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Number of results: 317
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Abstract

Industry 4.0 is expected to provide high quality and customized products at lower costs by increasing efficiency, and hence create a competitive advantage in the manufacturing industry. As the emergence of Industry 4.0 is deeply rooted in the past industrial revolutions, Advanced Manufacturing Technologies of Industry 3.0 are the precursors of the latest Industry 4.0 technologies. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of technological evolution of manufacturing industry based on the relationship between the usage levels of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies and Industry 4.0 technologies. To this end, a survey was conducted with Turkish manufacturers to assess and compare their manufacturing technology usage levels. The survey data collected from 424 companies was analyzed by machine learning approach. The results of the study reveal that the implementation level of each Industry 4.0 technology is positively associated with the implementation levels of a set of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tuğba Sari
1

  1. Konya Food and Agriculture University, Department of Management Information Systems, Turkey
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Abstract

Stanisław Lem is mostly known as a sci-fi writer and not widely perceived as a visionary of the cyber age, despite the fact that he foresaw the future of information technology better than most scientific experts. Indeed, his visions of future information- based societies have proved to be remarkably accurate. Lem’s stories fuse together elements of fantasy, philosophy, and science, but what we can really learn from them is the nature of humanity, technology, and philosophy, as well as the values of technological prophecies. Moreover, Lem gave birth to, without naming it as such, the concept of philosophy in technology, which is a perspective on technology and philosophy that explores the deep implicit philosophical foundations of technology and humanity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Polak
1
Roman Krzanowski
1

  1. The Pontifical University of John Paul II, Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

Dr. Naomi Mandel from Israel, one of this year’s fellows of the Polish Institute of Advanced Studies (PIASt), studies how culture informs technology and, vice-versa, how technology informs culture.

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Authors and Affiliations

Naomi Mandel
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Abstract

One of the basic requirements of the paradigm of sustainable architecture is the use of materials and building systems characterized by low embodied energy. The aim of this paper is to examine the problem of rational design for lower embodied energy of building components and details. To raise the suitable competence of building professionals and stakeholders, the paper recommends some ways of approach to these issues. The reduction in the quantity of applied materials, so called dematerialization, the use of low energy materials for construction, reduced maintenance works, less frequent exchange of components and materials during the building operation, and their higher durability lead to better results in this regard. Some exemplary practical applications of such approach to design of contemporary buildings using the state-of-the art technologies, which strive to be in line with the requirements for sustainability, as well as some other being contradictory to them, have been covered in this paper.
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Bibliography

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[2] L. Oberfrancová, J. Legény, and R. Špacek, “Critical thinking in teaching sustainable architecture”, World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, vol. 17, no. 2, 2019.
[3] M. Hegger, M. Fuchs, T. Stark, M. Zeumer, “Energy manual”, Sustainable Architecture, Birkhauser, Basel, 2008.
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[5] M.K. Dixit, “Life cycle recurrent embodied energy calculation of buildings: A review”, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 209. pp. 731–754, 2019.
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[7] S. El Khouli, V. John, and M. Zeumer, “Sustainable construction techniques. From structural design to interior fit-out: assessing and improving the environmental impact of buildings”, Edition Detail Green Books, Munich, Germany, 2015.
[8] A. Stephan, Ch.A. Jensen, and R.H. Crawford, “Improving the life cycle energy performance of apartment units through façade design”, Procedia Engineering, vol. 196, pp. 1003–1010, 2016.
[9] A. Rauf, “The effect of building and material service life on building life cycle embodied energy”, The University of Melbourne, pp. 140–148, 2017.
[10] A.M. Moncaster and J.Y. Song, “A comparative review of existing data and methodologies for calculating embodied energy and carbon of buildings”, International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development, vol. 3, no. 1, 2017.
[11] M.K. Dixit, “Embodied energy and cost of building materials: correlation analysis”, Building Research and Information, vol. 45, no. 5, 2017.
[12] R.M. Eufrasio, “The hidden energy of buildings and construction materials”, Zero Carbon Yorkshire BUILDINGS/ AECB, Yorkshire, 2019.
[13] International Energy Agency Evaluation of Embodied Energy and CO2eq for Building Construction (Annex 57), Subtask 2: A Literature Review, August 2016.
[14] R.H. Crawford and A. Stephan, “A comprehensive framework for assessing the life-cycle energy of building construction assemblies”, Architectural Science Review, vol. 53, p. 296, 2017.
[15] A. Stephan, “Towards a comprehensive energy assessment of residential buildings. A multi-scale life cycle energy analysis framework”, PhD. Thesis, Brussels School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, 2013.
[16] L. Qarout, “Reducing the environmental impacts of building materials: Embodied energy analysis of a highperformance building”, PH.D. Thesis, University ofWisconsin Milwaukee, UWM Digital Commons, May 2017.
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[19] T. Woolley, “Low impact building. housing using renewable materials”, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, 2013.
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[22] A. Rauf and R.H. Crawford, “Building service life and its effect on the life cycle embodied energy of buildings”, Energy, vol. 79, pp. 140–148, 2008.
[23] R.H. Crawford and A. Stephan, “The significance of embodied energy in certified passive houses”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering, vol. 7, no. 6, p. 201, 2013.
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[43] I. McCaig, “Conservation Basics”, Ashgate Publishing Ltd., English Heritage, London, 2013.
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Authors and Affiliations

