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Number of results: 131
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Abstract

In the article, the author presents the basic relations between a nation state and a multicultural society. According to the author, the attitude of the nation state and the dominant nation in the state to the phenomenon of cultural diversity of society is a key phenomenon in the theory and practice of multiculturalism. Namely, the nation state is characterized by two strategies defining the attitude to the cultural diversity of society. It is a strategy of cultural homogenization and a pluralistic. The emergence of a pluralistic strategy begins with the occurrence and eventual growth of phenomena and processes referred to as multiculturalism and multicultural society.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Sadowski
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Abstract

This article is intended to determine the features of public management and the development process of the energy supply system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Today, the sustainable development of the country’s economy depends directly on the energy sector. Modern society and industry are completely dependent on a stable power supply and today, energy is considered the most important component of the life support of the country’s population. The country’s electrical power industry needs new large-scale investments and promising development. To do this, in the near future, the state needs to consider ways to solve problems that have arisen. The purpose of the study is to consider the elements of public administration and the evolution of the energy supply system in Kazakhstan, as well as public administration systems in other countries, such as the USA, Norway, Great Britain, and the Russian Federation. In the article, with the help of SWOT analysis and scientific analysis, the factors of development of the country’s energy industry are considered.
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Authors and Affiliations

Beimbet Mussin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zukhra Mussina
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Management, Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan
  2. Almaty Technological University, Kazakhstan
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Abstract

The paper presents two competing perceptions of the modern university: the economic and the humanistic. While the economic approach has numerous and potent advocates in the modern, rationalized world, those opting for the humanist approach have to struggle for attention and understanding. The author aims to highlight the conflict between the two seemingly contradictory visions of the university in her sociological commentary about the debate over the importance of the humanities in Poland and worldwide. There exists, however, a kind of ontological meta-frame which allows the rhetoric of a ‘factory of knowledge’ and a ‘temple of knowledge’ to be accommodated. It consists in thinking of universities in universalistic categories, which should be the concern of the state as it seeks Poland’s civilizational advance—in the full meaning of the phrase.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Dziedziczak-Foltyn
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Abstract

Since 1999 studies are conducted of specific form of corruption known as ‘state capture’. This term refers to a situation in which individual agents and groups of interests are seeking to shape and affect the process of formulating regulations to their advantage through illicit and non-transparent means. In other words, state capture is an attempt of a group of interest to change institutionalized rules of the market game in a way favorable for them in order to gain political rents. This paper is a reconstruction of economic studies on phenomenon of state capture. The first part of paper is devoted to presentation of state capture in context of other forms of corruption. It focuses mainly on series of survey studies known as Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey (BEEPS) conducted by World Bank and EBRD. The second part of the paper is a critical analysis of state capture conception and methodology. The text points out limitations of economical research procedures in domain of corruption analysis. Methodological difficulties and restrictions of conception of state capture are discussed on an example of chosen political affair – Buchacz triangle. The paper ends with sociological reinterpretation of conception of state capture.

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Afeltowicz
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Abstract

The reign of Bolesław I the Brave has for many years been very popular among historians and numismatists. The political history of his rule is at the centre of the research of the first one, and the history of his coinage of the latter. On the other hand, much less attention is paid to the fiscal and prestigious-symbolic contexts of the circulation of bullion, which at the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries consisted almost exclusively of imported coins and silver in a non-monetary form, mainly jewellery. This raises many questions: how did access to luxury goods affected the exercise of power? What equivalents and under what circumstances were foreign coins purchased? How did the desire to take control of the silver distribution networks between Meissen, Prague and Kiev in the first decades of the 11th century directed Bolesław’s expansion? Methodologically, the article combines the analysis of the hoards with the interpretation of written sources.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Adamczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Deutsches Historisches Institut Warschau, Pałac Karnickich, Aleje Ujazdowskie 39, PL 00–540 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

In this work we provide a method for approximating the separable numerical range of a matrix. We also recall the connection between restricted numerical range and entanglement of a quantum state. We show the possibility to establish state separability using computed restricted numerical range. In particular we present a method to obtain separability criteria for arbitrary system partition with use of the separable numerical range.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Gawron
Przemysław Sadowski
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Abstract

