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Determination of sowing density and row spacing on the susceptibility of lupine seeds to mechanical damage

Dagmara Migut Renata E. Tobiasz-Salach Barbara Stadnik Piotr Kuźniar
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | Special Issue | 156-163 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.143731
Keywords lupine seeds mechanical damage physical characteristics row spacing sowing density
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Abstract

Appropriate agrotechnical measures make it possible to optimise plant cultivation and obtain yields of the highest quality with an appropriate economic production index. The aim of the study was to evaluate different sowing density and row spacing on the morphological and mechanical properties of white lupine ( Lupinus albus L.) seeds. The field experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station for Variety Evaluation in Przecław (50°11'25.2" N, 21°28'55.0" E). The experiment was established at two row spacings (15 cm and 30 cm) and three sowing densities (60, 75, 90 plants per m 2). Mechanical parameters evaluated included destructive force FD (N), relative deformation DR (%) and destructive energy ED (mJ). Seed morphological properties such as weight, length and width were also assessed. Sphericity was also calculated. In the present study, improvements in the mechanical properties of the seeds were obtained by increasing the plant density per unit area of the experiment. In the case of morphological characteristics, only the weight of the analysed lupine seeds changed significantly as a result of row spacing. On the other hand, sowing density did not significantly affect morphological traits. of white lupine seeds. Apart from the spacing and sowing density of plants, the weather conditions in particular years of research were an important factor determining the properties of seeds. Determining the optimum sowing density and row spacing in the field contributes to the optimisation of the production process. Quasi-static mechanical tests are often used to obtain reasonable data on the physical properties of plant materials.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dagmara Migut
1
ORCID: ORCID
Renata E. Tobiasz-Salach
1
ORCID: ORCID
Barbara Stadnik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Kuźniar
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Rzeszow, Department of Crop Production, Zelwerowicz 4 St, Rzeszow, Poland
  2. University of Rzeszow, Department of Food and Agriculture Production Engineering, Rzeszow, Poland

Changes in oxidative stress markers in plasma of sows during periparturient period

M. Szczubiał
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2020 | vol. 23 | No 2 | 185-190 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2020.132764
Keywords oxidative stress markers lipid and protein peroxidation periparturient period plasma sows
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine changes in oxidative status in plasma of sows during periparturient period using markers of lipid and protein peroxidation intensity. Plasma from 12 pregnant gilts collected on days 14 and 1 before parturition and on days 1, 7 and 14 postpartum was used in the study. As indicators of alterations in the oxidative status, plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and sulphydryl groups (SH groups) were measured spectrophotometrically, as well as plasma concentrations of bityrosine and formylokinurenine were determined by the spectrofluorimetric method. Compared to the 14th day antepartum, the concentration of TBARS increased significantly on day 1 postpartum and then decreased significantly on days 7 and 14 after parturition. The concentration of SH groups increased significantly on the last day before parturition and decreased significantly on day 14 postpartum. The concentration of bityrosine increased significantly on the last day before parturition and decreased significantly on days 7 and 14 postpartum. The concentration of formylokinurenine increased significantly on the last day before parturition, remained at this level on the first day after parturition and then decreased slightly on days 7 and 14 postpartum. These results indicate that during periparturient period in sows, especially around the parturition, the oxidative/antioxidative balance is disturbed, which leads to oxidative stress. Considering that oxidative stress is potentially harmful for mothers and neonates, this may be an important factor in the increased risk of diseases occurring during this period.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Szczubiał

Germination biology and phenological development stages of false jagged-chickweed ( Lepyrodiclis holosteoides)

Mehdi Minbashi Moeini Eshagh Keshtkar Hamidreza Sasanfar Mohammad Ali Baghestani
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2021 | vol. 61 | No 4 | 347-357 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2021.139243
Keywords chilling treatment GA3 growing degree days (GDD) KNO3 sowing depth
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Abstract

