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Erosion processes initialized by use of heavy equipment in mountain forests of the Wilczy Potok catchment, Silesian Beskids

Włodzimierz Łukasik Piotr Kubiesa Tomasz Staszewski
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2016 | vol. 42 | No 1 | DOI: 10.1515/aep-2016-0010
Keywords mountain forest skidding soil erosion erosion gullies forest management
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Abstract

Forest stand decomposition of the Silesian Beskids which is followed by the tree cutting has been observed since the beginning of the 21st century. Changes in forest management due to the introduction of heavy machines for forest work mainly for skidding have been observed in the Silesian Beskids for the last decade. The paper presents results of a three-year investigation of erosion gullies forming in mountain forest after the skidding performed with use of heavy equipment. In the Wilczy Potok catchment comprising an area of above 100 ha 40 gullies were identified. The measurement of the length and depth of gullies showed that the total volume of soil and rock material removed from the catchment area due to erosion accelerated by skidding exceeded 9 000 m3. The year erosion rate for deep gullies was found to be 10%. The presented results show that necessary protective actions and preventive measures should be taken to mitigate the soil degradation processes.

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Authors and Affiliations

Włodzimierz Łukasik
Piotr Kubiesa
Tomasz Staszewski

Assessing soil lossusing GIS based RUSLE methodology. Case of the Bou Namoussa watershed –North-East of Algeria

Chemss Eddine Bouhadeb Mohamed Redha Menani Hamza Bouguerra Oussama Derdous
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2018 | No 36
Keywords Bou Namoussa watershed GIS RUSLE siltation soil erosion
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Authors and Affiliations

Chemss Eddine Bouhadeb
Mohamed Redha Menani
Hamza Bouguerra
Oussama Derdous

Soil erosion rate and hazard level at the Sianjo-anjo Reservoir watershed in Indonesia

Felia Gusma Azmeri Azmeri Faris Z. Jemi Hafnati Rahmatan
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2023 | No 57 | 181-187 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.145348
Keywords erosion modelling reservoir sediment yield soil erosion
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Abstract

The Sianjo-anjo reservoir is used to meet the need for downstream clean water. Land activity at the Sianjo- anjo reservoir watershed can potentially increase the rate of erosion and the silting of rivers and reservoirs due to sedimentation. Reservoir siltation is a crucial challenge for reservoir management because it can reduce its function and affect its service life. However, sediment yield is often overlooked in reservoir planning and environmental assessment. This study aims to predict the rate of land erosion and sediment yield, and create an erosion hazard map of the Sianjo-anjo reservoir watershed. The study used a Geographic Information System, GIS-based Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) method and discovered that the erosion rate of the Sianjo-anjo reservoir watershed was between 35.23 Mg∙ha –1∙y –1 until 455.08 Mg∙ha –1∙y –1, with 95.85% classified as the low level, 0.03% as moderate, and 4.12% as high. Meanwhile, the sediment yield from the Sianjo-anjo reservoir watershed was 218,812.802 Mg∙y –1. USLE is vital to identify areas susceptible to erosion and crucial for reservoir sustainability. Furthermore, it is necessary to plan good sediment management. Long-term land conservation is required to maintain storage capacity and ensure effective operation of the reservoir.
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Authors and Affiliations

Felia Gusma
1
Azmeri Azmeri
1
ORCID: ORCID
Faris Z. Jemi
2
ORCID: ORCID
Hafnati Rahmatan
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Universitas Syiah Kuala, Engineering Faculty, Civil Engineering Department, Syech Abdur-Rauf No. 7 Darussalam, 23111, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  2. Universitas Syiah Kuala, Engineering Faculty, Electrical Engineering Department, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  3. Universitas Syiah Kuala, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Biology Department, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Using RUSLE and GIS for the soil loss assessment in arid regions: The case of the Ain Sefra catchment in the Ksour Mountains, Algeria

Ahmed Melalih Mohamed Mazour
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 48 | 205-214 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.136163
Keywords Ain Sefra watershed Algeria arid region GIS RUSLE soil erosion
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Abstract

