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Number of results: 44
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Abstract

The presented study is based on three theoretical approaches: the sociocultural model of eating disorders, self- determination theory and objectification theory. The study has two aims. Firstly, to test a model of body dissatisfaction in women based on these theories and secondly, to experimentally examine the effect of low-intensity fat talk on body dissatisfaction and its related variables. The results showed that body surveillance and self-determination were directly associated with body dissatisfaction. There was an indirect effect of thin-ideal internalization on body dissatisfaction as well as an indirect effect of self-determination on body dissatisfaction, both through body surveillance. The experimental effect of this subtle form of fat talk was not confirmed. However, the content analysis of the participants’ short texts revealed that even this form of fat talk was associated with marked body dissatisfaction and negative emotions for some participants. In summary, body surveillance was a central variable in the model of body dissatisfaction in young women. This habit of constant monitoring of body appearance is not trivial and should be addressed in interventions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Eva Paulisova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olga Orosova
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
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Abstract

Changes in body mass and body reserves of Little Auks (Alle alle) were studied throughout the breeding season. Body mass loss after chick hatching was analyzed with respect to two hypotheses: (1) mass loss reflects the stress of reproduction, (2) mass loss is adaptive by reducing power consumption during flight. Body mass of both males and females increased during incubation, dropped abruptly after hatching, and remained stable until the end of the chick-rearing period. These changes were largely due to change in mass of fat reserves. Body mass, fat, and protein reserves, when corrected for body size, did not differ between sexes at the end of incubation. Female size-corrected body mass at that time was correlated with peak body mass of chicks. The estimated energy savings for flight due to the decline in adult body mass after chick hatching were small compared with the total energy expenditure of adults feedings chicks, which did not support hypothesis (2). The contribution to chick feeding was not equal; the ratio of females to males caught with food for chicks was 1.8. Size-corrected body mass during chick-rearing was lower in females, proportional to their higher chick feeding effort compared with males. Females, in contrast to males, lost protein reserves during chick-rearing. Digestive tract mass of adults increased by half throughout the breeding period. These findings supported elements of hypothesis (1). Despite high energy expenditure rates, both sexes had about 10 g of fat reserves at the end of chick feeding. Body mass of both sexes was constant during the greater part of the chick-feeding period. It was suggested therefore that mass loss is regulated with respect to lower fat reserves required during chick-rearing.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jan R. E. Taylor
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Abstract

The article discusses two questions of Peter F. Strawson’s understanding of the human being as person. The first question scrutinizes Strawson’s philosophical choice between the tradition of Aristotle’s metaphysics and Kant’s ontology. The second question is the Cartesian challenge as presented in Strawson’s postulate of the primacy of the concept of human person. My understanding of the metaphysics proposed in the Individuals and Strawson’s other works underscores a particular affinity between his anthropological postulate and philosophia perennis. However, the Oxford philosopher is related not only to Aristotelian logic and hermeneutic but also to Kant’s conceptual scheme. In the case of the definition that identifies human being as a person we see the unambiguous reliance by Strawson on the thought of Aristotle. The explicit evidence of this reliance is his reference to the corporeality and space-time character of the human beings, manifested by the recognition of ontological priority of particulars before the reality of mental states of affairs. The effect of this analysis is my observation that Strawson has undertaken to close the gap between mental and material reality that was established in Descartes’ ontological difference between res cogitans and res extensa. The aporia of the lack of communication between human consciousness and human corporeality finds its solution in Strawson’s Individuals in concept of relationship between mind and body intended as a transgression over the Cartesian concept. Strawson proposes a recognition of their simultaneous validity, but he does not propose a new ontological position comparable to H.E. Hengstenberg’s, founded on the idea of the constitution of the human person not in two preclusive elements, as the Cartesian mind and body, but in three elements, namely spirit (Geist), corporeality (Leib) and existential principle (Existenzprinzip).

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Pasterczyk
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Abstract

The article aims to investigate the problem of desemanticizing of phrasemes containing names of body parts, and at the same time referring to the emotional sphere. Within the three main research areas (face, heart and body as a whole), and based on three types of semes (spatial, physical and functional), the analysis allows to determine the participation of individual sems in the process of motivating the indicated phraseological relationships.

