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Keywords borreliosis ticks
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Abstract

We talk to Assoc. Prof. Anna Bajer from the Department of Parasitology at the University of Warsaw, about ticks and how they transmit Lyme disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Bajer
Keywords ticks snakes forests
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Abstract

When ordinary people visit Poland’s forests, they are most afraid of encountering a big mammal – a wolf, boar, or bear. But the greatest dangers are actually posed by more inconspicuous animals: ticks and snakes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Wierzbicka
1

  1. Poznań University of Life Sciences
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Abstract

Despite many phytochemical and pharmacological investigations, to date, there are no reports concerning the antibabesial activity of extracts of A. millefolium against B. canis. This study was aimed at investigating the biological activities of A. millefolium against the Babesia canis parasite and to identify its chemical ingredients. The water (WE), ethanol (EE) and hexane/acetone (H/AE) extracts of plant aerial parts were screened for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavo- noid compound (TFC), DPPH free radical-scavenging activity and its antibabesial activity assay. In this study, imidocarb diproprionate was used as a positive control. The H/AE and EE extracts were analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS).

In the EE extract, the main compounds were 17.64% methyl octadec-9-ynoate, 16.68% stigmast-5-en-3-ol(3α,24S) and 15.17% hexadecanoic acid. In the H/AE extract, the main com- pounds were 34.55% 11-decyldocosane, 14.31% N-tetratetracontane, 8.22% β-caryophyllene, and 7.69% N-nonacosane. Extract of EE contained the highest content of phenolics followed by H/AE and WE. The concentration of flavonoids in EE, H/AE and WE extracts showed that TFC was higher in the EE samples followed by H/AE and WE. The antioxidant activities were highest for AA, followed by EE, WE and H/AE. The antibabesial assay showed that the WE, EE and H/AE extracts of A. millefolium were antagonistic to B. canis. At a 2 mg/mL concentration, it showed 58.7% (± 4.7%), 62.3% (± 5.5%) and 49.3% (± 5.1%) inhibitory rate in an antibabesial assay, respectively.

Considering these results, the present findings suggest that A. millefolium extracts may be a potential therapeutic agent and that additional studies including in vivo experiments are essential.

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Authors and Affiliations

L. Guz
Ł. Adaszek
J. Wawrzykowski
J. Ziętek
S. Winiarczyk
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Abstract

Anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis are important tick-borne rickettsial diseases of medical and veterinary importance that cause economic losses in livestock. In this study, the prevalence of Anaplasma ovis, Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia chaffeensis was investigated in ticks collected from sheep in various farms in Van province, which is located in the Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. The ticks used in this study were collected by random sampling in 26 family farm business in 13 districts of Van province. A total of 688 ticks were collected from 88 sheep and 88 tick pools were created. All ticks identified morphologically as Rhipicephalus bursa. Phylogenetic analysis of Chaperonin and 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed A. ovis, E. canis and E. chaffeensis in this study. Of the 88 tick pools tested, 28.41% (25/88) were positive for at least one pathogen. Anaplasma DNA was detected in five of the 88 pools (5.68%), E. canis DNA was detected in 19 of the 88 pools (21.59%), and E. chaffeensis DNA was detected in one of the 88 pools (1.14%) of R. bursa ticks. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the presence of A. ovis, E. canis, and E. chaffeensis in R. bursa ticks collected from sheep in Turkey. Further studies are needed to investigate other co-infections in sheep in Turkey.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Ayan
1
B. Aslan Çelik
2
Ö.Y. Çelik
3
Ö. Orunç Kılınç
4
G. Akyıldız
5
A.B. Yılmaz
6
D.N. Sayın İpek
7
Ö. Oktay Ayan
8
A.R. Babaoğlu
9

  1. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
  2. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
  4. Özalp Vocational School, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
  5. Department of Basic Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
  6. Faculty of Health, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
  7. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
  8. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
  9. Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Abstract

Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is an important disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence / prevalence of CCHFV in tick and milk and blood samples of domestic ruminant (cattle, sheep and goat) in Resadiye town of Tokat province, where the disease is endemic. Although no virus RNA was found from whole blood and milk samples, it was detected in 10 of 78 (12.8%) tick pools. Viral loads ranged from 4.8x104 copies/ml to 2.66x109 copies/ml. Out of 171 serum samples examined, 113 (66.1%) were found to be positive for CCHFV. In conclusion, it was revealed that the prevalence of CCHFV was more common in small ruminants than in cattle. It is an important result in terms of public health that virus cannot be detected. The detection of virus RNA in tick samples shows that CCHFV is still endemic in domestic animals.

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Authors and Affiliations

T. Özüpak
H. Albayrak

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