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Number of results: 23
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Abstract

Investments in made ground are a big problem. The present investigation concerns ground derived from limestone treatment waste from SOLVAY soda plants. This waste is deposited in the southern area of Krakow in a reservoir called ‘White Seas’ in an area of approximately 15 ha. Currently, part of the route and tram investment, ‘The Łagiewniki Route’ Currently through the ‘White Seas’ area. The article presents an analysis of a section of this route by a high and steep slope made from made ground. The first stage of the in-situ measurements was to scan the shape of the high slope with the RIEGL VZ-400 terrestrial laser scanner. It was necessary to obtain the shape of the slope for numerical modelling using the FEM method. The point cloud perfectly reflected the shape of the slope with an accuracy of 5 mm. Soil samples (limestone waste) were also collected in the area of the slope for laboratory tests. In order to determine the effective strength parameters of the made ground of the embankment, a series of tests was carried out using triaxial compression apparatus. All triaxial tests were performed in accordance with British Standard 1337 Part 8. Modelling was performed using an FEM finite element method in MIDAS. The analyses also included the variant of irrigation of made ground. The conducted research shows that the high and steep slope made from calcareous waste indicates stability. The irrigated land did not make the high escarpment unstable.
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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Pilecka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jakub Zięba
2
ORCID: ORCID
Dariusz Szwarkowski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. DSc., PhD., Eng., Prof. of CUT, Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
  2. MSc., Eng., Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Based on the example of the pilot area in Kiev the influence of the increased static load on the superstructure of the stress-strain state of the slope was studied. The efficiency of the proposed methodology when considering the work of "home-slope-retaining structure" depending on natural and anthropogenic factors was demonstrated.
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Authors and Affiliations

Eduard Petrenko
Gharakhanlou Mahdi
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Abstract

Time of concentration, Tc, is defined as time elapsed from the beginning of rainfall infiltrated into soil layer until it reaches a constant infiltration rate (fc) which is indicated an equilibrium subsurface flow rate. In hydrological view, time of concentration plays a significant role in elaboration of transformation of rainfall into runoff in a watershed. The aims of this research are to define influence of soil density and soil water content in determining time of concentration using infiltration concept based on water balance theory, and to find out the effect of land slope this time. Watershed laboratory experiment using rainfall simulator was employed to examine time of concentration associated with infiltration process under different slope, soil density and soil water content based on water balance concept. The steady rainfall intensity was simulated using sprinklers which produced 2 dm3∙min–1. Rainfall, runoff and infiltration analysis were carried out at laboratory experiment on soil media with varied of soil density (d) and soil water content (w), where variation of land slopes (s) were designed in three land slopes 2, 3 and 4%. The results show that relationship between soil density and land slope to time of concentra-tion showed a quadratic positive relationship where the higher the soil density address to the longer time of concentration. Moreover, time of concentration had an inverse relationship with soil water content and land slope that means time of con-centration decreased when the soil water content increased.

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Authors and Affiliations

Donny Harisuseno
Dian Noorvy Khaeruddin
Riyanto Haribowo
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Abstract

This study aims at developing a machine learning based classification and regression-based models for slope stability analysis. 1140 different cases have been analysed using the Morgenstern price method in GeoSlope for non-homogeneous cohesive slopes as input for classification and regression-based models. Slope failures presents a serious challenge across many countries of the world. Understanding the various factors responsible for slope failure is very crucial in mitigating this problem. Therefore, different parameters which may be responsible for failure of slope are considered in this study. 9 different parameters (cohesion, specific gravity, slope angle, thickness of layers, internal angle of friction, saturation condition, wind and rain, blasting conditions and cloud burst conditions) have been identified for the purpose of this study including internal, external and factors representing the geometry of the slope has been included. Four different classification algorithms namely Random Forest, logistic regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) has been modelled and their performances have been evaluated on several performance metrics. A similar comparison based on performance indices has been made among three different regression models Decision tree, random forest, and XGBoost regression.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sudhir Kumar Singh
1
ORCID: ORCID
Debashish Chakravarty
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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Abstract