The article contains considerations on the historical evolution of globalization in the context of the rivalry between two basic concepts of economic system: pro-state option and pro-market option. The author assumes that globalization is a permanent feature of human aspirations. In the beginning of modern era it was interlocked with the alternating dominance of pro-market and pro-state tendencies, and it continues to appear in the same form until present times. The liberal economic thought has expressed these opposition in the state versus market formula. Over the last five centuries there have been five stages of alternating dominance of pro-market and pro-state forces, connected with globalization. First was the mercantilism with the significant role of state, and its antithesis was the XIX-century free-competition capitalism. Two last stages – the neo-liberalism dating from 1980 to 2008 and its antithesis from 2009 to 2019 – have been presented in detail. The previous stages are shown only as historical background. The analysis is preceded by the outline of a theoretical model of globalization connected with the alternating dominance of pro-state and pro-market tendencies, which can be seen as value added to the legacy of economic thought devoted to the relationship between market and state.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Madej
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Abstract

Cheerleading is a new sport, practiced in 110 nations; since 2016 enjoys provisional Olympic status. Its leaders claim that it is a “happy” sport, but research on its psychological effects is lacking. In this field-study we examined core-affect, positive-affect, and negative-affect in 65 cheerleaders before, during, after, and one-hour after a cheerleading training. Core-affect was more positive during and immediately after training, but it tapered off one hour following the training when feeling states were still more positive than at baseline. Negative-affect declined linearly from baseline to one-hour following training when it became significantly lower than its previous values. Positive-affect showed quadratic dynamics, in parallel with arousal, being higher during and immediately after training than during baseline, or one-hour after training. These results demonstrate for the first time that cheerleading is a “happy” sport, which apart from the skill-development also yields positive psychological emotions both during and after training.

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Authors and Affiliations

Rita Kovácsik
Attila Szabo
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Abstract

This paper examines the Albanian state–nation constellation in the Balkans in the light of the European Union (EU) integration process with a focus on citizenship configurations in Kosovo and Albania. It addresses an important puzzle: why legal norms of citizenship do not follow the emerging practice of stronger trans-border co-operation in the Albanian ethnic and cultural space. The study shows that the process of EU integration is the key to understanding and explaining this puzzle, for it provides an opportunity for ‘constructive ambiguity’ around which both ethnic and statist brands of Albanian na-tionalism, as well as various elite fractions, can coalesce and coexist. In a wider context, Albanian citizenship configurations are shaped by the ever-evolving complex relationship between nation, state and Europe.

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Authors and Affiliations

Gezim Krasniqi
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Abstract

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic the government of Spain decreed the State of Alarm to confine the entire population at their homes, except for essential services. Therefore, the central objective of this study is to evaluate the implication of this situation for the environmental noise existing in the city of Huelva (Spain). This study demonstrates that during the state of alarm an average daily reduction of 3.4 dBA was noted, and in the central moments of the day these reductions reached up to 4.4 dBA, while from 10:00 to 12:00 pm the reduction was around 6.5 dBA. Nevertheless, there were two moments of day: 3:00 am (garbage collection, street cleaning and container disinfection), and 8:00 pm (daily applause for health professionals), when the noise during the pandemic was higher than before it. It is further shown that globally, the loudest events only decreased by about 3 dBA, while the global background noise decreased by 10 dBA during the alarm state. Regarding road traffic noise, it is verified that in addition to being reduced by about 4 dBA, traffic represents 6.7% of noisy events during the alarm state, while before it represented 13%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Juan Carlos Fortes
1
Rafael Sánchez-Sánchez
1
Juan Pedro Bolívar
2

  1. School of Engineering, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
  2. Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
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Abstract

Where abstraction meets reality.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Sikorski
1

  1. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University
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Abstract

