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Thermal energy storage in buildings: opportunities and challenges

Priyam Deka Andrzej Szlęk
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 4 | 21-61 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2022.144405
Keywords thermal energy storage renewable energy Phage change materials Latentheat thermal energy storage Sensible heat thermal energy storage
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Abstract

The energy sector is a majorarea that is responsible for the country development. Almost 40% of the total energy requirement of an EU country is consumed by the building sector and 60% of which is only used for heating and cooling requirements. This is a prime concern as fossil fuel stocks are depleting and global warming is rising. This is where thermal energy storage can play a major role and reduce the dependence on the use of fossil fuels for energy requirements (heating and cooling) of the building sector. Thermal energy storage refers to the technology which is related to the transfer and storage of heat energy predominantly from solar radiation, alternatively to the transfer and storage of cold from the environment to maintain a comfortable temperature for the inhabitants in the buildings by providing cold in the summer and heat in the winter. This work is an extensive study on the use of thermal energy storage in buildings. It discusses different methods of implementing thermal energy storage into buildings, specifically the use of phase change materials, and also highlights the challenges and opportunities related to implementing this technology. Moreover, this work explains the principles of different types and methods involved in thermal energy storage.
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Authors and Affiliations

Priyam Deka
1
Andrzej Szlęk
1
  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Konarskiego 18, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland

Modeling of District Heating Networks for the Purpose of Operational Optimization with Thermal Energy Storage

Michał Leśko Wojciech Bujalski
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2017 | No 4 | 139-163 | DOI: 10.1515/aoter-2017-0029
Keywords thermal energy storage district heating smart district heating optimization
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Abstract

The aim of this document is to present the topic of modeling district heating systems in order to enable optimization of their operation, with special focus on thermal energy storage in the pipelines. Two mathematical models for simulation of transient behavior of district heating networks have been described, and their results have been compared in a case study. The operational optimization in a DH system, especially if this system is supplied from a combined heat and power plant, is a difficult and complicated task. Finding a global financial optimum requires considering long periods of time and including thermal energy storage possibilities into consideration. One of the most interesting options for thermal energy storage is utilization of thermal inertia of the network itself. This approach requires no additional investment, while providing significant possibilities for heat load shifting. It is not feasible to use full topological models of the networks, comprising thousands of substations and network sections, for the purpose of operational optimization with thermal energy storage, because such models require long calculation times. In order to optimize planned thermal energy storage actions, it is necessary to model the transient behavior of the network in a very simple way – allowing for fast and reliable calculations. Two approaches to building such models have been presented. Both have been tested by comparing the results of simulation of the behavior of the same network. The characteristic features, advantages and disadvantages of both kinds of models have been identified. The results can prove useful for district heating system operators in the near future.

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Leśko
Wojciech Bujalski

Initial assessment of the possibility of using ATES technology in Poland by low-temperature heat and cold consumers

Maciej Miecznik Robert Skrzypczak
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2019 | vol. 22 | No 1 | 39-58
Keywords Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage ATES heat storage in aquifers underground storage of heatand cold
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Abstract

The aim of the article is a preliminary assessment of the possibility of using ATES (Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage) technology for the seasonal storage of heat and cold in shallow aquifers in Poland. The ATES technology is designed to provide low-temperature heat and cold to big-area consumers. A study by researchers from the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands indicates very favorable hydrogeological and climate conditions in most of Poland for its successful development. To confirm this, the authors used public hydrogeological data, including information obtained from 1324 boreholes of the groundwater observation and research network and 172 information sheets of groundwater bodies (GWBs). Using requirements for ATES systems, well-described in the world literature, the selection of boreholes was carried out in the GIS environment, which allowed aquifers that meet the required criteria to be captured. The preliminary assessment indicates the possibility of the successful implementation of ATES technology in Poland, in particular in the northern and western parts of the country, including the cities of: Gdańsk, Warsaw, Wrocław, Bydgoszcz, Słupsk, and Stargard.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Miecznik
Robert Skrzypczak

Hybrid nano improved phase change material for latent thermal energy storage system: Numerical study

Mohamed Lamine Benlekkam Driss Nehari
Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 69 | No 1 | 77-98 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2022.140410
Keywords phase change material (PCM) latent heat storage melting and solidification thermal energy storage hybrid nano-particles LHTESS
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Abstract

The phase change materials (PCM) are widely used in several applications, especiallyi n the latent heat thermal energy storage system (LHTESS). Due to the very low thermal conductivity of PCMs. A small mass fraction of hybrid nanoparticles TiO 2–CuO (50%–50%) is dispersed in PCM with five mass concentrations of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1 mass % to improve its thermal conductivity. This article is focused on thermal performance of the hybrid nano-PCM (HNPCM) used for the LHTESS. A numerical model based on the enthalpy-porosity technique is developed to solve the Navier-Stocks and energy equations. The computations were conducted for the melting and solidification processes of the HNPCM in a shell and tube latent heat storage (LHS). The developed numerical model was validated successfully with experimental data from the literature. The results showed that the dispersed hybrid nanoparticles improved the effective thermal conductivity and density of the HNPCM. Accordingly, when the mass fraction of a HNPCM increases by 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1 mass %, the average charging time improves by 12.04 %, 19.9 %, 23.55%, and 27.33 %, respectively. Besides, the stored energy is reduced by 0.83%, 1.67%, 2.83% and 3.88%, respectively. Moreover, the discharging time was shortened by 18.47%, 26.91%, 27.71%, and 30.52%, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohamed Lamine Benlekkam
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Driss Nehari
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Science and Technology, University of Tissemsilt, Tissemsilt, Algeria
  2. Laboratory of Smart Structure, University of Ain Temouchent, Ain Temouchent, Algeria
  3. Laboratory of Hydrology and Applied Environment, University of Ain Temouchent, Algeria

Performance analysis and PCM selection for adsorption chiller aided by energy storage supplied from the district heating system

Jarosław Karwacki Roman Kwidziński Piotr Leputa
Archives of Thermodynamics | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 4 | 135-169 | DOI: 10.24425/ather.2022.144409
Keywords Thermal sorption cooling Phase change material thermal energy storage district heating Adsorption energy management mathematical modelling Load shifting efficiency
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Abstract

The paper presents a theoretical analysis of thermal energy storage filled with phase change material (PCM) that is aimed at optimization of an adsorption chiller performance in an air-conditioning system. The equations describing a lumped parameter model were used to analyze internal heat transfer in the cooling installation. Those equations result from the energy balances of the chiller, PCM thermal storage unit and heat load. The influence of the control of the heat transfer fluid flow rate and heat capacity of the system components on the whole system operation was investigated. The model was used to validate the selection of Rubitherm RT62HC as a PCM for thermal storage. It also allowed us to assess the temperature levels that are likely to appear during the operation of the system before it will be constructed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Karwacki
1
Roman Kwidziński
1
Piotr Leputa
1 2
  1. The Szewalski Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Heat Transfer Department, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland
  2. ENERGA Ciepło Ostrołeka Sp. z o.o., Celna 13, 07-410 Ostrołeka, Poland

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