The talus slopes occur in all climatic zones on the Earth. These forms are sensitive to climate fluctuations, therefore they may be indicators of changes in the environment and contain the record of the geomorphological events after the deglaciation period. Both in the past and nowadays, slopes in area of the High Arctic have been developing in the specific conditions of periglacial zone. This is caused by simultaneously occurring different processes of weathering and deposition. The article presents the methodological approach and the results of the sedimentological measurements and geomorphological studies of the eight talus cones located in SW Spitsbergen. The study was conducted in the non-glaciated valley near the Stanislaw Baranowski Polar Station in Spitsbergen. The aim of the investigation was to determine the modern mechanisms of material transport on talus slopes and their impact on relief of slope surface in the polar environment. The obtained results and literature data allowed to indicate four separate zones of talus slope environment and develop a conceptual model for talus slope development in the Brattegg Valley, SW Spitsbergen.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Senderak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wroclaw, Pl. Uniwersytecki 1, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract

Qualitative and quantitative results of high terrain elevation effect on spectral radiance of optical satellite image which affect the accuracy in retrieving of land surface cover changes is given. The paper includes two main parts: correction model of spectral radiance of satellite image affected by high terrain elevation and assessment of impacts and variation of land cover changes before and after correcting influence of high terrain elevation to the spectral radiance of the image. Study has been carried out with SPOT 5 in Hoa Binh mountain area of two periods: 2007 and 2010. Results showed that appropriate correction model is the Meyer’s one. The impacts of correction spectral radiance to 7 classes of classified images fluctuate from 15% to 400%. The varying changes before and after correction of image radiation fluctuate over 7 classes from 5% to 100%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Luong Chinh Ke
Tran Ngoc Tuong
Nguyen Van Hung
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Abstract

While the Slope Fault Model method can solve the soft-fault diagnosis problem in linear analog circuit effectively, the challenging tolerance problem is still unsolved. In this paper, a proposed Normal Quotient Distribution approach was combined with the Slope Fault Model to handle the tolerances problem in soft-fault diagnosis for analog circuit. Firstly, the principle of the Slope Fault Model is presented, and the huge computation of traditional Slope Fault Characteristic set was reduced greatly by the elimination of superfluous features. Several typical tolerance handling methods on the ground of the Slope Fault Model were compared. Then, the approximating distribution function of the Slope Fault Characteristic was deduced and sufficient conditions were given to improve the approximation accuracy. The monotonous and continuous mapping between Normal Quotient Distribution and standard normal distribution was proved. Thus the estimation formulas about the ranges of the Slope Fault Characteristic were deduced. After that, a new test-nodes selection algorithm based on the reduced Slope Fault Characteristic ranges set was designed. Finally, two numerical experiments were done to illustrate the proposed approach and demonstrate its effectiveness.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yongcai Ao
Yibing Shi
Wei Zhang
Xifeng Li
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Abstract

In this paper, finite element modelling is employed for simulating and analysing seepage and slope stability of earthfill dam via GeoStudio software. Two products are employed, which are SLOPE/W for slope stability and SEEP/W for seepage analysis. The behaviour of earthfill dam with four different types of sandy soils having different values of hydraulic conductivity (K) has been studied. Different upstream (US) slopes of 1:2, 1:2.5, 1:3 and 1:3.5 for the earthfill dam are simulated. The downstream (DS) slope is constant at 1:2. The results showed for all the four types of soils that when the US slope is increased, the amount of seepage from the dam increases and the factor of safety (F) decreases. For each US slope, when K (type of soil) increases, both seepage and F increase. Fine sand soil is associated with less seepage and less F. Sixteen equations are obtained to predict both seepage and F with respect to US slope for each type of soil and K of the soil for US slope. An experimental model for earthfill dam is constructed in the laboratory of hydraulics, Benha University to investigate the seepage of water through earthfill dams. It is concluded that seepage decreased when K decreased, and when the US slope for each type of soil decreased. The seepage increased when K increased for each US slope. Seven equations are obtained to predict seepage with respect to US slope for each type of soil, and K for each US slope.