Waclaw Celadyn
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture, ul. Podchorążych 1, 30-084 Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

Gasification technology is often seen as a synonym for the clean and efficient processing of solid fuels into combustible gas containing mainly carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the two basic components of synthesis gas. First and foremost, the facts that gas may be cleaned and that a mixture with any composition may be prepared in a relatively easy and inexpensive manner influence the possibility of using gas produced in the energy and chemical industries. In the energy industry, gas may be used directly to generate heat and electricity in the systems of a steam power plant or in combined cycle systems. It is also possible to effectively separate CO2 from the system. However, in chemistry, synthesis gas may be used to produce hydrogen, methanol, synthetic gasolines, and other chemical products. The raw material for gasification is full-quality pulverized coal, but a possibility of processing low-quality sludges, combustible fractions separated from municipal waste as well as industrial waste also exists. Despite such a wide application of technology and undoubted advantages thereof, making investment decisions is still subject to high uncertainty. The paper presents the main technological applications of gasification and analyzes the economic effectiveness thereof. In this context, significant challanges for the industrial implementation of this technology are discussed
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Ściążko
Tomasz Chmielniak
Krzysztof Kwaśniewski
Leszek Stępień
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Abstract

Any apparatus that makes use of nuclear radiation is typically thought about in terms of posing significant hazards. But such devices as particle accelerators, detectors, and even nuclear reactors can also serve to improve our safety and security.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Spinalski
1

  1. National Centre for Nuclear Research in Świerk
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Abstract

Prof. Hanna Bogucka, head of the Department of Wireless Communications at the Poznań University of Technology, discusses unnecessary inhibitions, the usefulness of microphones, and the links between people and technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

Hanna Bogucka
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Abstract

Replacing silicon with diamond may significantly reduce energy losses in electronic devices, according to Dr. Michał Pomorski from the CEA-LIST Diamond Sensors Laboratory in France.

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Pomorski
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Abstract

The ceaseless progress of nanotechnology, observed in the last years, causes that nanomaterials are more and more often applied in several

fields of industry, technique and medicine. E.g. silver nanoparticles are used in biomedicine for disinfection and polymer nanoparticles

allow insulin transportation in pharmacology. New generation materials containing nanoparticles are also used in the chemical industry

(their participation in the commercial market equals app. 53 %). Nanomaterials are used in electronics, among others for semiconductors

production (e.g. for producing nanoink Ag, which conducts electric current).