The loss of soil quality due to erosion is a global problem, particularly affecting natural resources and agricultural pro-duction in Algeria. In this study, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) is applied to estimate the risk of water erosion in the Ain Sefra arid watershed (Algeria). The coupling of this equation with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allows to assess and map the soil loss rates. The land erosion is influenced by many control variables, such as the topographic factor of the terrain and the length of slope (LS factor), rainfall erosivity (R factor), sensitivity of soil to erosion (K factor), presence of vegetation (C factor) and the anti-erosion cultivation techniques (P factor). To calculate the average annual soil loss, these five factors were considered and multiplied in the RUSLE Equation. The result shows that the aver-age rate of soil loss is estimated at about 5.2 t·ha–1·y–1 over the whole watershed. This study is the first of its kind in the region and aims to assess the soil loss caused by water erosion processes in this arid zone. Consequently, it is essential to take real intervention measures in these upstream areas in order to combat this scourge, based on priorities ensuring the sustainable management of natural resources in the study area.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ahmed Melalih
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohamed Mazour
3
  1. Abou Bakr Belkaïd University, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences and theUniverse, BP 230, New campus, Tlemcen, 13000 Algeria
  2. University Center of Ain Temouchent Belhadj Bouchaib, Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment (LHYDENV), Ain Temouchent, Algeria
  3. University Center of Ain Temouchent Belhadj Bouchaib, Institute of Science and Technology, Ain Temouchent, Algeria

Surface erosion hazard and sediment yield for Keuliling Reservoir in Indonesia

Azmeri Azmeri Nurbaiti Nurbaiti Nurul Mawaddah Halida Yunita Faris Zahran Jemi Devi Sundary
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 52 | 108-118 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.140380
Keywords erosion hazard Keuliling Reservoir sediment yield soil erosion
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Abstract

The construction of the Keuliling Reservoir aims to accommodate and utilise water for agricultural purposes. In this research, soil erosion modelling using the USLE method showed that the level of erosion hazard for each Keuliling Reservoir sub-watershed was classified into low-moderate. Land erosion occurred in the area around the reservoir inundation is the most significant contribution to the magnitude of erosion (38.62 Mg∙ha–1∙y–1. Based on the point of sediment sampling in the Keuliling reservoir, the sediment volume was 1.43 Mg∙m–3. So, the volumetric sediment input from the Keuliling reservoir watershed is 20.918,32 m3∙y–1. The degradation of reservoir function due to sedimentation can affect reservoir services. The ability to estimate the rate of watershed surface erosion and sediment deposition in the reservoir is vital for reservoir sustainability. Besides the land erosion in the Keuliling Reservoir, there are also other potential sources of erosion that can reduce the capacity of the reservoir, i.e. the rate of sedimentation from a reservoir cliff landslide. The USLE estimation results show that the soil erosion analysis provides important and systematic information about nature, intensity and spatial distribution in the watershed and sediment volume in the Keuliling Reservoir. This finding allows the identification of the most vulnerable areas and the type of erosion dominant for long-term land management.
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Authors and Affiliations

Azmeri Azmeri
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nurbaiti Nurbaiti
2
Nurul Mawaddah
1
Halida Yunita
1
ORCID: ORCID
Faris Zahran Jemi
3
ORCID: ORCID
Devi Sundary
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Universitas Syiah Kuala, Engineering Faculty, Civil Engineering Department, Syech Abdur-Rauf No. 7 Darussalam, 23111, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  2. Ministry of Public Works and Housing (PUPR) BWS Sumatera-I, Indonesia
  3. Universitas Syiah Kuala, Engineering Faculty, Electrical Engineering Department, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Non-prismatic channels for reducing shear stress

Samir Haddad
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 52 | 87-94 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.140377
Keywords detachment non-prismatic channel shear stress soil erosion transport capacity
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Abstract