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Authors and Affiliations

Alaa N. El-Hazek
Neveen B. Abdel-Mageed
Mohammed H. Hadid
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Abstract

A new method of Electrocardiogram (ECG) features extraction is proposed in this paper. The purpose of this study is to detect the main characteristics of the signal: P, Q, R, S, and T, then localize and extract its intervals and segments. To do so we first detect peaks, onsets and offsets of the signal's waveform by calculating the slope change (SC) coefficients and consequently, the peaks of the signal are determined. The SC coefficients are based on the calculation of the integral of two-scale signals with opposite signs. The simulation results of our algorithm applied on recordings of MIT-BIH arrhythmia electrocardiogram database show that the proposed method delineates the electrocardiogram waveforms and segments with high precision.
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Authors and Affiliations

Skander Bensegueni
1

  1. Department of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Automatic, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique, Constantine, Algeria
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Abstract

The study aims to investigate the effect of semisolid structure and strontium (Sr) addition on the wear behavior of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy. Semisolid hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy was prepared using cooling slope casting with addition of 0 to 0.93 wt.% Sr. Microstructural study was done using an optical microscope. Vicker microhardness and pin on disc tribometer were used for microhardness and wear testing. When compared to conventional casting, the microhardness of the semisolid hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy improved by 9.8%. Sr addition at 0.43 wt.% resulted in a refined eutectic structure with a 17% increase in hardness over conventional casting. The globular structure α-Al formed during semisolid casting reduced porosity, and the addition of Sr refined the eutectic silicon into a fine fibrous structure that is tightly bound with the Al matrix. These are the primary factors that contribute to the high wear resistance in modified-Sr semisolid alloys.
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Authors and Affiliations

N.M. Anas
1
ORCID: ORCID
S.A. Zakaria
1
ORCID: ORCID
A.S. Anasyida
1
ORCID: ORCID
H. Mohamad
1
ORCID: ORCID
B.K. Dhindaw
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Structural Niche Area. School of Mat erials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Malaysia 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang
  2. Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur 721302, India
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Abstract

A computer model EUSS (Emission Uniformity on Sloping Surfaces) has been developed to design and evaluate the system capacity under operating conditions for drip irrigation system. And achieve the desired value of emission uniformity that is not significantly different according to the recommended values by applying it in field experiment located at Al- -Slahia city, Egypt. The model has the ability to design the system by all of the common design techniques and have ability to customize any of them.

EUSS model includes two main parts: crop water requirements, and hydraulic calculations of the system using metric unit system. It developed in graphical user interface of the programming language C-sharp (C#) by using Microsoft Visual Studio. The model database is containing the equations, tables and reference values to get more rapid and accurate results, and gives the opportunity for selecting some parameters such as: soil properties, characteristics of the corresponding crop, and climatic data. EUSS model allows the user to assume or set definite values, for example plot layout, land slopes and topography, the emitter characteristics and operating conditions.