Nanomaterials, due to their special properties, are also used in the foundry industry in metallurgy (e.g. metal alloys with nanocrystalline

precipitates), as well as in investment casting and in moulding and core sand technologies. Nanoparticles and containing them composites

are applied in several technologies including foundry practice, automotive industry, medicine, dentistry etc. it is expected that their role

and market share will be successively growing.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Kmita
A. Roczniak
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Abstract

This paper considers modern production technologies of solid biofuels from the point of view of compliance with labor protection and environmental safety measures. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that environmental safety, in our opinion, supported by the results of the analysis of literature sources and their research, covers almost all residential areas of the community. The purpose of this scientific research is to develop theoretical foundations and practical management solutions to ensure environmental safety when producing solid biofuels. Thematic works of domestic and foreign specialists form the theoretical and methodological basis of the research. The following methods of scientific research were used as objective methods: logical analysis of knowledge, scientific generalization, deduction and analogies. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the application of established models and emergency situations as well as environmental safety in practice. An environmental safety system was developed that regulates the state in its natural conditions based on established production control models for solid biofuels. The article presents recommendations for students of higher educational institutions (technical areas) to study materials on labor protection and the environmental safety of our time.
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Authors and Affiliations

Larysa E. Piskunova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oleksandr I. Yeremenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tetiana O. Zubok
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hanna A. Serbeniuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zoia V. Korzh
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
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Abstract

In the first part of the paper the most often used processes in PRB technology are presented and described. These processes are: redox reactions, pH control, adsorption and biodegradation. They proceed in the reactive materials listed in the table. In the second part of the paper the procedure used in the assessment of possibilities of using PRB technology is presented. It was suggested to use preliminary assessment during the initial stage of the procedure, as it limits the range of the analysis to several most important factors. Moreover,. the conditions of using PRB were described. They can help to decide whether this technology should be accepted or not in the initial stage of the procedure. Such preliminary assessment of possibilities of using PRB was performed for two selected areas of dumping sites located in Upper Silesia, Poland. After accepting the possibilities of using this technology in their area, the types of reactive materials for effective treatment of groundwater were proposed for both of them.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Suponik
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Lutyński
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The paper presents results of a simulation of the plasmon effect achieved between a thin precious metal layer and a biconical optical fibre taper, manufactured on a standard single mode fibre. Gold, silver and titanium were used as a metal which fulfilled a cladding function for a small diameter structure. For simulation Mode Solution software was used on which modal and frequency analyses of a wavelength were provided in the range of 800–1700 nm. A displacement of a plasmon pick in dependence of thickness of a deposited precious layer for the highest plasmon effects was observed.

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Authors and Affiliations

K.A. Stasiewicz
J.E. Moś
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Abstract

To comprehensively investigate the diversity of a chamfer technology and a convex roll technology under the same soft reduction process (i.e., section size, reduction amount, casting speed and solid fraction), a three-dimensional mechanical model was developed to investigate the effect of the chamfer profile and roll surface profile on the deformation behavior, cracking risk, stress concentration and reduction force of as-cast bloom during the soft reduction process. It was found that a chamfer bloom and a convex roll can both avoid the thicker corner of the as-cast bloom solidified shell, and significantly reduce reduction force of the withdrawal and straightening units. The convex profile of roll limits lateral spread along bloom width direction, therefore it forms a greater deformation to the mushy zone of as-cast bloom along the casting direction, the tensile strain in the brittleness temperature range (BTR) can obviously increase to form internal cracks. The chamfer bloom is much more effective in compensating the solidification shrinkage of mushy zone. In addition, chamfer bloom has a significant decrease of tensile strain in the brittleness temperature range (BTR) areas, which is expected to greatly reduce the risk of internal cracks.
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Bibliography