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Authors and Affiliations

Edyta Bocian
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Abstract

Changes in water and ash contents in the body and calorific values of dry and wet body weight during nestling development of Pygoscelis antarctica and P. papus. were examinted. It was found that water content in the tissues of both species decreases from 85% to less than 65% whereas the content of mineral substances in dry body weight increases from 9<Vo to about 12%, at the time. Caloricity indices are high and increase during the development of nestlings. A particularly intense increase (from 0.8 kcal x g-1 to 2.2 kcal x g-1 ) characterizes calorific value of 1 gram of biomass.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Myrcha
Piotr Kamiński
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Abstract

The concept of body image can be considered on many levels, but constant is the fact that it is a mental image: of the size, shape, and form of one’s own body, influencing one’s overall self-image. Previous multifaceted research shows that perceptions of body image can be influenced among other things by physical activity or personality. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between body image perception and personality, considering individuals who regularly practice physical activity (N= 104). The following research tools were used: IPIP- BFM-20, Body Esteem Scale and a questionnaire consisting of questions allowing for the respondents’ characterization. Analysis of the collected data revealed that almost half of the respondents are currently dissatisfied with their body image. It was also noted that those who were satisfied with their body image scored statistically significantly higher on two of the five personality traits measured: Extraversion and Emotional Stability. The results obtained showing the relationship between personality and body image perception are consistent with previous studies in which the type of physical activity and its frequency were not examined.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wiktoria Kujawa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Zabiegliński
1
Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Abstract

The paper develops the implicit as well as explicit meaning which evokes Stanisław Lem’s concept of the Body and the Corporality portrayed in the novel Return from the Stars. Moreover, Lem’s novel about an astronaut Hal Bregg and his return on Earth is analysed. In this novel author uses the idea of Einstein’s twin paradox. Hal Bergg—the stereotype of masculinity—is confronted with decadent and egalitarian society, which may be refers to the reunion masculinity with femininity. Such storyline shows the multidimensionality of the issue of Corporality, and presents the Body as a epistemological metaphor of modernism and postmodernism. In addition, the Body is depicted in the Return of the Stars as a figure of a mask and a costume. Furthermore, the Body in Lem’s novel is also interpreted as part of the Universe—as the boundary between what is temporary and what is infinite and transcendent.
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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Kucharczyk
1

  1. The Faculty of the Humanities, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński’s University, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

This article presents examples of the relationship between culture, dance, and the body in the fields of communication (with oneself, the community, God/deity), the social hierarchy, social values, relations between the individual and the group, and relations between genders, from the perspective of the sociology of the dance. The sociological perspective also indicates the various historical, ritual, control, and regulatory roles that traditional and modern dances play in the communities in which they arise and are performed. The second part of the text contains a case study of the Japanese ankoku butoh dance. The author presents the philosophical roots of the dance (e.g., Japanese mythology, Zen Buddhist philosophy) and the creator’s personal experiences (childhood trauma and post-war social situation) as factors that influenced the dance’s development. The example of ankoku butoh illustrates the interrelation between cultural meanings and dance movements.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dominika Byczkowska-Owczarek
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Abstract

Every part of the human body goes beyond the anatomy-physiology limits to reach deep contents and symbolic meanings.

We can identify a range of verbs (which constitute a part of idiomatic expressions) that indicate different alterations of the body’s integrity. As for their figurative use, they serve to describe a mental state. The parts of the body linked to the sensory, motor and intellectual spheres tend to be accompanied by adjectives that are part of the terminology of the psychiatric past.

We come to the conclusion that some medical terms (in this case the parts of the body) have entered into everyday speech and have assumed symbolic meanings. From the interlingual point of view, it is whereas possible to see considerable differences between Italian and Polish. It follows that the linguistic picture of the world helps to understand the generally accepted statements in a certain community.

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Authors and Affiliations

Lucyna Marcol-Cacoń
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Dr. Magdelana Markowska from the University of Warsaw’s Faculty of Biology explains where emotions come from and why negative emotions are not the only ones that are problematic for the body.

