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Abstract

An optimal sensor placement methodology is implemented and herein proposed for SHM model-assisted design and analysis purposes. The kernel of this approach analysis is a genetic-based algorithm providing the sensor network layout by optimizing the probability of detection (PoD) function while, in this preliminary phase, a classic strain energy approach is adopted as well established damage detection criteria. The layout of the sensor network is assessed with respect to its own capability of detection, parameterized through the PoD. A distributed fiber optic strain sensor is adopted in order to get dense information of the structural strain field. The overall methodology includes an original user-friendly graphical interface (GUI) that reduces the time-to-design costs needs. The proposed methodology is preliminarily validated for isotropic and anisotropic elements.

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Bibliography

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[8] X. Bao and L. Chen. Recent progress in Brillouin scattering based fiber sensors. Sensors, 11(4):4152–4187, 2011. doi: 10.3390/s110404152.
[9] L. Maurin, P. Ferdinand, F. Nony, and S. Villalonga. OFDR distributed strain measurements for SHM of hydrostatic stressed structures: an application to high pressure hydrogen storage type IV composite vessels – H2E Project. 7th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, pages 930–937, Nantes, France, 8–11 July, 2014.
[10] O. Shapira, U. Ben-Simon, A. Bergman, S. Shoham, B. Glam, I. Kressel, T. Yehoshula, and M. Tur. Structural health monitoring of a UAV fleet using fiber optic distributed strain sensing. International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, Stanford, CA, USA, 1–3 September, 2015. doi: 10.12783/SHM2015/371.
[11] J. Li, R.K. Kapania, andW. B. Spillman. Placement optimization of distributed-sensing fiber optic sensors using genetic algorithms, AIAA Journal, 46(4):824–836, 2008. doi: 10.2514/1.25090.
[12] H. Li, H. Yang, and S.-L.J, Hu. Modal strain energy decomposition method for damage localization in 3D frame structures. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 132(9):41–951, 2006. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2006)132:9(941).
[13] H.-W. Hu and C.-B. Wu. Non-destructive damage detection of two dimensional plate structures using modal strain energy method. Journal of Mechanics, 24(4):319–332, 2008. doi: 10.1017/S1727719100002458.
[14] Z.Y. Shi, S.S. Law, and L.M. Zhang. Improved damage quantification from elemental modal strain energy change. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 128(5):521–529, 2002. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2002)128:5(521).
[15] M. Ciminello, A. Concilio, B. Galasso, and F.M. Pisano. Skin-stringer debonding detection using distributed dispersion index features. Structural Health Monitoring, 17(5):1245–1254, 2018. doi: 10.1177/1475921718758980.
[16] P.O. Mensah-Bonsu. Computer-aided Engineering Tools for Structural Health Monitoring under Operational Conditions. Master’s Thesis, University of Connecticut, USA, 2012. https://digitalcommons.uconn.edu/gs_theses/278.
[17] R. Mason, L.A. Ginter, M. Singleton, V.F. Hock, R.G Lampo, and S.C. Sweeney. A novel integrated monitoring system for structural health management of military infrastructure, Proceedings of Department of Defense Corrosion Conference, 2009.
[18] S. Beskhyroun. Graphical interface toolbox for modal analysis. Proceedings of the Ninth Pacific Conference on Earthquake Engineering: Building an Earthquake-Resilient Society, Auckland New Zealand, 14–16 April 2011.
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Authors and Affiliations

Salvatore Ameduri
1
Monica Ciminello
1
Ignazio Dimino
1
Antonio Concilio
1
Alfonso Catignani
2
Raimondo Mancinelli
2

  1. Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali, CIRA, Capua, Italy.
  2. Universitá degli Studi di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italy.
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Abstract

The study of the geometry for worm-gearing is much more complicated than that of plane gearing, since worm-gearing is three-dimensional. A numerical method to determine the conjugate profile of worm-gearing tooth is developed. The software, with numerical set-up and graphic display, is an original and special program, and it could be adopted for the geometry of any kind of cylindrical worm-gearings, as well as for spur gearings and bevel gearings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Daniela Ghelase
Luiza Daschievici
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Abstract

The paper presents a solution of the control system for fatigue test stand MZGS-100 PL, comprising the integrated Real-Time controller based on FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) technology with LabVIEW software. The described control system performs functions such as continuous regulation of speed induction motor, measuring strain of the lever machine and the test specimen, displacement of the polyharmonic vibrator, as well as the elimination of interferences, overload protection and emergency stop of the machine. The fatigue test stand also allows to set the pseudo-random history of energy parameter W(t).