[1] H. Bhadeshia, Prog. Mater. Sci. 57, 304 (2012).
[2] Q . Dong, J. Zhang, B. Wang, X. Zhao, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 81, 238 (2016).
[3] K. Liu, Q. Sun, J. Zhang, C. Wang, Metall. Res. Technol. 113, 504 (2016).
[4] S. Luo, M. Zhu, C. Ji, Ironmak. Steelmak. 41, 233 (2014).
[5] N. Zong, H. Zhang, Y. Liu, Z. Lu, Ironmak. Steelmak. 46, 872 (2019).
[6] S. Ogibayashi, M. Uchimura, K. Isobe, H. Maede, Y. Nishihara, S. Sato, Proc. of 6th Int. Iron and Steel Cong, ISIJ, Tokyo, 271 (1990).
[7] H.M. Chang, S.O. Kyung, D.L. Joo, J.L. Sung, L. Youngseog, ISIJ Int. 52, 1266 (2012).
[8] J. Zhao, L. Liu, W. Wang, H. Lu, Ironmak. Steelmak. 46, 227 (2017).
[9] N. Zong, H. Zhang, Y. Liu, Z. Lu, Metall. Res. Technol. 116, 310 (2019).
[10] N. Zong, H. Zhang, L. Wang, Z. Lu, Metall. Res. Technol. 116, 608 (2019).
[11] C. Li, B. Thomas, Metall. Mater. Trans. B. 35B, 1151 (2004). [12] B. Li, H. Ding, Z. Tang, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater. 19, 21 (2012).
[13] K.O. Lee, S.K. Hong, Y.K. Kang, Int. J. Automot. Technol. 10, 697 (2009).
[14] K. Demons, G.C. Lorraine, S.A. Taylor, Mater. Eng. Perform. 16, 592 (2007).
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Authors and Affiliations

Nanfu Zong
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tao Jing
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yang Liu
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Tsinghua University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
  2. Jiangsu Changqiang Iron and Steel Corp., Ltd., Jiangsu 214500, China
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Abstract

Industry 4.0 (I4) as a concept offers powerful opportunities for many businesses. The set of Industry 4.0 technologies is still discussed, and boundaries are not perfectly clear. However, implementation of Industry 4.0 concept becomes strategic principle, and necessary condition for succeeding on turbulent markets. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) was used before I4 emerged. However, it should be treated as its important part and even enabler. The question arises how adoption of RFID was impacted by I4 paradigm. Therefore, to answer this question a set of technology management tools was selected and applied to forecast RFID potential development in forthcoming years. Moreover, case studies were conducted for technology management tools and their applications for RFID for qualitative discussion of its relevance. It aimed to prove that existing toolset should be applied for modern technologies related to I4. Tools were proven to be necessary and successful. However, some specific challenges were observed and discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartlomiej Gladysz
1
Donatella Corti
2
Elias Montini
2

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Production Systems Organization, Warsaw, Poland
  2. University of Applied Science and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Department of Innovative Technologies
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Abstract

The nanocomposites based on water glass matrix were attempted in the study. Nanoparticles of ZnO, Al2O3 or MgO in organic solutions

were applied into water glass matrix in the amounts of: 1.5; 3; 4 or 5 mas. %. Wettability of the quartz sad by the nanocomposites based on

water glass matrix was determined by testing changes of the wetting angle θ in time τ for the system: quartz – binder in non-stationary

state, by means of the device for measuring wetting angles. Wettability measurements were carried out under isothermal conditions at an

ambient temperature (20 – 25 oC). The modification improves wettability of quartz matrix by water glass, which is effective in improving

strength properties of hardened moulding sands. Out of the considered modifiers in colloidal solution of propyl alcohol water glass

modified by MgO nanoparticles indicated the smallest values of the equilibrium wetting angle θr. This value was equal app. 11 degrees and

was smaller no less than 40 degrees than θr value determined for not modified water glass. Viscosity η of nanocomposites based on water

glass matrix was determined from the flow curve, it means from the empirically determined dependence of the shearing stress τ on shear

rate γ: τ = f (γ) (1), by means of the rotational rheometer. Measurements were carried out at a constant temperature of 20 oC. The

modification influences the binder viscosity. This influence is conditioned by: amount of the introduced modifier as well as dimensions and

kinds of nanoparticles and organic solvents. The viscosity increase of the modified binder does not negatively influence its functional

properties.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Kmita
A. Roczniak
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Abstract

The paper presents results of preliminary examinations on possibility of determining binder content in traditional moulding sands with the microwave method. The presented measurements were carried-out using a special stand, the so-called slot line. Binder content in thesandmix was determined by measurements of absorption damping Ad and insertion losses IL of electromagnetic wave. One of main advantages of the suggested new method of binder content measurement is short measuring time.
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Authors and Affiliations