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Markowska
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Abstract

In this article I try to think about the terms “stories” and “ontologies” in Ewa Domańska’s works: Mikrohistorie. Spotkania w międzyświatach (1999; 2005), Historie niekonwencjonalne (2006), Historia egzystencjonalna (2012), Historia ratownicza (2014) and I try to compare my conclusions with her latest publication. I am interested in the turning point in her thoughts, giving up the theory and methodology of history and switching to the ontology of the dead body. In order to do this I look through these publications and indicate which threads could help work out the excellent, innovative, and fresh conception of Nekros. The main part of the article is a detailed discussion of this. In the other part, I consider how to interpret more traditionally a past description like “cultural memory” and whether Domańska’s works accidentally invalidate them. I suggest a short statement of Marcin Napiórkowski’s and Stephen Marks’ works to show closer (Marks) and further (Napiórkowski) parallels or completely different presentations of similar problems.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marta Tomczok
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Abstract

The draw theory is the foundation for decreasing ore loss and dilution indices while extracting deposits from mines. Therefore, research on draw theory is of great significance to optimally guide the draw control and improve the economy efficiency of mines. The laboratory scaled physical draw experiments under inclined wall condition conducted showed that a new way was proposed to investigate the flow zone of granular materials. The flow zone was simply divided into two parts with respect to the demarcation point of the flow axis. Based on the stochastic medium draw theory, theoretical movement formulas were derived to define the gravity flow of fragmented rocks in these two parts. The ore body with 55° dip and 10 m width was taken as an example, the particle flow parameters were fitted, and the corresponding theoretical shape of the draw body was sketched based on the derived equation of draw-body shape. The comparison of experimental and theoretical shapes of the draw body confirmed that they coincided with each other; hence, the reliability of the derived equation of particle motion was validated.

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Authors and Affiliations

Xiufeng Zhang
Ganqiang Tao
Zhonghua Zhu
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Abstract

The study explored the impact of experimental manipulation of body schema on creative potential in midadolescence. The experiment was conducted in a group of 140 adolescents at the age of 14-16: 68 boys (M = 15.03; SD = .93) and 72 girls (M = 15.01; SD = .81), randomly allocated to equinumerous groups: experimental and control. The aim of experimental manipulation was to obtain a temporarily disturbance of body schema. It was gained by the use of glasses reversing the field of vision in the vertical up/down plane, and measured by the Body Schema Disturbance Questionnaire. In both groups the Urban and Jellen’s Test for Creative Thinking – Drawing Production (TCT-DP, Urban & Jellen, 1986) was administered twice (in A and B versions, randomly selected). Statistical analyses was run with a mixed model ANOVA (2 drawings x 2 groups x 2 sexes). The interaction effect of drawing production and group assignment on creative potential was significant, while the interaction effect of drawing production and sex on creative potential turned out to be insignificant.
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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Mirucka
1
Monika Kisielewska
1

  1. Faculty of Education, University of Bialystok
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Abstract

Water quality is an important factor to determine a development of living organisms, including the presence of amphibians. It this article we compared the water quality of both, natural infield reservoirs in areas with intensive cultivation of cereals and the recently created reservoirs in the gravel pits in Central Pomerania, northern Poland. We tested all the physico-chemical properties that may impact species richness and reproductive success of amphibians. We observed that gravel ponds were better oxygenated, with higher pH and conductivity, and were less fertile in nutrients. In Pomerania, the water reservoirs in gravel pits had better breeding conditions than in-field ponds with higher total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations. There are many scientific papers identifying a negative role of sand and gravel mines, including a release of heavy metals from sediments, a high non-metalic minerals concentration, a destruction of native species of vegetation and occurrence of alien species. Therefore, we should be careful in assessing the role of newly emerging reservoirs in sand and gravel mines. The purpose of our research is to show that sand/gravel mines can be used to protect nature and that they can have also a positive impact. Few previous studies indicate that they may be a favorable place for creating new breeding sites for amphibians, which may ultimately help to preserve species in the face of environmental pollution and climate change.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Hetmański
1
Anna Jarosiewicz
1
Łukasz Jankowiak
2

  1. Pomeranian University in Słupsk, Institute of Biology and Earth Science, Arciszewskiego 22a, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
  2. Szczecin University, Institute of Biology, Wąska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
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Abstract

Sandra Frydrysiak from the Institute of Humanities at the SWPS University in Warsaw talks about what dance teaches us about the human brain and the ways in which we experience the world around us.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sandra Frydrysiak
1 2

  1. Institute of Humanities, SWPS University in Warsaw
  2. Joint European Master’s Degree in Women’s and Gender Studies (GEMMA), University of Lodz
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Abstract

