Search results

Filters

  • Journals
  • Authors
  • Keywords
  • Date
  • Type

Search results

Number of results: 2
items per page: 25 50 75
Sort by:
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the levels of milk cell total protein (TP), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), total glutathione (tGSH), activities of glucose-6-phos- phate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in subclinical mastitic cows. Milk from each udder was collected and grouped by the California Mastitis Test. Then, a somatic cell count (SCC) was performed, and the groups were re-scored as control (5–87 × 103 cells), 1st group (154–381 × 103 cells), 2nd group (418–851 × 103 cells), 3rd group (914–1958 × 103 cells), and 4th group (2275–8528 × 103 cells). Milk cell TP, NADPH, tGSH levels, G6PD, and GPx ac- tivities were assessed. Microbiological diagnosis and aerobic mesophyle general organism (AMG, cfu/g) were also conducted. In mastitic milk, TP, NADPH, and tGSH levels, and G6PD and GPx activities were significantly reduced per cell (in samples of 106 cells). In addition, milk SCC was positively correlated with AMG (r=0.561, p<0.001), NADPH (r=0.380, p<0.01), TP (r=0.347, p<0.01) and G6PD (r=0.540, p<0.001). There was also positive correlation between NADPH (r=0.428, p<0.01), TP (r=0.638, p<0.001) and AMG. NADPH was positively correlated with TP (r=0.239, p<0.05), GPx (r=0.265, p<0.05) and G6PD (r=0.248, p=0.056). Total protein was positively correlated with tGSH (r=0.354, p<0.01) and G6PD (r=0.643, p<0.001). There was a negative correlation between tGSH and GPx activity (r=-0.306, p<0.05). The microbiological analysis showed the following ratio of pathogens: Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci 66.6%, Streptococcus spp 9.5%, Bacillus spp 9.5%, yeast 4.8%, and mixed infections 9.5%.

As a conclusion, when evaluating the enzyme and oxidative stress parameters in milk, it is more suitable to assign values based on cell count rather than ml of milk. The linear correlation between the SCC and AMG, milk cell NADPH, TP and G6PD suggests that these parameters could be used as markers of mastitis.

Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

P.P. Akalin
Y. Ergün
N. Başpinar
G. Doğruer
A. Küçükgül
Z. Cantekin
M. İşgör
M. Saribay
E. Koldaş
A. Baştan
S. Salar
S. Pehlivanlar
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Mastitis is one of the most crucial diseases of dairy animals. Especially subclinical mastitis (SCM) has negative impacts on of dairy economy in term of reducing milk quality and quantity also premature culling and cost of therapy. Staphylococci are important etiological agents in SCM. The aim of the study was to investigate the biofilm production and antibiotic resistance profiles of Staphylococcus spp. other than S. aureus isolated from milks of Anatolian water buffalo with subclinical mastitis. Twenty-two coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) identified phenotypically were also identified with PCR as Staphylococcus spp. other than S. aureus. Biofilm productions were investigated both by Congo Red Agar Method and PCR. The antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates were determined by Disc Diffusion Method and they were antibiotyped. Only three (13.6%) isolates were biofilm positive both phenotypically and genotypically. All isolates except for two were resistant against at least two antibiotics. Multidrug-resistance among the isolates was low (13.6%). Antibiotyping results showed that the similarities among the strains were between 30-100%. Genotyping of the strains revealed that a genetic heterogeneity was found among CNS isolates and their similarities were between 43% and 93%. In conclusion, CNS isolates identified as subclinical mastitis agents in buffaloes showed a high antibiotic resistance profile especially against oxacillin and vancomycin. Further studies should be conducted to investigate new mechanisms and/or genes responsible for antibiotic resistance in buffaloes.
Go to article