High-Temperature Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (HT-PEMFCs) are a candidate for electrical energy supply devices in more and more applications. Most notably in the aeronautic industry. Before any use, an HT-PEMFC is preheated and after that supplied with its active gases. Only at this state, the diagnostics can be performed. A method of testing not requiring a complete start-up would be beneficial for many reasons. This article describes an extended version of the charging and discharging diagnostic method of HT-PEMFCs with no active gases. This extended approach is named “Test Without Active Gases” (TWAG). This paper presents original research on the influence of nitrogen temperature and pressure on the HT-PEMFC response to charging and discharging. A lumped-element model of an HT-PEMFC is also presented. A numerical result of using this model to recreate an experimentally obtained curve is also presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Rosiński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Christophe Turpin
2
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Wilk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
  2. Team GENESYS, Laboratioire LAPLACE, 118 Rte de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
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Abstract

The paper presents modeling and simulation results of the operation of a three-phase fluidized bed bioreactorwith partial recirculation of biomass. The proposed quantitative description of the bioreactor takes into account biomass growth on inert carriers, microorganisms decay and interphase biomass transfer. Stationary characteristics of the bioreactor and local stability of steady-stateswere determined. The influence of microbiological growth kinetics on the multiplicity of steady-states was discussed. The relationship between biofilm growth and boundaries of fluidized bed existence was shown.

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Authors and Affiliations

Szymon Skoneczny
Bolesław Tabiś
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Abstract

In the 21th century we can observe a return to Marx, particularly in the circles of New Left. A critical approach to the legacy of Karl Marx implies a readiness to revise or even reject the false or no longer valid propositions of Marx in order to be able to confront his legacy with the current state of contemporary science. Some of his views have already been definitely rejected (particularly the theory of revolution and of the dictatorship of proletariat). But a part of his contribution remains valid: (1) the philosophy of praxis, i.e. a theory oriented toward a social change, and (2) the sociological theory that interprets politics in terms of class interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy J. Wiatr
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Abstract

The article traces Bertrand Russell’s interest in anarchist thought. I take his The Roads to Freedom as the main reference point, because that was the book where Russell applied himself most consistently to the study of the ideas put forward by anarchist thinkers. Those ideas – as he points out – undertake to conceive more imaginatively a better ordering of the human society than one finds in ʻthe destructive and cruel chaos in which mankind has hitherto existed’. He emphasizes that across the ages individuals had to face harsh conditions in which state ensnared them. The conflict between freedom and enslavement was the most important aspect of that condition. Bertrand Russell i anarchizm 513
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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Uglik
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Instytut Filozofii, Al. Wojska Polskiego 71a, 65-762 Zielona Góra
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Abstract

In the article, the characterization of the microstructure, phase composition and distribution of elements in the Eu2O3-ZrO2 sintered materials obtained by four different ways of powders’ homogenization (mixing) process and different temperature of sintering process is shown. The feedstock powders with an average mole ratio of ZrO2 to Eu2O3 equal 74% to 26% were used as an initial material. The principal aim of the investigation was characterization of differences in the microstructure of the same type of ceramics, however, prepared via different mixing and manufacturing processes. The range of the investigation covered a characterization of these materials via phase identification of all samples by XRD (X-ray diffraction) and characterization of internal morphology of the specimens with detailed analysis of elements distributions by SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EDS (energy dispersive spectrometry). The aim of the following investigation is to characterize the possibilities of the solid state synthesis of the europium zirconate based materials, dedicated for TBC applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Mikuśkiewicz
G. Moskal
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

This article discusses the impact of economic, environmental and legal policies on management of the companies involved in investment projects in the area of industrial construction in Poland. Our empirical research relied on conducting a survey in a group of construction managers and experts. The survey involved 158 Polish companies from the SME sector dealing from the industrial construction. The questionnaire responses were thoroughly analysed and interpreted with the use of a method called exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The results provide an insight into successful management of investment processes realised by construction companies implementing projects in the area of industrial construction. The most important factors identified with the use of this research method turned out to be the availability of technology in a stable political system, stability of economic and tax systems, stable social policy, stability and transparency of the legal system and well-targeted environmental policies. In general, it can be stated that the effective management of industrial construction projects is influenced by the economic, environmental and legal policies of the state.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Sobieraj
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dominik Metelski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Nowak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
  2. University of Granada, Faculty of International and Spanish Economics, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Abstract