This article presents the design of a miniaturized wearable patch antenna to be utilized for the body area network (BAN) applications. To reduce the size of the antenna a crown fractal geometry antenna design technique has been adopted, and which resulted in a size reduction of 26.85%. Further, the polyester cloth has been used as the substrate of the antenna to make the proposed antenna a flexible one, and suitable for wearable biomedical devices. The designed antenna functions for the 2.45 GHz ISM band and has the gain and bandwidth of 4.54 dB and 131 MHz respectively, covering the entire ISM band. The antenna characteristics like return loss (S11), directivity and radiation pattern have been simulated and analyzed. Specific absorption rate (SAR) and front to back ratio (FBR) of the proposed antenna at the human body tissue model (HBTM) in the planer and different bending conditions of the antenna have also simulated and analyzed, and the proposed antenna fulfils the desired design standards.
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Bibliography

[1] S. Sindhu, S. Vashisth and S. K. Chakarvati., “A review on wireless body area network (WBAN) for health monitoring system: Implementatioeen protocols,” Communications on Applied Electronics, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 16-20, Mar. 2016. [2] A. Amsaveni, M. Bharathi and J. N. Swaminathan, "Design and performance analysis of low SAR hexagonal slot antenna using cotton substrate,” Microsystems Technologies, vol. 25, no.6, pp. 2273-2278, Jun. 2019. [3] F. N. Giman, P. J. Soh, M. F. Jamlos, H. Lago, A. A. Al-Hadi and M. A. N. Abdulaziz, “Conformal dual-band textile antenna with metasurface for WBAN application,” Applied Physics A, vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 32 (1-7), Jan. 2017. [4] N. F. M. Aun, P. J. Soh, M. F. Jamlos, H. Lago and A. A. Al-Hadi, “A wideband rectangular-ring textile antenna integrated with corner-notched artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) plane,” Applied Physics A, vol.123, no.1, pp. 19 (1-6), Jan. 2017. [5] B. S. Dhaliwal, S. S. Pattnaik, “BFO-ANN ensemble hybrid algorithm to design compact fractal antenna for rectenna system,” Neural Computing and Applications, vol. 28, no 1, pp. 917-928, Dec. 2017. [6] C. A. Balanis, “Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design,” 2nd ed., Singapore: Wiley, 2005. [7] J. G. Joshi, S. S. Pattnaik and S. Devi, “Metamaterial embedded wearable rectangular microstrip patch antenna,” International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2012, pp. 1-9, Sep. 2012. [8] S. Roy and U. Chakraborty, “Metamaterial based dual wideband wearable antenna for wireless applications,” Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 1117-1133, Jun. 2019. [9] E. Thangaselvi and K. Meena alias Jeyanthi, “Implementation of flexible denim nickel copper rip stop textile antenna for medical application,” Cluster Computing, vol.22, no. 1, pp. 635-645, Feb. 2018. [10] M. P. Joshi, J. G. Joshi and S. S. Pattnaik, “Hexagonal slotted wearable microstrip patch antenna for body area network, IEEE Pune Section International Conference, 18-20 Dec. 2019. [11] A. Amsaveni, M. Bharathi and J. N. Swaminathan, “Design and performance analysis of low SAR hexagonal slot antenna using cotton substrate,” Microsystem Technologies, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 2273-2278, Jun. 2019. [12] E. A. Mohammad, A. Hasliza, H. A. Rahim, P. J. Soh, M. F. Jamlos, M. Abdulmalek and Y. S. Lee, “Dual-band circularly polarized textile antenna with split-ring slot for off-body 4G LTE and WLAN applications,” Applied Physics A, vol. 124, no. 8, pp. 568 (1-10), Aug. 2018. [13] M. E. Jalil., M. K. A. Rahim, N. A. Samsuri, R. Dewan and K. Kamardin, “Flexible ultra-wideband antenna incorporated with metamaterial structures: multiple notches for chipless RIFD application,” Applied Physics A, vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 48 (1-5), Jan. 2017. [14] P. J. Gogoi, S. Bhattacharyya and N. S. Bhattacharyya, “Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) as flexible substrate for wrist and arm antennas in C-band,” Journal of Electronic Materials, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1071-1080, Apr. 2015. [15] M. N. Ramli., P. J. Soh, M. F. Jamlos, H. Lago., N. M. Aziz and A. A. Al-Hadi, “Dual-band wearable fluidic antenna with metasurface embedded in a PDMS substrate,” Applied Physics A, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 149 (1-7), Feb. 2017. [16] http://www.fcc.gov/encylopedia/specific-absorption-rate-sar-cellulattelephones. [17] A. Y. I. Ashyap, Z. Z. Abidin, S. H. Dahlan, H. A. Majid, M. R. Kamarudin and A. A. Alhameed, “Robust low-profile electromagnetic band-gap- based on textile wearable antennas for medical application,” International workshop on Antenna Technology, Small Antennas, Innovative Structures, and Applications, Athens, Greece, 1-3 Mar. 2017.
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Authors and Affiliations