Bibliography

Aslantaş Ö, Yılmaz MA, Yılmaz EŞ, Kurekci C (2014) Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and SCCmec types of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci from subclinical bovine mastitis in Hatay, Turkey. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 58: 563-566.
Athar M (2006) Preparation and evaluation of inactivated polyvalent vaccines for the control of mastitis in dairy buffaloes. PhD Dissertation Dept. Vet. Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Univ. Agri., Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Ba X, Harrison EM, Edwards GF, Holden MT, Larsen, AR, Petersen A, Skov RL, Peacock SJ, Parkhill J, Paterson GK, Holmes MA (2014) Novel mutations in penicillin-binding protein genes in clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates that are methicillin resistant on susceptibility testing, but lack the mec gene. J Antimicrob Chemother 69: 594-597.
Becker K, Heilmann C, Peters G (2014) Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci. Clin 246 Microbiol Rev 27: 870-926.
Borghese A, Mazzi M (2005) Buffalo population and strategies in the world. In: Borghese A (ed) Buffalo production and research. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy pp 1-41.
Boye K, Bartels MD, Andersen IS, Moller JA, Westh H (2007) A new multiplex PCR for easy screening of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SCCmec types I-V. Clin Microbiol Infect 13: 725-727.
Bradley A (2002) Bovine mastitis: an evolving disease. Vet J 164: 116-128.
Chen XP, Li WG, Zheng H, Du HY, Zhang L, Zhang L, Che J, Wu Y, Liu SM, Lu JX (2017) Extreme diversity and multiple SCCmec elements in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus found in the Clinic and Community in Beijing, China. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 16: 57.
Ciftci A, Findik A, Onuk EE, Savasan S (2009) Detection of methicillin resistance and slime factor production of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine mastitis. Braz J Microbiol 40: 254-261.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2019) Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, 29th ed. CLSI document M100. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA. https://community.clsi.org/media/2663/m100ed29_sample.pdf
Dezfulian A, Aslani MM, Oskoui M, Farrokh P, Azimirad M, Dabiri H, Salehian MT, Zali MR (2012) Identification and characterization of a high vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus harboring VanA gene cluster isolated from diabetic foot ulcer. Iran J Basic Med Sci 15: 803-806 Ergun Y, Aslantas O, Doğruer G, Kirecci E, Sarıbay MK, Ates CT, Ulku A, Demir C (2009) Prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis in awassi dairy ewes in southern Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 33: 477-483.
Findik A, Akan N, Onuk EE, Çakıroğlu D, Ciftci A (2009) Methicillin resistance profile and molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from noses of the healthy dogs. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 15: 925-930.
Fitzgerald JR, Hartigan PJ, Meaney WJ, Smyth CJ (2000) Molecular population and virulence factor analysis of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine intramammary infection. J Appl Microbiol 88: 1028-1037.
Gentilini E, Denamiel G, Betancor A, Rebuelto M, Fermepin RM, De Torres RA (2002) Antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis in Argentina. J Dairy Sci 85: 1913-1917.
Gulhan T, Boynukara B, Ciftci A, Sogut MU, Findik A (2015) Characterization of Enterococcus faecalis isolates originating from different sources for their virulence factors and genes, antibiotic resistance patterns, genotypes and biofilm production. Iran J Vet Res 16: 261-266.
Hanssen AM, Sollid JU (2006) SCCmecin staphylococci: genes on the move. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 46: 8-20.
Harrison EM, Paterson GK, Holden MT, Ba X, Rolo J, Morgan FJ, Pichon B, Kearns A, Zadoks RN, Peacock SJ, Parkhill J, Holmes MA (2014) A novel hybrid SCCmec- -mecC region in Staphylococcus sciuri. J Antimicrob Chemother 69: 911-918.
İnegol E, Türkyılmaz S (2012) Determination of SCCmec types in methicillin resistant staphylococci isolated from cows and farm workers. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg 59: 89-93.
Hiramatsu K, Kihara H, Yokota T (1992) Analysis of borderlineresistant strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using polymerase chain reaction. Microbiol Immunol 36: 445-453.
Morandi S, Brasca M, Lodi R, Brusetti L, Andrighetto C, Lombardi A (2010) Biochemical profiles, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) for typing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dairy products. Res Vet Sci 88: 427-435.
Özenç E, Vural MR, Seker E, Uçar M (2008) An evaluation of subclinical mastitis during lactation in Anatolian buffaloes. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 32: 359-368.