D. Nowak
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Abstract

Computational modeling plays an important role in the methodology of contemporary science. The epistemological role of modeling and simulations leads to questions about a possible use of this method in philosophy. Attempts to use some mathematical tools to formulate philosophical concepts trace back to Spinoza and Newton. Newtonian natural philosophy became an example of successful use of mathematical thinking to describe the fundamental level of nature. Newton’s approach has initiated a new scientific field of research in physics and at the same time his system has become a source of new philosophical considerations about physical reality. According to Michael Heller, some physical theories may be treated as the formalizations of philosophical conceptions. Computational modeling may be an extension of this idea; this is what I would like to present in the article. I also consider computational modeling in philosophy as a source of new philosophical metaphors; this idea has been proposed in David J. Bolter’s conception of defining technology. The consideration leads to the following conclusion: In the methodology of philosophy significant changes have been taking place; the new approach do not make traditional methods obsolete, it is rather a new analytical tools for philosophy and a source of inspiring metaphors.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Polak
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Abstract

This publication presents an assessment of the economic efficiency of a hypothetical installation for the gasification of the municipal and industrial waste for the production of syngas used subsequently for the production of energy or chemical products. The first part of the work presents an example of a technological system for the energo-chemical processing of coal mud and municipal waste, based on the gasification process using a fluidized bed reactor. A hypothetical installation consists of two main blocks: a fuel preparation unit and a gasification unit. In the fuel preparation installation, reception operations take place, storage, and then grinding, mixing, drying and transporting fuel to the gasification unit. In the gasification installation, fuel gasification, oxygen production, cooling and purification of raw process gas and ash treatment are carried out. The following key assumptions regarding the gasification process, as well as the capital expenditures and operating costs related to the process, were estimated. Consequently, based on the method of discounted cash flows, the unit cost of generating energy contained in the synthesis gas (cost of energy, COE) was determined and the results were interpreted. In order to obtain an acceptable efficiency of the gasification process for waste fuels for the production of alternative fuel (process gas), it is necessary to supplement the mixture of waste coal and coal mud with the RDF. In this case, the unit cost of fuel measured by the PLN/GJ index is lower than in the case of hard coal and comparable with brown coal. The use of coal mud for the production of process gas in an economically efficient way is possible only in the case of changes in the legal system allowing for charging fees for the utilization of industrial waste – coal mud.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Kwaśniewski
Paweł Grzesiak
Radosław Kapłan
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Abstract

A mine cannot function without monitoring systems: environmental, basic mining machinery and equipment. The exploitation of ore in the mine depends heavily on properly functioning machines and mining equipment, and acceptable for the miner technical environmental conditions occurring in underground excavations. The monitoring systems of the technical environment in underground mines are primarily telemetry and gasometry systems. The first part of the article shows the typical structure of gasometry systems operating in the Polish underground mines. The existing provisions include the so-called security systems of the mining plant. The article presents a quantitative summary of the telephone exchange types and count of main telecommunication lines operating in these systems. Monitoring systems of machines and mining equipment are an essential element of the effec-tive management of the mine, because they affect the safe operation and increase time of effi-ciency equipment. The second part of the article shows selected monitoring systems of mining machinery and equipment currently used in the dispatcher rooms of mines. Attention was paid to the monitoring systems, which are only software tools as well as those in which additionally use dedicated IT solutions for these systems, hardware and measuring tools. The table shows the types of monitoring systems and technological configurations used in underground mines, preferred for them.

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Authors and Affiliations

Antoni Wojaczek
Adam Wojaczek
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Abstract

Modern technologies have been revolutionizing industries for years, providing competitive advantages to companies. As a technology based on decentralization, Blockchain becomes a tool to support and secure processes and transactions in industries such as mining and power engineering. It also supports supply chain processes, which are particularly important in today's mining business. The use of advanced cryptography methods results in increased cyber security in entities that implement such solutions. The use of Blockchain technology carries a strong message, both to competitors and customers, about intensifying work on authentication and process traceability. This publication focuses on defining the trust gap problem in the mining industry and on examples of the use of technology in data traceability processes. The mining industry is beginning to use technologies which had been previously available only in the theoretical realm. The ongoing development towards a smart industry entails a number of studies and expert assessments, aimed to integrate knowledge from the mining and IT areas. The combination of these research areas leads to an increase in the value of both the companies implementing modern technologies and traditional companies that implement such applications in their value chain. Based on the analyzed articles, two main areas of consideration in the context of the extractive industry were distinguished: systems that track and secure the flow of data in specific mining processes and systems that monitor and secure information on processes which support the raw materials supply chain.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Leśniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Arkadiusz Jacek Kustra
1
ORCID: ORCID
Elżbieta Królikowska
2