Vikas Jain
1
Balwinder Singh Dhaliwal
2

  1. Research Scholar of IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
  2. Faculty of Electronics & Communication Engineering Department, National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract

Wireless endoscopic capsules can transmit the picture of the inside of the digestive tract to the external receiver for the purpose of gastrointestinal diseases diagnose. The localization of the capsule is needed to correlate the picture of detected anomalies with the particular fragment of intestine. For this purpose, the analysis of wireless transmission parameters can be applied. Such methods are affected by the impact of the human body on the electromagnetic wave propagation that is specific to the anatomy of individual person. The article presents the algorithm of localization of endoscopic capsules with wireless transmitter based on the detection of phase difference of received signals. The proposed algorithm uses simplified human body models that can change their dielectric properties in each iteration to improve the location of the capsule endoscope. Such approach allows to reduce localization error by around 12 mm (15%) and can by used for patients of different physique without the need of the numerical models of individual body.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Oleksy
Łukasz Januszkiewicz
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Abstract

The electromagnetic field (EMF) is an environmental factor affecting living organisms. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of an extremely low frequency electro- magnetic field (ELF-EMF) on selected chemical components of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The FTIR method provides information on the chemical structure of compounds through identification and analysis of functional groups. The honeybees were treated with EMF at a frequency of 50 Hz and magnetic induction of 1.6 mT for 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. Analysis of FTIR spectra showed that EMF exposure longer than 2 hours induced changes in the structure of chemical compounds, especially in the IR region corresponding to DNA, RNA, phospholipids and protein vibrations, compared to control samples (bees not EMF treated). The results confirm the effect of EMF on bees depending on the duration of exposure.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Koziorowska
J. Depciuch
J. Białek
I. Woś
K. Kozioł
S. Sadło
B. Piechowicz
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Abstract

Zola's novel world can be seen as a play of forces that takes place in a strictly defined spatial configuration between aspirational characters striving to realize their desires; the body in motion becomes their expressive medium. Always semantically marked, movement is not only understood as the hero's movement between points in space. In this analytical perspective, based on the body of La Curée et L`Argent, the movement becomes the embodiment of the will / desire, the transformation of thought into action, what is potential into real.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jolanta Rachwalska von Rejchwald
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Abstract

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the growth characteristics and survival rate of Karacabey Merino lambs, as well as the non-genetic factors affecting these traits. The study included data from a total of 17659 lambs and 12263 ewes raised in 30 herds between the years 2011 and 2016 as part of the National Sheep and Goat Improvement Project. The average birth weight of the lambs was determined as 3.73±0.05 kg, the average 45th day live weight was 18.43±0.58 kg, the average weaning (average 91.8 days) weight was 31.83±0.24 kg, and the average daily live weight gain until weaning was 289.1±3.91 g. The average survival rate of lambs at weaning was calculated to be 95.67% ± 1.15. The effects of the factors herd, birth year, birth type, birth season and sex were found significant for all traits (p<0.01). It was established that the mortality rate in lambs in large herds was higher during 6 years in which the project was carried out. Due to the high twinning rate in large herds, the number of lambs per worker is increased, and as a result, they cannot be adequately cared for. For this reason, large farms may be encouraged to increase workmanship services in addition to being provided with protective health practices for lambs throughout the birth period. On the other hand, it was determined that the twinning rate was low in small farms. On farms with fewer sheep populations, it may be advised to flush or administer exogenous hormone treatments to ewes in order to increase fertility and help them bear twins.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

H. Hanoglu Oral
1
S. Ozis Altincekic
2
S. Duru
2

  1. Muş Alparslan University, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Mus, 49250, Türkiye
  2. Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, 16059, Bursa, Türkiye
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Abstract