Palazzo IC, Araujo ML, Darini AL (2005) First Report of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococci Isolated from Healthy Carriers in Brazil. J Clin Microbiol 43: 179-185.
Pamuk Ş, Şeker E, Yıldırım Y (2010) Antibiotic resistance of coagulase negative Staphylococci isolated from buffalo milk and some milk products. Kocatepe Vet J 3: 7-12.
Partridge SR, Kwong SM, Firth N, Jensen SO (2018) Mobile Genetic Elements Associated with Antimicrobial Resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 31: e00088-17.
Petinaki E, Arvaniti A, Bartzavali C, Dimitracopoulos G, Spiliopoulou I (2002) Presence of mec Genes and Overproduction of Beta-Lactamase in the Expression of Low-Level Methicillin Resistance among Staphylococci. Chemotherapy 48: 174-181.
Pyörala S, Taponen S (2009) Coagulase-negative staphylococci-Emerging mastitis pathogens. Vet Microbiol 134: 3-8.
Qu Y, Zhao H, Nobrega DB, Cobo ER, Han B, Zhao Z, Li S, Li M, Barkema HW, Gao J (2018) Molecular epidemiology and distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes of Staphylococcus species isolated from Chinese dairy cows with clinical mastitis. J Dairy Sci 102: 1571-1583.
Raza A, Muhammad G, Sharif S, Atta A (2013) Biofilm producing Staphylococcus aureus and bovine mastitis: a review. Mol Microbiol Res 33: 1-8.
Reinoso E, Bettera S, Ferigerio C, DiRenzo M, Calozari A, Bongi C (2004) RAPD-PCR analysis of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine and human hosts. Microbiol Res 159: 245-255.
Ruppe E, Barbier F, Mesli Y, Maiga A, Cojocaru R, Benkhalfat M, Benchouk S, Hassaine H, Maiga I, Diallo A, Koumare AK, Ouattara K, Soumare S, Dufourcq JB, Nareth C, Sarthou JL, Andremont A, Ruimy R (2009) Diversity of Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec structures in methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains among outpatients from four countries. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53: 442-449.
Saber H, Jasni AS, Jamaluddin TZ, Ibrahim R (2017) A review of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) species. Malays J Med Sci 24: 7-18
Sawant AA, Gillespie BE, Oliver SP (2009) Antimicrobial susceptibility of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species isolated from bovine milk. Vet Microbiol 134: 73-81.
Schalm OW, Carroll EJ, Jain NC (1971) Bovine mastitis. Bovine mastitis. LeaFebiger, Philadelphia USA. Siebert WT, Moreland N, Williams TW (1979) Synergy of vancomycin plus cefazolin or cephalothin against methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Infect Dis 139: 452-457.
Sudhan NA, Sharma N (2010) Mastitis: An important production disease of dairy animals. Smvs’ Dairy Year Book pp 72-88. Sujatha S, Praharaj I (2012) Glycopeptide resistance in Gram-positive cocci: a review. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2012: 781679
Taponen S, Pyörälä S (2009) Coagulase-negative staphylococci as cause of bovine mastitis-Not so different from Staphylococcus aureus? Vet Microbiol 134: 29-36.
Taponen S, Simojoki H, Haveri M, Larsen HD, Pyörälä S (2006) Clinical characteristics and persistence of bovine mastitis caused by different species of coagulase-negative staphylococci identified with API or AFLP. Vet Microbiol 115: 199-207.
Thorberg B (2008) Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Bovine Sub-Clinical Mastitis. Licentiate Thesis Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Report no. 2.
Turutoğlu H, Ercelik S, Ozturk D (2006) Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis. Bull Vet Ins Pulawy 50: 41-45.
Versalovic J, Lupski JR (2002) Molecular detection and genotyping of pathogens: more accurate and rapid answers. Trends Microbiol 10: S15-21. Vurucu N, Savaşan S, Sezener MG (2019) Determination of Virulence Genes and Genetic Similarities of Mastitic Milk Originated Escherichia coli Isolates. J Agri Life Sci 2: 31-35.
Wielders CL, Vriens MR, Brisse S, De Graaf-Miltenburg LA, Troelstra A, Fleer A, Schmitz FJ, Verhoef J, Fluit AC (2001) Evidence for in-vivo transfer of mecA DNA between strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet 357: 1674-1675.
Xu Z, Shah HN, Misra R, Chen J, Zhang W, Liu Y, Cutler RR, Mkrtchyan HV (2018) The prevalence, antibiotic resistance and mecA characterization of coagulase negative staphylococci recovered from non-healthcare settings in London, UK. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 7: 73.
Yazdani R, Oshaghi M, Havayi A, Pishva E, Salehi R, Sadeghizadeh M, Foroohesh H (2006) Detection of icaAD gene and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from wound infections. Iranian J Publ Health 35: 25-28.
Zare S, Derakhshandeh A, Haghkhah M, Naziri Z, Broujeni AM (2019) Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus from different sources by RAPD-PCR analysis. Heliyon 5: e02231.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

H. Gurler
1
A. Findik
2
M.G. Sezener
2

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey
  2. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis, Samsun, Turkey

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more