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
  2. Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa S.A., Jastrzębie-Zdroje, Poland
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Abstract

Increasing the share of energy production from renewable sources (RES) plays a key role in the sustainable and more competitive development of the energy sector. Among the renewable energy sources, the greatest increase can be observed in the case of solar and wind power generation. It should be noted that RES are an increasingly important elements of the power systems and that their share in energy production will continue to rise. On the other hand the development of variable generation sources (wind and solar energy) poses a serious challenge for power systems as operators of unconventional power plants are unable to provide information about the forecasted production level and the energy generated in a given period is sometimes higher than the demand for energy in all of the power systems. Therefore, with the development of RES, a considerable amount of the generated energy is wasted. The solution is energy storage, which makes it possible to improve the management of power systems. The objective of this article is to present the concept of electricity storage in the form of the chemical energy of hydrogen (Power to Gas) in order to improve the functioning of the power system in Poland. The expected growth in the installed capacity of wind power plants will result in more periods in which excess energy will be produced. In order to avoid wasting large amounts of energy, the introduction of storage systems is necessary. An analysis of the development of wind power plants demonstrates that the Power to Gas concept can be developed in Poland, as indicated by the estimated installed capacity and the potential amount of energy to be generated. In view of the above, the excess electricity will be available for storage in the form of chemical energy of hydrogen, which

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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Komorowska
ORCID: ORCID
Lidia Gawlik
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The ultrasound (US) imaging market is fast-changing in terms of needs, trends and tendencies as it undergoes rapid innovations. Due to technological improvements, a variety of US probe types is available to cover a wide range of clinical applications. The aim of this paper is to provide information to healthcare professionals to select the appropriate probe for the intended use and the desired performance/price ratio. This work describes the majority of conventional, special and unique US probe types currently available on the market, together with technological insights that are responsible for image quality and a list of some of their clinical applications. The description of the inner transducer technologies allows to understand what contributes to different prices, features, quality level and breadth of applications. The comparison of current US probes and the analysis of advanced performances arising from the latest innovations, may help physicians, biomedical and clinical engineers, sonographers and other stakeholders with purchasing and maintenance commitments, enabling them to select the appropriate probe according to their clinical and economical needs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ramona De Luca
1
Leonoardo Forzoni
1
Francesca Gelli
1
Jeffrey Bamber
2

  1. Esaote S.p.A. Florence, 50127, Italy
  2. Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust London, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
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Abstract

The sedimentation devices are commonly used in the clarifying of industrial suspensions and in the civil engineering. The sedimentation efficiency plays very important role in the environmental protection. The aim of the research was to investigate the possibilities of applying neural networks in computing the efficiency of sedimentation processes. Input data were the results of computer stimulation performed according to the mathematical model taking into account the overflow rate in the sedimentation facilities and physical parameters of the suspension, such as probability density function of solid particle size. Two probability density functions of solid particle size were compared: log-normal distribution and gamma distribution. Feed-forward neural networks (with no feedback and with one- stream flow of information) were applied in research work. Teacher-supervised teaching, according to back-propagation method with the use of Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, was chosen. When neural networks were taught with the use of sets including less than 400 data elements, the errors were more than I%. Neural networks taught by means of series including more than 500 data sets would yield acceptable results and the error was less than I%. Accordingly, one can presume that the smallest teaching set is the one composed of 500 data elements. The best results were obtained when the number of data sets was about 5000- the differences in computed sedimentation efficiency were then less than 0.5%. A further increase in the number of data elements - above 5000 - would lead to lower accuracy of calculations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Włodzimierz P. Kowalski
Krzysztof Kołodziejczyk
Tomasz Zacharz

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