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Bibliography

ALI M. 2016. Design approach to optimize pressurized irrigation systems in Egypt. M.Sc. Thesis. Helwan University. Mataria Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Power Department pp. 113.
ALLEN R. 1999. SPRINKMOD – pressure and discharge simulation model for pressurized irrigation systems. 1. Model development and description. Irrigation Science. Vol. 18 p. 141–148.
ALLEN R.G., PEREIRA L.S., RAES D., SMITH M. 1998. Chapter 1. Introduction to evapotranspiration. In: Crop evapotranspiration – Guidelines for computing crop water requirements [online]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. Rome. FAO. [Access 15.12.2019]. Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/X0490E/x0490e04.htm#evapotranspiration
ASAE 1999a. Design and installation of micro-irrigation systems. EP405.1 DEC98. In: ASAE Standards 1999: Standards Engineering Practices Data. St. Joseph. American Society of Agricultural Engineers p. 879–881.
ASAE 1999b. Field evaluation of micro-irrigation systems, EP458 DEC98. In: ASAE Standards 1999: Standards Engineering Practices Data. St. Joseph. American Society of Agricultural Engineers p. 922–923.
BREMERE I., KENNEDY M., STIKKER A., SCHIPPERS J. 2001. How water scarcity will affect the growth in the desalination market in the coming 25 years. Desalination. Vol. 138. Iss. 1–3 p. 7–15. DOI 10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00239-9.
EL-FELLALY S., SALEH E. 2004. Egypt’s experience with regard to water demand management in agriculture. [Eighth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC8]. [2004 Alexandria, Egypt].
FAO 2011. The state of the world’s land and water resources for food and agriculture. Managing systems at risk. Rome–London. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Earthscan. ISBN 978-1-84971-327-6 pp. 285.
GU Z., QI Z., MA L., GUI D., XU J., FANG Q., YUAN S., FENG G. 2017. Development of an irrigation scheduling software based on model predicted crop water stress. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. Vol. 143 p. 208–221.
HOFWEGEN P., SVENDSEN M. 2000. A vision of water for food and ruaral development: Final. [International Conference “World Water Forum”]. [17 March 2000 The Hague] pp. 82.
IRMAK S., ODHIAMBO L., KRANZ W., EISENHAUER D. 2011. Irrigation efficiency and uniformity, and crop water use efficiency [online]. Department of Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications. University of Nebraska – Lincoln. [2011]. Available at: https://extensionpublications.unl.edu/assets/pdf/ec732.pdf
ISMAIL S., ELNESR M., ELASHRY R. 2000. Computer aided design of drip irrigation systems. Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering. Vol. 18(2) p. 243–260. JAIN S. 2001. Development of design methodology and software for micro-irrigation sub-units. M.Sc. Thesis. Pantnagar. G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology. Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering pp. 155.
JAMREY P.K., NIGAM G.K. 2018. Performance evaluation of drip irrigation systems. The Pharma Innovation Journal. Vol 7(1) p. 346–348.
KELLER J., BLIESNER R. 1990. Sprinkle and trickle irrigation. New York. Springer Science and Business Media. ISBN 9780442246457 pp. 652.
LAMM F., AYARS J., NAKAYAMA F. 2007. Microirrigation for crop production. Design, operation, and management. United Kingdom. Elsevier. ISBN 0-444-50607-1 pp. 642.
MAHROUS A., HANAFY M., BAKEER G., BAZARAA A. 2008. Computer program for predicting emission uniformity of odd-shaped sub-units in drip irrigation system. Misr Journal of Agricultural. Engineering. Irrigation and drainage. Vol. 25(4) p. 1240–1255.
MIRZAEI F., HATAMI M., MOUSAZADEH F. 2009. A simple model to estimate wetted soil volume from the trickle by use of the dimensional analysis technique. Advances in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering p. 345–352.
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PHILIPOVA N., NICHEVA O., KAZANDJIEV V., CHILIKOVA-LUBO¬MIROVA M. 2012. A computer program for drip irrigation system design for small plots. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Vol. 42. Iss. 4 p. 3–18. DOI 10.2478/v10254-012-0016-x.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wafaa Abo Zied
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohammed Hanafy
1
Ehab Mostafa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ahmed Abo Habssa
2

  1. Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering Department, Gamaa Street 1, Giza, 12613, Egypt
  2. Helwan University, Mataria Faculty of Engineering, Mechanical Power Department, Helwan, Egypt
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Abstract

Evidence of recent geomorphic processes within debris cones, their spatial distribution and diversification on cones surface are interpreted in the context of contemporary slope morphogenesis. The detailed inventory of relief features on debris cones in the SW Spitsbergen revealed their great spatial diversity. It is linked with a dominance of different morphological processes in adjacent areas. Spatial and temporal diversity of process-relief assemblages on cones is strongly related with local factors, like bedrock lithology, slope aspect and inclination, local circulation and climatic conditions. However, the potential role of debris cones and their topographic features as geoindicators archiving information about the environmental impact of global changes, cannot be explicitly estimated. Local constraints obscure the regional expression of any global trends, which could be detected on the basis of process-relief assemblages on debris cones in polar regions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Latocha-Wites
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Parzóch
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wroclaw, Pl. Uniwersytecki 1, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract

Slope Stability Analysis is one of the main aspects of Open-pit mine planning because the calculations regarding the stability of slopes are necessary to assess the stability of the open pit slopes together with the financial feasibility of the mining operations. This study was conducted to analyse the effect of groundwater on the shear strength properties of soft rock formations and determine the optimum overall slope angle for an open pit coal mine at Thar Coalfield, Pakistan. Computer modelling and analysis of the slope models were performed using Slide (v. 5.0) and Phase2 (v. 6.0) software. Integrated use of Limit Equilibrium based Probabilistic (LE-P) analysis and Finite Element Method (FEM) based shear strength reduction analysis was performed to determine the safe overall slope angle against circular failure. Several pit slope models were developed at different overall slope angles and pore-water pressure ratio (Ru) coefficients. Each model was initially analysed under dry conditions and then by incorporating the effect of pore-water pressure coefficients of Ru = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 (partially saturated); finally, the strata were considered to be fully saturated. It was concluded that at an overall slope angle of 29 degrees, the overall slope will remain stable under dry and saturated conditions for a critical safety factor of 1.3.
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Authors and Affiliations

Shafi Muhammad Pathan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abdul Ghani Pathan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Fahad Irfan Siddiqui
1
ORCID: ORCID
Muhammad Burhan Memon
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mairaj Hyder Alias Aamir Soomro
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Department of Mining Engineering, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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Abstract

This paper focused on a study concerned with the motion of platforms at loading stations during truck changing in Trucklift slope hoisting system built in Jaeryong open-pit iron mine, DPR of Korea. The motion of platform in Trucklift slope hoisting system produces undesirable effect on truck changing. To analyze the motion of platform during truck changing, we built the dynamic model in ADAMS environment and control system in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results indicate that the normal truck changing can be realized without arresters at loading stations by a reasonable structural design of platforms and loading stations.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Tok Hyong Han
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kwang Hyok Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Un Chol Han
2
ORCID: ORCID
Kwang Myong Li
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Kim Chaek University of Technology, Faculty of Mining Engineering, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
  2. Kim Chaek University of Technology, School of Science and Engineering, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
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Abstract

This study rigorously examines the pressing issue of dump slope stability in Indian opencast coal mines, a problem that has led to significant safety incidents and operational hindrances. Employing machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest (RF), k-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), and Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB), the study aims to achieve a scientific goal of predictive accuracy for slope stability under various environmental and operational conditions. Promising accuracies were attained, notably with RF (0.98), SVM (0.98), and DT (0.97). To address the class imbalance issue, the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) was implemented, resulting in improved model performance. Furthermore, this study introduced a novel feature importance technique to identify critical factors affecting dump slope stability, offering new insights into the mechanisms leading to slope failures. These findings have significant implications for enhancing safety measures and operational efficiency in opencast mines, not only in India but potentially globally.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sudhir Kumar Singh
1
ORCID: ORCID
Debashish Chakravarty
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Indian Institute of Technology, Department of Mining Engineering, Kharagpur, India
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Abstract

Lane detection is one of the key steps for developing driver assistance and vehicle automation features. A number of techniques are available for lane detection as part of computer vision tools to perform lane detection with different levels of accuracies. In this paper a unique method has been proposed for lane detection based on dynamic origin (DOT). This method provides better flexibility to adjust the outcome as per the specific needs of the intended application compared to other techniques. As the method offers better degree of control during the lane detection process, it can be adapted to detect lanes in varied situations like poor lighting or low quality road markings. Moreover, the Piecewise Linear Stretching Function (PLSF) has also been incorporated into the proposed method to improve the contrast of the input image source. Adding the PLSF method to the proposed lane detection technique, has significantly improved the accuracy of lane detection when compared to hough transform method from 87.88% to 98.25% in day light situations and from 94.15% to 97% in low light situations.
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Bibliography

