Temporal differentiation of the air thermal conditions in SW part of Spitsbergen has been presented in this paper. Daily meteorological records of the Polish Polar Station of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Hornsund have been used for the period of 1978—1986. Distributions of basic thermal indices based on mean, maximum, minimum air temperatures and minimum temperature at a ground surface have been given. Annual patterns of the above elements of various occurrence probabilities have been also presented and thermal periods have been distinguished.

Ground temperature measurement results in main ecotopes of the Kaffiöyra coastal plain (Oscar II Land, northwestern Spitsbergen): sea beach, tundra and morainic plateau, are presented and discussed in the paper. The spatial distribution of thermal conditions is discussed with particular regard to temperature of the active surface and vertical gradients of temperature dependent on daytime and weather conditions.

The purpose of this research is to substantiate a technical solution for improving the working conditions for the thermal factor in the extraction of oil by the thermoshaft method using the mine refrigeration technology. The review of manufacturers and technical characteristics of refrigeration technology in Russia, CIS countries and Western Europe was conducted. It was shown that the use of a water cooling machine in the mine air conditioning system will reduce the air temperature in the oil production gallery to the required values and will allow to abandon the long-term construction of a surface stationary refrigeration station. Normalization of the thermal regime reduces the costs of benefits and compensation for work in harmful labor conditions and improves the quality of service of production wells by operators. The practical significance is that the proposed project for the introduction of air conditioning has a high level of profitability, and its payoff will occur in the second year of operation.

The paper concentrates on seasonal and spatial variations of sub-daily water temperature dynamics in lowland agricultural streams. Temperature monitoring was carried out in 24 sampling sites distributed along the tributaries of the Wkra River during the hydrological year 2021. Statistical analysis of the obtained data documented the highest water temperature dynamics in the morning, from 5:00 to 9:00 CEST, while the lowest – from 14:00 to 18:00 CEST. Seasonally, greater water dynamics were noted in the winter, expressed by a coefficient of variation reaching up to 100%. Spatially, the highest dynamics occurred in sites with the lowest proportion of riparian vegetation, while the lowest dynamics was related to higher catchment area. In the winter, the minimum daily values were recorded most frequently in the morning hours, while maximum values in the afternoon. A similar pattern was observed in the summer, but with much lower dispersion of the relative frequencies. It was found that in the winter, the dominant influence on temperature dynamics was exerted in the upstream catchment area, while in the summer, a negative relationship with riparian shade was marked. The findings suggest that the presence of riparian vegetation reduces diurnal dynamics of water temperature and is simultaneously extremely important in prolonging the duration of optimum fluctuation, responsible for the proper development of poikilothermic organisms.