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Macek
Ewald Macha

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Abstract

A DIRECT APPROACH to the problem of the separation of elastic strain energy in the case of generally anisotropic materials is described in the present work. It is based on a simple analysis of the strain tensor into a spherical and a deviatoric one. A definition of dilatational and distortional elastic strain densities is introduced, based on the consideration of the geometrical response of a material. Through the generalized Hooke's law, analytic expressions are obtained for the generally anisotropic materials. The present results coincide with the only available in the literature data for anisotropic materials with cubic symmetry. In addition, an application for transversally isotropic materials is presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

N. P. Andrianopoulos
V. C. Boulougouris
A. P. Iliopoulos
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Abstract

The paper deals with a composite element in which the matrix is reinforced with two families of parallel continuous fibres inclined to the x1 axis at the angles n1 and n2. The stress and strain states were determined in an element subjected to normal and tangential loads. The problem of two-criteria optimization is considered. Minimum strain energy and minimum cost of composite element were chosen as criteria. The strain energy is determined with respect to the system of principal axes of stress. Three independent variables: the angle directing the first family of fibres, the angle between two families and volume fraction of fibres are selected as the design variables. Examining particular load cases in composites made with epoxy resin reinforced with carbon fibres elements and in high performance fibre reinforced cementitious composite elements, optimum solutions have been determined in the sense of assumed criteria.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Marks
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Abstract

In the present paper, the excavation of the energetic approach that estimates the fatigue crack initiation life of metal is conducted for H62 brass. The benefit of the energetic approach is the division of the actual applied strain range Δε into two parts, that is, a damage strain range Δεd that induces fatigue damage within the metal, and an undamaged strain range Δεc, which does not produce fatigue damage of the metal and corresponds to theoretical strain fatigue limit. The brightness of this approach is that the undamaged strain range Δεc can be estimated by the fundamental conventional parameters of metal in tensile test. The result indicated that the fatigue crack initiation life of H62 brass can be estimated by this approach successfully.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Zheng
1
ORCID: ORCID
S. Zhang
1
ORCID: ORCID
X.J. Peng
1
ORCID: ORCID
Y. Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Northwest University, School of Chemical Engineering, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
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Abstract

This paper is focused on investigating the mechanisms associated with different failure modes of copper (C101) sandwich panels with honeycomb cores of different heights subjected to flexural loading. Honeycomb core is made up of copper strips which were formed to required shapes using Dies fabricated by Electric Discharge Wire cut machining technique. All the joints in the sandwich panel were established through Brazing technique. Three-point bending test was conducted as per ASTM standard C-393. It was observed that increase in height of the core resulted in panels with higher strength to weight ratio. It also exhibited higher stiffness to weight ratio and very high strain energy absorption ability. An increase in flexural strength was reported with a maximum of 43% improvement for 10.9 mm core compared to 6.9 mm core. Further, 81.75% increase in absorbed strain energy was reported for 10.9 mm thick panel compared to 6.9 mm. The Optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed the establishment of good bonding between the filler and the substrate. Energy-dispersive Spectroscopic (EDS) analysis revealed the presence of Cu, Al, Zn, SiO2 and CaCO3 in the substrate. Further it also revealed the presence of Cu, CaCO3 and GaP in the filler material. The failure mode map was constructed which can be used for predicting different types of failures more likely to occur for specific parameters of copper sandwich panel. The dominant failures occurred during testing was in good agreement with the prediction done through failure mode map. The appreciable results in the proposed research may be supportive in construction of cooling system. The structure development and process control are convenient in mass production in automobile industries.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Vino
1
ORCID: ORCID
K. Kalaichelvan
1
ORCID: ORCID
S. Sajith
2
ORCID: ORCID
G. Kumaresan
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Anna University, Department of Ceramics, AC Techcampus, Chennai, India
  2. Anna University, Department of Aerospace Engineering, MIT Campus, Chennai, India
  3. Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sathya Mangalam, Erode – 638 401, India
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Abstract

In order to improve the toughness of traditional epoxy resin, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was introduced into the epoxy resin. The static mechanical performance of plasticized and unplasticized epoxy resin was evaluated. The test results showed that the DBP modified epoxy resin can obtain a higher toughness than conventional epoxy resin, but the elastic modulus and the tensile strength were slightly reduced. The low cycle fatigue test results indicated that the stress ratio and the stress level were two critical factors of fatigue life, which was increased with the growth of stress ratio. It was also found that the fatigue life of plasticized specimen was much less than that of the unplasticized specimen because of the plastic deformation. A logarithmic linear relationship was then established to predict the fatigue life for plasticized epoxy resin. The strain energy density was also applied to demonstrate the accumulation of energy loss. In addition, the fatigue toughness can be obtained by the hysteresis loop area method.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zhi Wang
Jiajia Zhou
Linjian Song
Long Li

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