The eigenvalues assignment problems for descriptor linear systems with state and its derivative feedbacks are considered herein. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions to the problems are established. The Euler and Tustin approximations of the continuous-time systems are analyzed. Procedures for computation of the feedbacks are given and illustrated by numerical examples.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tadeusz Kaczorek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Wiejska 45D, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
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Abstract

This article analyzes the growth impact of state ownership in enterprises by introducing state-owned enterprises (SOEs) into the endogenous, Romer-type economic growth model. We build on the empirical firm-level analysis showing that SOEs underperform their privately owned counterparts and consider SOEs' inefficiency and related subsidization in the growth model. Our model predicts that the growth rate is decreasing in the SOE inefficiency and SOE shares in final goods production and R&D sectors. The model helps to shed light on the mechanisms behind empirical facts observed in European economies in the 21st century - lower growth and innovation rates in countries with larger SOE shares.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Matuszak
1

  1. The Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Economics
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Abstract

This article deals with Echo z Polski [ The Echo from Poland] (the title was subsequently altered to Echo Polskie), the first Polish-language newspaper in the United States, published in 1893–1865 in New York. While at first its pages were predominantly filled with news from Poland, it gradually broadened its coverage in an effort to become the leading paper of the Polish- American community.
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Authors and Affiliations

Daniel Kiper
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski, Al. Racławickie 14, PL 20-950 Lublin
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Abstract

The article describes how different friction coefficients under certain cutting conditions and parameters affect the formation of the stress-strain and thermal states of the product when titanium alloy machining. A new research methodology is used for the study. Firstly, in the initial data for simulation, each time a different declared coefficient of friction is proposed, and every such task of the cutting process modelling is solved for various cutting parameters. The second stage analyzes how these coefficients influence the stress-strain and thermodynamic state of the workpiece and tool during cutting, as well as the tool wear dynamics. In the third stage of the study, ways for ensuring these analytically-grounded tribological cutting conditions are proposed. The analysis of different wear criteria in the simulation models of titanium alloys cutting is carried out. Experimental studies confirm simulation results.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Vadym Stupnytskyy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xianning She
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
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Abstract

This article discusses some recent developments in the US jurisprudence concerning state immunity. Some lower courts’ decisions handed down earlier suggested a more decisive departure from the rigid interpretation of the Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act (FSIA). If the US Supreme Court had accepted this new jurisprudential trend, it would possibly allow for carving out a partial acceptance of a human rights exception. However, the Supreme Court decided otherwise. In the recently handed-down decision in Germany et al. v. Philipp et al., the Justices rejected any innovations, unequivocally maintained the strict interpretation of FSIA §1603(a)(3), and by their direct reference to the International Court of Justice strengthened the existing status quo in international law as well. This note analyzes this decision’s possible consequences at the domestic and international levels. In conclusion, it seeks to place Germany vs. Philipp in a broader context. It suggests that it possibly reflects more general tendencies in the contemporary US jurisprudence, which can impact both the US domestic legal order and international law.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksander Gubrynowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Assistant Professor (dr. habil.), Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Warsaw
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Abstract

This article examines the consequences of the Court of Justice of the European Union’s (CJEU) ruling in Achmea concerning Investor-State Arbitration (ISA) under intra- EU Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) from a treaty law perspective. It begins by briefly setting out the arguments of Advocate General Wathelet and the CJEU supporting their different positions on whether intra-EU BITs ISA clauses are compatible with EU law. The article then proceeds to analyse Achmea’s implications for intra-EU BIT ISA. It concludes that, as a result of the CJEU’s ruling, arbitral tribunals are deprived of their jurisdiction to entertain investors’ claims brought under intra-EU BIT ISA clauses. Finally, the article argues that Achmea’s applicability to cases brought under intra-EU BIT ISA clauses is limited, using the application of EU law as a relevant qualification. In order for an arbitral tribunal to be deprived of its jurisdictional competence as a result of Achmea, it must be entitled to interpret and apply EU law directly or indirectly in determining its jurisdiction.

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Authors and Affiliations

Konstantina Georgaki
Thomas-Nektarios Papanastasiou

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