To reduce the sediment transport capacity, shear stress needs to be reduced as well. The article describes work that has been done to find a way to make these reductions possible. The theoretical study and the approach proposed allowed us to obtain a general equation that determines conditions and calculates the most important parameters which support the reduction of shear stress. This describes the mechanism that erodes soils by free surface water flow.
In a similar vein, we have shown that adding a short non-prismatic channel to the entrance of a prismatic channel, which has the same geometric shape, is a very powerful way to reduce shear stress. With the idea of reducing shear stress, we have shown that the water-surface profile type plays a key role and must therefore be included in future reflections on reducing the importance of shear stress.
Additionally, the notion of efficiency was introduced that allows to evaluate the expected gain after the reduction of shear stress and adding a short non-prismatic channel.
The laws of similarity applied to free surface flows allowed us to obtain an equation with several equivalence scales and compare different geometric shapes in terms of their efficiency in the reduction of shear stress.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Samir Haddad
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Houari Boumediène University of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering. LEGHYD Laboratory, BP 32 Bab Ezzouar, 16111 Algiers, Algeria
  2. Akli Mohand Oulhadj University of Bouira, Rue Frères Boussendalah, 10000 Bouira, Algeria

A multicriteria approach to different land use scenarios in the Western Carpathians with the SWAT model

Agnieszka W. Kowalczyk Beata Grabowska-Polanowska Tomasz Garbowski Marek Kopacz Stanisław Lach Robert Mazur
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2023 | No 57 | 130-139 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.145343
Keywords catchment area land use soil erosion SWAT model Western Carpathians
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Abstract

Water erosion in mountainous areas is a major problem, especially on steep slopes exposed to intense precipitation. This paper presents the analysis of the topsoil loss using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. The SWAT model is a deterministic catchment model with a daily time step. It was designed to anticipate changes taking place in the catchment area, such as climate change and changes in land use and development, including the quantity and quality of water resources, soil erosion and agricultural production. In addition to hydrological and environmental aspects, the SWAT model is used to address socio-economic and demographic issues, such as water supply and food production. This program is integrated with QGIS software. The results were evaluated using the following statistical coefficients: determination (R2), Nash–Sutcliff model efficiency ( NS), and percentage deviation index ( PBIAS). An assessment of modelling results was made in terms of their variation according to different land cover scenarios. In the case of the scenario with no change in use, the average annual loss of topsoil (average upland sediment yield) was found to be 14.3 Mg∙ha –1. The maximum upland sediment yield was 94.6 Mg∙ha –1. On the other hand, there is an accumulation of soil material in the lower part of the catchment (in-stream sediment change), on average 13.27 Mg∙ha –1 per year.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka W. Kowalczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Beata Grabowska-Polanowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Garbowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Kopacz
2
ORCID: ORCID
Stanisław Lach
2
ORCID: ORCID
Robert Mazur
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland
  2. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Management and Protection, Cracow, Poland

Mapping erosion prone areas in the Bouhamdane watershed (Algeria) us-ing the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation through GIS

Hamza Bouguerra Abderrazak Bouanani Kamal Khanchoul Oussama Derdous Salah Eddine Tachi
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2017 | No 32
Keywords Algeria Bouhamdane Watershed GIS Reservoir of Hammam Debagh RUSLE siltation soil erosion
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Authors and Affiliations

Hamza Bouguerra
Abderrazak Bouanani
Kamal Khanchoul
Oussama Derdous
Salah Eddine Tachi

The stability of soil aggregates in tilled fallow areas in Hyderabad district, Pakistan

Ahmed Tagar Jan Adamowski
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2015 | No 27 | 51-60
Keywords aggregate size distribution aggregate stability seedbed condition and soil erosion tilled fallow areas
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Abstract

Arid areas are particularly susceptible to soil erosion due to long dry periods and sudden heavy downpours. This study investigates the aggregate size distribution and aggregate stability of twelve tilled fallow areas of Hyderabad district, Sindh, Pakistan. This study determined aggregate size distribution by dry sieving to evaluate the seedbed condition and aggregate stability using wet sieving to assess the susceptibility of tilled fallow areas to soil erosion. The aggregate size distribution of the soils of the selected areas was highly variable. Gulistan-e-Sarmast had the largest number of clods (51.0%) followed by Kohsar (49.0%), Latifabad # 10 (41.10%) and Daman-e-Kohsar (39.0%). Fazal Sun City, the left side of the Indus River, the Village Nooral Detha and the left side of the Abdullah Sports city had a greater number of large (>8.0 mm) and small aggregates (<0.5 mm). The optimum aggregate size distribution was found in the left side of the channel, which had the largest number of aggregates (50.50%) in the 0.5–8.0 mm sieve size range. Maximum aggregate stability (AS) was found in Gulistan-e-Sarmast (46%), Kohsar (42%) and Latifabad # 10 (34%), while all other soils had minimum aggregate stability (<14%). The minimum aggregate stabilities demonstrate that the tilled fallow areas of Hyderabad district are highly susceptible to erosion. Therefore, the present study suggests investigating potential ways to enhance the aggregate stabilities of soils.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ahmed Tagar
Jan Adamowski

