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Number of results: 3
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Abstract

The study on water erosion in the catchment basin of the Jeleni Brook was carried out in the years 1995–1999. The catchment of the Jeleni Brook has complex relief, receives frequent pre-cipitations and thus is more threatened by water erosion. Soil cultivation and water from quickly melting snow can also be the factors affecting soil erosion. Waters from the melting snow produce rills of the following dimensions (mean values): width from 11.5 to 13.6 cm, depth – from 6.4 to 7.1 cm and length – from 39 to 112 m. The mean values of soil losses vary from 0.5 to 2.02 t·ha–1.

Erosion caused by intensive storm precipitation occurs less frequently but makes much higher soil losses. One of the registered incidents shows that 51.6 t·ha–1 (4.5 mm of soil layer) can be washed out from the area of 0.66 ha. Combined effect of outwashing and ploughing in lower parts of slopes created new forms of relief such as agricultural terraces (escarps). Agricultural terraces assume the shape of scarps up to 2 m high and of different length (e.g. 150 m) along with the land use border-lines between e.g. forest and field or field and grassland.

Agriculturally used soils within this catchment need protection based mainly on agrotechnical measures or on alteration of land use. Some areas should be afforested.

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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Koćmit
Marek Podlasiński
ORCID: ORCID
Małgorzata Roy
Tomasz Tomaszewicz
Justyna Chudecka
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Abstract

Soil erosion has been severely affecting soil and water resources in semi-arid areas like the Mediterranean. In Morocco, this natural process is accelerated by anthropogenic activities, such as unsustainable soil management, overgrazing, and deforestation. With a drainage area of 395,600 ha, the Bouregreg River Watershed extends from the Middle Atlas Range (Jebel Mtourzgane) to the Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (SMBA) dam reservoir south-east of Rabat. Its contrasted eco-geomorphological landscapes make it susceptible to unprecedented soil erosion due to climate change. Resulting changes in erosive dynamics led to huge amounts of solid loads transported to the catchment outlet and, thus, jeopardised the SMBA dam lifespan due to siltation.
The research aims to quantify the average annual soil losses in this watershed using the Revised Universal Equation of Soil Losses (RUSLE) within a GIS environment. To highlight shifts in land use/land cover patterns and their effects on erosional severity, we have resorted to remote sensing through two Landsat 8 satellite images captured in 2004 and 2019. The C factor was combined with readily available local data regarding major erosion factors, e.g. rainfall aggressiveness ( R), soil erodibility ( K), topography ( LS), and conservation practices ( P). The helped to map the erosion hazard and determine erosion prone areas within the watershed where appropriate water and conservation measures are to be considered. Accordingly, from 2004 to 2019, average annual soil losses increased from 11.78 to 18.38 t∙ha –1∙y –1, as the watershed area affected by strong erosion (>30 t∙ha –1∙y –1) evolved from 13.57 to 39.39%.

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Authors and Affiliations

Fouad Moudden
1
Mohammed El Hafyani
1
Anas El Ouali
2
Allal Roubil
1
Abdelhadi El Ouali
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ali Essahlaoui
1
ORCID: ORCID
Youssef Brouziyne
3

  1. Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geology, Laboratory of Geoengineering and Environment, Research Group “Water Sciences and Environment Engineering, Zitoune, Meknes BP11201, Morocco
  2. Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Fez, Morocco
  3. Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, International Water Research Institute, Ben Guerir, Morocco
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Abstract

The control of water erosion is an important economic and societal challenge. Reduction of the agronomic potential of the parcels, muddy flows, siltation of dams are harmful consequences that mobilize farmers, water managers, local authorities and scientific researchers. This study focuses on mapping and quantifying seasonal soil losses in the territory of the former Nord-Pas-de- Calais administrative region, using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) which incorporates five factors: rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, topography, land use and erosion control practices. The seasonal (3-months) time scale is chosen to better account for the parameters governing the soil water erosion, especially rainfall and vegetation cover, that show great asynchronous intra-annual variability. Also, high resolution data concerning agricultural plots allows to evaluate which type of culture are the more subject to soil losses. In Nord-Pas-de-Calais, water erosion occurs almost ubiquitously, but the areas characterized by steep slopes are the most at risk (Artois Hills and Flanders), with loss rates up to 54 t∙ha–1∙y–1. The majority of erosion occurs during fall (46% of the computed annual losses of 1.69∙Mt), on plots left bare after harvest (especially corn and beets crops). The study also demonstrates that extending the intercrop technique over the region, and therefore maintaining a fall and winter cover, could reduce the soil losses by 37%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wafae Nouaim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dimitri Rambourg
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohamed Merzouki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abderrazak El Harti
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ismail Karaoui
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Team of Remote Sensing and GIS Applied to Geosciences and Environment, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Av Med V, BP 591 Beni-Mellal 23000, Maroc
  2. Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg/EOST/ENGEES, CNRS UMR 7063, Strasbourg Cedex, France

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