False jagged-chickweed ( Lepyrodiclis holosteoides (C.A. Mey.) Fenzl ex Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) is an invasive weed species distributed in many regions of Iran. Scientific knowledge about the biology and ecology of false jagged-chickweed is rare. In a series of laboratory experiments, the effect of chilling treatments, potassium nitrate (KNO3), gibberellic acid (GA3), concentrations, temperature regimes, and sowing depths on seed germination and breaking seed dormancy of false jagged-chickweed was studied. In two field experiments the phenology of false jagged-chickweed and winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum) was also compared. Chilling treatment for 15 days, a KNO3 concentration of 30 μmolar and a GA3 concentration of 144 μmolar increased germination percentage and germination rate. However, chilling treatment for 15 days did not increase germination rate as well as the KNO3 and GA3 treatments. A quadratic polynomial model predicted that the optimum temperature giving the maximum germination percentage was 22°C. Seedlings emerged in a range of sowing depths from 0 to 8 cm, while no seedling emergence occurred at sowing depths greater than 10 cm. Based on a Gaussian model, the optimum sowing depth was predicted to be 3.9 cm. False jagged-chickweed required higher growing degree days (GDD) for seedling emergence than winter wheat, while the flowering stage of false jagged-chickweed occurred earlier than winter wheat. Results achieved in the present study are of interest not only for studying other life cycle aspects of this species but also as basic information for developing management strategies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mehdi Minbashi Moeini
1
Eshagh Keshtkar
2
Hamidreza Sasanfar
1
Mohammad Ali Baghestani
1
  1. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
  2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Prospects for the use of microwave energy in grain crop seeding

Fedor A. Kipriyanov Petr A. Savinykh Alexey Yu. Isupov Yulia A. Plotnikova Natalia A. Medvedeva Svetlana V. Belozerova
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 74-78 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137098
Keywords disinfection microwave drying microwave energy microwave use on plants pre-sowing treatment
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Abstract

This study looks at determining the main trends in the application of microwaves on plants in agricultural production in the processing of grain material, it provides examples of their effectiveness and an overview of the use of microwaves on plants available on the Russian market. Additionally, the research studied the experience and developments of leading scien-tists in the field of microwave radiation. Analysis of the available sources provided information on the positive effect of microwave radiation in the processing of crops. The use of microwaves on plants during drying destroys pathogens and bacteria, in particular, microwave processing of red lentils reduces grey mould damage by up to 30%. Positive results are also noted in the microwave processing of other crops, providing an increase in germination capacity of up to 7% and yield growth of up to 6%. The microwave plant market in Russia is represented mainly by dryers, and the use of microwaves on plants combining several functions of drying, disinfection, and pre-sowing stimulation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Fedor A. Kipriyanov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Petr A. Savinykh
2
ORCID: ORCID
Alexey Yu. Isupov
2
Yulia A. Plotnikova
1
Natalia A. Medvedeva
1
Svetlana V. Belozerova
1
  1. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Vologda State Dairy Farming Academy, st. Schmidt, 2, 160555, Molochnoe, Vologda, Russia
  2. Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East, Kirov, Russian Federation

Photosynthesis, yielding and quality of pea seeds depending on the row spacing and sowing density

Renata E. Tobiasz-Salach Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek Dagmara Migut Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro Barbara Stadnik Miroslava Kačániová
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | Special Issue | 146-155 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.143730
Keywords Pisum sativum L. photosynthesis efficiency protein content row spacing sowing density
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Abstract

Pea is one of the most important legumes grown in the world. The seeds are used for food production and animal feed. The problem with its cultivation is the low yield and sensitivity to the course of the weather. The important factor is to determine the optimal sowing rate and row spacing, especially for new cultivars of pea. Therefore, research was undertaken to assess the effect of row spacing and sowing density on selected physiological parameters, yielding, and structural elements of peas cv. ‘Batuta’ in Poland. The results of the research showed that the row spacing and sowing density determine the values of plant physiological parameters, yield of pea seeds and protein content. The increase in plant density in the canopy caused a decrease in the measured parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence, such as maximum quantum yield of photosystem II ( Fv/Fm) and maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry ( Fv/F0) and performance index ( PI). The leaf area index ( LAI) was lower with a wider row spacing. Row spacing and plant density determined yield of pea seeds, number of pods and seeds per plant and weight of seeds per plant. Wider row spacing resulted in a decrease in the protein content in seeds, while an increase in sowing density from 70 to 110 m 2 caused its increase. The course of the weather during the vegetation period of plants significantly influenced the obtained results.
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Authors and Affiliations

Renata E. Tobiasz-Salach
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dagmara Migut
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro
1
ORCID: ORCID
Barbara Stadnik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Miroslava Kačániová
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Rzeszow, Department of Crop Production, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
  2. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Department of Fruit Science, Viticulture and Enology, Nitra, Slovakia

Climate change necessitates a change in the cultivation date of caraway ( Carum carvi L.)