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[27] E. Salari, D. Ouyang, “Camera-based forward collision and lane departure warning system using svm,” IEEE 56th International Midwest Symp. On Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS), 2013,1278–1281.
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Authors and Affiliations

P. Maya
1
C. Tharini
2

  1. B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
  2. B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology,Chennai, India
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Abstract

Present study describes about the effect of coolant water flow rate and coolant water temperature underside cooling slope on structural characteristics of casted AZ91 Mg alloy. Here, over the cooling slope, hot melt flows from top to bottom. Additionally, under the cooling slope, coolant water flows from bottom to top. Slurry gets obtained at bottom of cooling slope by pouring AZ91 Mg melt from top of the slope. Coolant water flow rate with coolant water temperature underside cooling slope warrant necessary solidification and shear to obtain AZ91 Mg slurry. Specifically, slurry at 5 different coolant water flow rates (4, 6, 8, 10, 12 lpm) and at 5 different coolant water temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35°C) underside cooling slope are delivered inside metal mould. Modest coolant water flow rate of 8 lpm with coolant water temperature of 25°C (underside cooling slope) results fairly modest solidification that would enormously contribute towards enhanced structural characteristics. As, quite smaller/bigger coolant water flow rate/temperature underside cooling slope would reason shearing that causes inferior structural characteristics. Ultimately, favoured microstructure was realized at 8 lpm coolant water flow rate and 25°C coolant water temperature underside cooling slope with grain size, shape factor, primary α-phase fraction and grain density of 63 µm, 0.71, 0.68 and 198, respectively. Correspondingly, superior mechanical properties was realized at 8 lpm coolant water flow rate and 25°C coolant water temperature underside cooling slope with tensile strength, elongation, yield strength and hardness of 250 MPa, 8%, 192 MPa and 80 HV, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

S.K. Sahu
1
ORCID: ORCID
N.K. Kund
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. VSS University of Technology, Department of Production Engineering, Burla 768018, India
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Abstract

Waste tyres are among the largest and most problematic sources of waste today, due to the large volume produced and their long-lasting decomposition and resistance to water and extreme temperatures. Since 2000 in Europe the EU Landfill Directive has forbidden the disposal of waste tyres in a landfill. Since then waste tyre derived products (TDP), including whole tyres, tyre bales, shreds, chips, and crumb rubber, have been widely used also in civil engineering applications. The baling is nowadays the best way for the product recycling of waste tyres. Waste tyre bales have considerable potential for use in road applications, particularly where their low density, permeability and ease of handling give them an advantage. Road applications include but are not limited to: embankments construction, slope stabilization and repair (landslides), road foundations over soft ground, backfill material for retaining walls and gravity retaining structures (gabion-type). Several case studies, showing the opportunities to use waste tyre bales in road construction, are presented and illustrated in the paper preceded by providing the engineering properties of waste tyre bales, used within the road structures constructed worldwide. The article also describes the first world application of abutment backfill from the tyre bales in a road bridge, realized in Poland.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksander Duda
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Siwowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture, Al. Powstanców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Abstract

Post-mining dumps are a common sight in the industrial areas of Silesia (Poland). Despite several reclamation projects, many of them still constitute an unresolved problem. It is not only a matter of unaesthetic view – they often pose a threat to the environment and the people living nearby. Despite revitalization, some dumps are not properly maintained and are at the risk of slope failure. Such places require constant geodetic observation and stability control. In this article, the example of a dump located in the city of Gliwice was used to show the possibilities offered by the use of photogrammetry and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for cyclic checks of the embankment condition. The current state of the dump and the results of interventions after two incidents of slope failure,were observed. The main slopes of the terrain surface and at the selected cross-sections were determined in two flight missions. The obtained geometrical data were used in the further numerical analysis. Finite Element Method model representing one of the escarpment cross-sectionswas built to estimate the factor of safety and determine the main mechanisms responsible for the failure. Elastic-perfectly plastic Coulomb-Mohr model was used to describe the behaviour of the minestone and the ‘ c – tan φ reduction’ – for calculation of the stability. The problem of reliable material properties’ estimation was emphasized. The analysis included the impact of seepage and total head difference on the slope stability. It was concluded that the rainfall intensity had a decisive influence on the instability of the dump.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Wróblewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena Kowalska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marian Łupieżowiec
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Geotechnics and Roads, Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

