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Homo Localis – Relationships Between the Characters of Serhij Zhadan’s Novels and “Place”, in Terms of Geopoetics

Joanna Majewska

Slavia Orientalis | 2021 | vol. LXX | No 3 | 539-554

Keywords Zhadan geopoetics the Donbas homo localis sensory space

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Abstract

The aim of this article is to analyze the relationships between the characters of Serhij Zhadan’s novels and their place, in terms of geopoetics. Voroshilovgrad ( Ворошиловград) and The Orphanage ( Iнтернат) are the two novels that have been chosen to compare the characters in the context of the war in the Donbas, which can be considered a kind of censorship of the people. The methodological tools employed here are geopoetics, as determined by Elżbieta Rybicka. Further elements were recalled, such as the sensory space category, the reciprocal relationships between literature and geographical space and Mikolaj Madurowicz’s theory of homo localis, which is a visualisation of the relationship between the human and place. Moreover, the relationships between the characters and the place in the two mentioned texts were confronted with the recent study of Maria Lewicka on the psychology of place conducted in the Donbas. As the analysis shows, Zhadan’s characters develop either a weak or unusual bond with place. This was heavily affected by the historical background and its homo sovieticus phenomenon. The place alone seen through the sensory space category reflects a human attitude, thus fulfilling a broader view. As described in The Orphanage, the war becomes an indicator for this relationship, a moment of trial, whose results are currently unknown. A transversal view of change from a homo sovieticus to homo localis attitude emerges from the comparison of the relationships between Voroshilovgrad and The Orphanage, and their places.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Majewska

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Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie

Psychological Aspects of Captivity in the War in the East of Ukraine

Olexander Timchenko Ihor Prykhodko Yuri Shyrobokov Nataliia Onishchenko Vasiliy Lefterov

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2021 | vol. 52 | No 1 | 97-106 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2021.136820

Keywords psychological aspects Ukraine captivity prisoners of war war in Donbas

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Abstract

The study aimed to determine the psychological aspects of captivity in the War in the East of Ukraine: the purposes and motives of the capture of Ukrainian Forces (UF); the types of captivity and their specifics; the stages and phases of captivity. The measures included a questionnaire and interview method. 694 former prisoners of war (POWs) (servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and soldiers of volunteer battalions) participated in the study. The research results revealed the purposes of capturing UF: to stop UF advance; obtaining intelligence; demoralization of UF; demonstration of military superiority; capturing prisoners for exchange; unwillingness to kill; receiving a ransom. The UF invaders were military units, professional mercenaries’ units, and gang formation units. The stages of captivity (capture and transportation to a place of permanent detention; first interrogation; being held captive; exchange of POWs and homecoming) were characterized by intimidation, aggression, physical, psychological and sexual violence against POWs, the purposeful creation of an environment of mass psychosis among POWs. Captivity kept the POWs in constant tension and fear. The altered mental status of POWs took place in successive phases: life reactions, shock, psychological demobilization, denouement, recovery, and conflict phase.

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Authors and Affiliations

Olexander Timchenko

Ihor Prykhodko

Yuri Shyrobokov

Nataliia Onishchenko

Vasiliy Lefterov

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine
National Academy of National Guard of Ukraine
Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National University of the Air Force
National University "Odessa Law Academy", Ukraine

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Homo Localis – Relationships Between the Characters of Serhij Zhadan’s Novels and “Place”, in Terms of Geopoetics

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Psychological Aspects of Captivity in the War in the East of Ukraine

Abstract

Authors and Affiliations