Mostafa Fathi Ibrahim Muhammad Moaaz Ali Sobhi F. Lamlom Hazem M. Kalaji Ahmed F. Yousef
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 54 | 38-47 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.141553
Keywords climate change condiments leafy vegetables sowing time vegetative growth volatile oil
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Abstract

By 2050, global crop demand is projected to rise by 60–110%. Crop yields have also been impacted by climate change in some nations, and these impacts are likely to continue. To prevent the influence of climate change on crop output, it is critical to adjust planting times in weather-related open fields to meet food security concerns. Present study was carried out at Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt, during two successive seasons, 2019 and 2020. It was aimed to study the effect of different sowing times (1st and 15th October, 1st and 15th November), and plant spacings (25, 20, and 15 cm) on growth, fruit yield, and oil production of caraway ( Carum carvi L.) plants. The results showed that sowing caraway plants on 15th October with plant spacing of 25 cm gave the highest dry weight (72.6 g∙plant –1), fresh weight (266.15 g∙plant –1), seed yield (37.43 g∙plant –1), and oil yield (0.659 cm3∙plant –1). The maximum umbels (50.83 number per plant) and essential oil (1.78%) were also recorded in the plants receiving same treatment. On the other hand, plants sown at 15th November with spacing of 15 cm exhibited the minimum values of recorded traits. While the highest value of plant height gave with sowing caraway plants on 15th October with plant spacing of 15 cm (135.35 cm). In conclusion, the plants sowed on October 15th with a maximum plant spacing of 25 cm had the highest values of the evaluated morphological, biochemical, and yield attributes of caraway.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mostafa Fathi Ibrahim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Muhammad Moaaz Ali
2
ORCID: ORCID
Sobhi F. Lamlom
3
ORCID: ORCID
Hazem M. Kalaji
4 5
ORCID: ORCID
Ahmed F. Yousef
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Al-Azhar (branch Assiut), College of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Assiut 71524, Egypt
  2. Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, College of Horticulture, Fuzhou, China
  3. Alexandria University, Faculty of Agriculture Saba Basha, Plant Production Department, Alexandria, Egypt
  4. Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Institute of Biology, Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw, Poland
  5. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland

The effects of lack of movement in sows during pregnancy period on cortisol, acute phase proteins and lymphocytes proliferation level in piglets in early postnatal period

M. Kulok K. Wojtas M. Ciorga Z. Pejsak R. Kołacz
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 85-92 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.136796
Keywords lack of movement gestation crates sows stress piglets cortisol acute phaseprotein immunity
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Abstract

Prolonged exposure to stress may cause adverse effects on animal physiology. It is especially important during the gestation period as female physiology can affect the unborn offspring in the form of prenatal stress. Intensive pig farming industry developed gestation crates that enable to keep sows during gestation period in small stalls which do not allow animals to move freely for a maximum of 4 weeks after successful insemination (Council Directive 2008/120/EC). Although these crates have production advantages, many health and welfare issues have been raised recently. In this study we tested to what extent the lack of movement of sows kept in the gestation crates had an impact on some blood and saliva constituents of new-born piglets. In total, the samples were collected from 80 piglets when they were 3, 7 and 21 days of age and tested for cortisol levels in blood and saliva, acute phase proteins (amyloid A, C-reactive protein, haptoglobin) and lymphocytes proliferation index (in response to ConA, PHA and PWM). 40 piglets were from sows kept in free movement housing (FM group) from day 1 to day 100 of pregnancy and forty piglets were from sows in the movement restriction group (MR), in which the sows were kept in crates just allowing them to stand up and lie down from day 1 to day 100 of the pregnancy (research was conducted before the implementation Directive 2008/120/EC i.e. January 1,2013). The results of the study showed that the piglets delivered by sows kept under movement restriction conditions exhibited higher cortisol and acute phase protein levels as well as a lower lymphocytes proliferation index. This suggests that lack of movement in sows during the gestation period influences piglets’ physiology and indicates that the piglets are suffering from prenatal stress caused by insufficient housing conditions of their mothers potentially leading to poor health and welfare of their offspring.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Kulok
1
K. Wojtas
2
M. Ciorga
3
Z. Pejsak
4
R. Kołacz
3
  1. Veterinary Clinic, Lisiny 33, 63-604 Baranów, Poland
  2. Compassion in World Farming International, River Court, Mill Lane, Godalming, Surrey GU7 1EZ, United Kingdom
  3. Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
  4. University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

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