Prestressed anchor cables are active reinforcement to improve slope stability. However, the anchoring is not a permanent guarantee of stability, and the slope retains a potential risk of instability. From the perspective of the internal force of anchor cables, a new early warning method for the safety of the slope is provided, and a slope analysis model is established. With the increase in the strength reduction factor, the internal force increment curves of anchor cables under different prestresses are obtained. The point corresponding to strength reduction factors λ1 and λ2 represents a warning point. Key conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) The internal force of an anchor cable can be used to judge the stability of the slope strengthened by a prestressed anchor cable. (2) A warning index based on the internal force increment ratio of anchor cables is established. (3) The internal force increment ratio of anchor cables eliminates the influence of the initial prestress and is convenient for engineering applications.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jincai Feng
Jiaxin Chen
Jian Li
Yu Zhang
ORCID: ORCID
Jianhua Guo
Hongyong Qiu
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Abstract

A fast reduction of a reservoir level may result in instability of an earth dam caused by the high pore water pressures that remain relatively high in the embankment. Moreover, the dissipation of the accumulated pore water pressures is highly dependent on the permeability of the materials used for the embankment and the storage characteristics of the reservoir. Therefore, in the design of embankment dams, the stability analysis under rapid drawdown loading conditions is an important design case. In this study, the influence of different permeability rates on dam stability under different cases of rapid drawdownwas investigated using the finite element method in SEEP/W and SLOPE/W of the GeoStudio with a case of the Lugoda dam in Ndembera catchment, Tanzania. The modeling process considers the time-dependent hydraulic conditions and the transient flow conditions using different water levels during rapid drawdown for evaluation of the factor of safety. From the 1m per day drawdown rate; the lowest minimum factor of safety value (0.90) was obtained from the 10 -7 m/s material permeability of the upstream zone of the dam. It means that, at a drawdown rate of 1m per day, there is a potential for failure of the embankment if the hydraulic conductivity value will be somewhere below 10 -6 m/s.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yelbek Utepov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zbigniew Lechowicz
2
ORCID: ORCID
Askar Zhussupbekov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zdzisław Skutnik
3
ORCID: ORCID
Aliya Aldungarova
4
ORCID: ORCID
Timoth Mkilima
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 2 Satpayev Str., 010008 Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan
  2. Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 166 Nowoursynowska Str., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
  3. Institute of Civil Engineering,Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 166 Nowoursynowska Str., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
  4. CSI Research&Lab, LLP, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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Abstract

The paper aims at reconstructing Pleistocene slope processes and transformation of tectonic relief in two sections across the northern margin of the Krzeszowice Graben. The investigations are based on the analysis of deposits present on the slopes of fault-line scarps. The lithology and stratigraphy of these deposits was reconstructed based on analysis of outcrops and boreholes. Detailed lithological logs were prepared, along with grain size analyses, and determination of CaCO3, Fe2O3 and Corg contents in fine-grained sediments. The studied fault-line scarps were transformed by Pleistocene denudation. The type and intensity of these processes were different in the sections studied. In the Będkowice area, accumulation prevailed; the fault-line scarp became covered with sediments. In the Karniowice area, in turn, periglacial processes caused degradation of the fault-controlled slope. In the lower part of the fault-line scarp, the intensity of degradation processes was limited by repeated presence of sediment cover which preserved the substratum. Differences in the intensity and type of Pleistocene denudation can be explained by different heights of fault-line scarps, controlled by tectonic structure and neotectonic movements.
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Authors and Affiliations

Halina Pawelec

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