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Abstract

The article describes how to identify the boundary and yield surface for hypoplastic constitutive equations proposed by Wu, Gudehus and Bauer. It is shown how to identify and plot the surfaces for any equation in this class. Calculation errors are analyzed characteristic for applied set of numerical formulas. In the paper there are computer links to the source code prepared in the MATLAB system, based on instructions in the article. A sample consitutive domains are shown, plotted using the attached computer program.

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Authors and Affiliations

Z. Sikora
P. Cieśla
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Abstract

The article discusses the role of the soil aggregate structure in quantifying the marginality and specialisation axes of the ecological niche of the micromollusc Vallonia pulchella (Muller 1774) that inhabits technosols. The experimental polygon consisted of 105 samples located within 7 transects (15 samples each). The distance between rows of sampling points was 3 m. The average density of V. pulchella was 1393 ind.∙m–2. The soil aggregate fraction of 1–5 mm was found to be predominant within the technosol. The spatial variation of aggregate fractions was characterised by a moderate level of the spatial dependence. It was impossible to choose an adequate covariance model from among the traditional ones to interpolate the spatial variation of aggregate fractions, and only the Matérn model was best suited. The axis of marginality and specialisation of the V. pulchella ecological niche projected in soil aggregate fractions was significantly different from a random alternative. The ecological niche of the V. pulchella was presented by integral variables, such as the axis of marginality and specialisation, which were the basis to build a map of the spatial variation of the habitat suitability index. The marginality of the V. pulchella ecological niche correlates with soil penetration resistance indicators at depths ranging from 0–5 to 20–25 cm, soil humidity, acidity, and aeration. The specialisation correlates with the soil mechanical impedance at 25–35 cm, nitrogen content, and the soil acidity regime.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ava Umerova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olexander Zhukov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nadezhda Yorkina
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Bogdan Khmelnitsky Melitopol State Pedagogical University, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Hetmanska st., 20, 72318, Melitopol, Ukraine
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Abstract

The paper includes experimental research using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar to determine dynamic compression curves and strength dynamic parameters to depend on the strain rate and moisture for silty sand soil samples. Those experiments are oedometric type based in a rigid confining cylinder. Samples of silty sand with fine a fraction content were taken for the study. To ensure sufficiently uniaxial strain of the tested material, the soil samples were placed in properly prepared casings made of duralumin for the needs of the tests. Thanks to the use of measuring strain gauges on the initiating and transmitting bars, as well as the casing, the nature of the loading pulse was obtained, which was then subjected to the process of filtration and data processing to obtain the nature of the incident, reflected and transmitted wave. During the above dynamic experiments with the representative of silty sand soils, it was observed that its dynamic compaction at a high strain rate is different than in the case of the Proctor test. This is due to higher compaction energy, which additionally changes the grain size by destroying the grains in the structure. The paper presents the results of particle size distribution analysis for two different types of soil samples - this type of analysis is unique. Hence experiments should be further continued for such soils with different granulations and various moisture using, for example, Hopkinson measuring bar technique to confirm for other silty sand soils that are often subgrade of various engineering objects.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Chmielewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Leopold Kruszka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ryszard Rekucki
1
Kamil Sobczyk
1

  1. Military University of Technology, Dept. of Military Engineering and Military Infrastructure, 2 Gen. Sylwester Kaliski Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

This paper discusses the influence of different sign conventions for strains and stresses, i.e. the solid mechanics sign convention and the soil mechanics sign convention, on the form of governing partial differential equations (the static equilibrium equations and the continuity equation) used to describe the wave-induced cyclic response of a poro-elastic seabed due to propagation of a sinusoidal surface water-wave. Some selected analytical solutions, obtained by different authors and published in specialist literature in the form of complex functions describing the wave-induced pore-fluid pressure, effective normal stress and shear stress oscillations in the seabed, have been analysed and compared with each other mainly with respect to different sign conventions for stains and stresses and also with regard to different orientations of the positive vertical axis of the two-dimensional coordinate system and different directions of surface water-wave propagation. The performed analyses of the analytical solutions has indicated many inaccuracies, or even evident errors and exemplary mistakes of wrong-signed values of basic wave-induced response parameters (the shear stress in particular), thereby disqualifying these solutions and their final equations from practical engineering applications. Most of the mistakes found in the literature must be linked to authors’ lack of understanding and consistency in an uniform application of a certain sign convention for strains and stresses in the soil matrix at both stages of mathematical formulation of the governing problem and correct interpretation of equations of the final analytical solution. The present paper, based mostly on a thorough literature review, ought to draw attention and arouse interest among coastal scientists and engineers in proper identification and use of the existing analytical solutions to the wave-induced cyclic seabed response – solutions which differ very often in the applied sign convention for stresses in the soil matrix.
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Authors and Affiliations

Waldemar Magda
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Geotechnical and Hydraulic Engineering, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland

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