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between body composition, nutritional status and physical ability in elderly outpatients.
Method:. In this cross-sectional study, demographic data and medical history were collected from patients aged ≥60 years followed in the Geriatric Outpatient Clinic from October 2010 to February 2014. Body composition was examined using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical performance was assessed by gait speed (GS), Timed Up & Go Test (TUG), Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT). The nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and serum albumin level.
Results: Mean age (± SD) of 76 patients (64.47% men) was 71.93 ± 8.88 yrs. The most common diseases were: hypertension (89.47%), coronary heart disease (81.58%) and chronic heart failure (68.4%). In multiple regression analyses, the factors significantly affecting GS were: age (B = –0.017, p ≤0.0001), good nutritional status (B = 0.038, p <0.01) and percent of lower extremity fat (B = –0.009, p <0.05). Longer TUG time was associated with poorer nutritional status (B = –0.031, p <0.01), older age (B = 0.01, p <0.01) and a higher number of comorbidities (B = 0.034, p <0.05). 6MWT was influenced negatively by age (B = –3.805, p <0.01) and percent of lower extremity fat (B = –2.474, p <0.05).
Conclusions: Age and nutritional status remain a strong determinant of physical fitness deterioration. Different measures of physical performance are influenced by different elements of body composition — no single element of body composition was found determining the deterioration of all assessed parameters of physical fitness.
Identifying the relationship between body composition, nutritional status and physical performance can help elucidate the causes of disability and target preventive measures.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Fatyga-Kotula
1
Barbara Wizner
2
Małgorzata Fedyk-Łukasik
2
Tomasz Grodzicki
2
Anna Skalska
2

  1. Department of Toxicology and Occupational Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  2. Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The Shotori Range of east-central Iran (east of Tabas) has yielded Famennian ammonoid assemblages dominated by the family Sporadoceratidae. Four genera Maeneceras Hyatt, 1884, Iranoceras Walliser, 1966, Sporadoceras Hyatt, 1884 and Erfoudites Korn, 1999 are represented. The conodont assemblage of one sample containing Iranoceras revealed an Upper marginifera Zone age. The ammonoid assemblages are characterised by comparatively large specimens; they reach conch diameters of 300 mm (including the body chamber) and the mean size is larger than 100 mm. The preservation of the material from the Shotori Range and size comparison with sporadoceratid assemblages from the Anti-Atlas of Morocco and the Rhenish Mountains of Germany suggest that hydraulic sorting has resulted in a bias towards large conchs, explaining the size distribution, rather than latitudinal differences. The new species Maeneceras tabasense is described; the genus Iranoceras is revised with a new description of the two species Iranoceras pachydiscus (Walliser, 1966) and Iranoceras pingue (Walliser, 1966).

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Authors and Affiliations

Dieter Korn
Abbas Ghaderi
Léa Devaere
Vachik Hairapetian
Mohammad Khanehbad
Zdzisław Belka
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Abstract

This contribution points out the most important aspects to consider in the ethical (in) acceptability of aesthetic operations. Starting from the value of the human body seen from a biblical perspective, it introduces the reader to the essential magisterial statements concerning aesthetic surgery, among which the speech of Pope Pius XII occupies a particular position. It also refers to ethical principles, especially the principle of double effect and totality, and outlines the basic argumentative positions of selected bioethics committees. There is also a brief introduction to the positions of several contemporary bioethicists. In conclusion, the author presents his point of view and briefly explains what the patient should take into account and what the aesthetic surgeon should look for to avoid ethically wrong actions
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Polák
1

  1. Palacký University Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Abstract

Pluralism and multiculturalism are new terms in biblical studies . Pluralism used in social sciences means a conditio of society in which members of diverse ethnic, racial, religious or social groups maintain their unique cultural identities. Multicultu-ralism focuses on interactions between different groups and communities within the confines of a common society. This paper aims at analysing the practice and models of pluralism in the Bible and the evaluation of pluralism in the biblical context (from separatism in the Abraham days until the multicultural Christian community in the first century). Christianity existed as a pluralistic community from the beginning. Paul the Apostle presents the Church as the body of Christ and interactions within the Chri-stian community consisting of Jews and Gentiles are illustrated by relations between members of the body. The mission of the Church is based on various models of incul-turation (contextualisation). All of these models intersect with one another in different ways. Pluralism in the biblical studies manifests itself also in the use of different Bible translation strategies and various methods of biblical exegesis and interpretation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kalina Wojciechowska

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