Assessment of soil erosion using the GIS-based erosion potential method in the Kebir Rhumel Watershed, Northeast Algeria

Amer Zeghmar Nadir Marouf Elhadj Mokhtari
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 52 | 133-144 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.140383
Keywords Erosion Potential Method Geographic Information System (GIS) Kebir Rhumel remote sensing soil erosion water erosion
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Abstract

Soil erosion is an important factor that should be considered when planning renewable natural resource projects, effects of which can be measured by modelling techniques. Therefore, disintegration models determine soil loss intensity and support soil conservation practices. This study estimates soil loss rates by water erosion using the Erosion Potential Method (EPM) in the Kebir Rhumel Watershed located in Northeast Algeria. The area is north to south sub-humid to semi-arid, receives irregular rainfall, and has steep slopes and low vegetation cover which makes it very vulnerable to erosion. The main factors in the EPM (soil erodibility, soil protection, slope, temperature, and rainfall) were evaluated using the Geographical Information System (GIS) and data provided by remote sensing technologies. The erosion intensity coefficient Z was 0.60, which indicates medium erosion intensity. While the results showed the average annual soil erosion of 17.92 Mg∙ha–1∙y–1, maximum and minimum losses are 190.50 Mg∙ha–1∙y–1 and 0.21 Mg∙ha–1∙y–1, respectively. The EPM model shows satisfactory results compared to some studies done in the basin, where the obtained results can be used for more appropriate management of land and water resources, sustainable planning, and environmental protection.
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Authors and Affiliations

Amer Zeghmar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nadir Marouf
1
ORCID: ORCID
Elhadj Mokhtari
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Larbi-Ben-M’hidi, Faculty of Sciences and Applied Sciences, Department of Hydraulic, Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Laboratory of Natural Resources and Management of Sensitive Environments, PO Box 358, 04000 Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
  2. University Mohamed Boudiaf M’sila, Faculty of Technology, Department of Hydraulic, Algeria

Soil erosion prediction and risk assessment using RUSLE model and GIS techniques in the Nangka watershed

Yusron Saadi Sus Mardiana Eko Pradjoko
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 55 | 185-191 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.142320
Keywords conservation measures erosion hazard level GIS techniques RUSLE soil erosion watershed
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Abstract

Soil erosion in the Nangka watershed has always been a matter of concern. Over the last decade, soil erosion has led to continuous environmental problems. A thorough examination of the extent of the problem was required to identify an appropriate soil conservation strategy within the watershed. This study was conducted to observe erosion rates and map out the erosion hazard level. Erosion predictions were analysed by using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model with the help of ArcGIS software. RUSLE was selected because of its quantitative ability to estimate average annual soil erosion and its compatibility with the GIS interface. The potential hazard of soil erosion was classified and ranked into five class categories as set by the national authority. The results reveal that the Nangka watershed is prone to soil erosion with the annual average values ranging from 1.33 Mg·ha –1·y –1 to 2472.29 Mg·ha –1·y –1. High soil erosion rates of 9.8% are in severe (class IV) and very severe (class V) conditions, primarily in the upper course of the watershed. The low annual average of soil erosion (class I and class II), which accounted for 75.95% of the total erosion, mostly took place in the steepness below 35%. The remaining area of 14.25% within the watershed is in moderate condition (class III). It is expected that the results of this study will help the authority in the implementation of soil conservation measures.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yusron Saadi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sus Mardiana
2
Eko Pradjoko
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Mataram, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Disaster Risk Management, Majapahit St, No. 62, Mataram, NTB, 83125, Indonesia
  2. Nusa Tenggara I River Basin Organisation, Mataram, NTB, Indonesia

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