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Abstract

We talk to Dr. Zofia Boni from the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań about childhood, food and family lives.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zofia Boni
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Abstract

Weeds in sweet corn reduce the yield and are economically more harmful than other pests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mechanical weed control and efficacy of pre- and postemergence applied herbicides in sweet corn, and their influence on weed control expressed by various indices, corncob yield and net return. Field studies were carried out with preemergence thiencarbazone-methyl + isoxaflutole (at 29.7 + 74.3 g · ha –1), postemergence S-metolachlor + terbuthylazine (937.5 + 562.5 g · ha –1), mesotrione + terbuthylazine (100 + 652 g · ha –1), terbuthylazine + mesotrione + S-metolachlor (656.3 + + 131.3 + 1093.8 g · ha –1), weed free (WF, hand weeding), and mechanical weeding (MW, hoeing) to assess weed control, corncob yield and net return. Variability in potential yield losses was observed between years due to weather conditions at the level of 30 to even 93%. Hand weeding was the most effective, but it is expensive and needs is labour consuming, unlike mechanical weeding which was the cheapest but simultaneously the least effective. Among pre- and postemergence applied herbicides, a mixture of terbuthylazine + mesotrione + S-metolachlor was the most efficacious weed control treatment. It gave high corncob yield and economic net return.
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Authors and Affiliations

Robert Idziak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hubert Waligóra
1
ORCID: ORCID
Violetta Szuba
1

  1. Department of Agronomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Abstract

Easy-to-handle and effective methods of juice clarification and concentration by membrane technologies are still under exploration. The current article presents results of research on the technological development of an alternative natural sweetener of high biological value and improved organoleptic properties. Sorghum saccharatum stem juice is used in research. It is pre-clarified enzymatically with α-amylase and glucoamylase, clarified by ultrafiltration, and concentrated by the direct contact membrane distillation in various temperature ranges. The study shows the efficacy of membrane methods for improving juice purity, total soluble solids ( TSS), and total sugar (TS) content in the syrup obtained. Clarification depends on membrane characteristics at the beginning of the process, as there are no differences at the end of it. Juice concentration at high-temperature differences allows to accelerate the process by approx. 60% comparing to low-temperature differences. A lower temperature difference ( ΔТ = 20–30°С) in the concentration process results in a longer process and syrup acidisation, whereas a higher temperature difference ( ΔТ = 70°С) affects physicochemical properties of syrup due to local overheating and formation of Maillard reaction products. The juice concentration at ΔТ = 50–60°С allows to obtain high values of total soluble solids without significant degradation of physicochemical and organoleptic properties.
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Authors and Affiliations

Vadym Chibrikov
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Polina Vakuliuk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Nataliia Hryhorenko
3
Sergiy Gunko
4
ORCID: ORCID
Henryk Sobczuk
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lublin, Poland
  2. National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Kyiv, Ukraine
  3. Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the NAAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
  4. National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
  5. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Ave. Hrabska, 3, 05-090, Falenty, Poland

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