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Abstract

In Poland, in recent years, there has been a rapid accumulation of sewage sludge – a by-product in the treatment of urban wastewater. This has come about as a result of infrastructure renewal, specifically, the construction of modern sewage treatment plants. The more stringent regulations and strategic goals adopted for modern sewage management have necessitated the application of modern engineering methodology for the disposal of sewage sludge. One approach is incineration. As a consequence, the amount of fly ash resulting from the thermal treatment of municipal sewage sludge has grown significantly. Hence, intensive work is in progress for environmentally safe management of this type of waste. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the possibility of using the fly ash that results from municipal sewage sludge thermal treatment (SSTT) as an additive to hardening slurries. The article presents the technological and functional parameters of hardening slurries with an addition of fly ash obtained by SSTT. Moreover, the usefulness of these slurries is analyzed on the basis of their basic properties, i.e., density, contractual viscosity, water separation, structural strength, volumetric density, hydraulic conductivity, compressive and tensile strength. The research on technological and functional properties was carried out, the aim of which was to determine the practical usefulness of the hardening slurries used in the experiment. Subsequently, leaching tests were performed for heavy metals in the components, the structure of the hardening slurries. An experiment showed leaching of hazardous compounds at a level allowing their practical application. The article presents the potential uses of fly ash from SSTT in hardening slurry technology.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Falaciński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Małgorzata Wojtkowska
1

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Warsaw
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Abstract

Environmental applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently attracted worldwide attentiondue to their excellent adsorption capacities and promising physical, chemical and mechanical properties, as well asthe preparation of novel membranes with attractive features for water purification. This paper critically reviews therecent progress on the preparation and applications of CNT based membranes in water and wastewater treatment. Various synthesis techniques for the preparation of CNT based membranes are discussed. The functionalization ofCNTs, which involves chemical/physical modification of pristine CNTs with different types of functional groups,improves the capabilities of CNT for water and wastewater treatment and/or removal of waterborne contaminants.The CNT-based membrane applications are found to possess a variety of advantages, including improving waterpermeability, high selectivity and antifouling capability. However, their applications at full scale are still limitedby their high cost. Finally, we highlight that CNT membranes with promising removal efficiencies for respectivecontaminants can be considered for commercialization and to achieve holistic performance for the purpose ofwater treatment and desalination. This paper may provide an insight for the development of CNT based membranesfor water purification in the future. With their tremendous separation performance, low biofouling potential andultra-high water flux, CNT membranes have the potential to be a leading technology in water treatment, especiallydesalination.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Bodzek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krystyna Konieczny
2
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Kwiecińska-Mydlak
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Environmental Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
  2. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  3. Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal, Poland
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Abstract

The biofiltration process in the biologically activated carbon filters (BAC) is one of advanced methods of water treatment. It enables efficient elimination of dissolved organic matter and some inorganic pollutants. The production of high-quality drinking water requires an appropriate method of filter work control based on biofilm growth assessment. The first aim of the study was to assess the microbial development in beds of two BAC filters with the use of various methods. The second aim was to compare the obtained results and indicate the method which could support filter operators during routine control of biofiltration process. The study was carried out in a pilot scale on models of BAC filters during two filter runs. The analysis of Microorganisms was performed in water samples collected from different depths of the filter beds with the use of culture method (HPC), metabolica ctivity assay (with the FDA), epifluorescence microscopy – total cell count method (TCC) and biochemical method (system Vitek 2 Compact). No statistical correlation between HPC and metabolic activity assay was noted. Total bacteria number determined with the use of TCC was approx. 100–900 times higher than in the HPC method. The biochemical tests revealed the presence of several Gram-negative species. The comparison of the applied methods shows that microbial activity assay is the most useful, fast and low-cost method which may be applied additionally to the HPC method at standard water treatment plant laboratory.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Holc
1
ORCID: ORCID
Beata Mądrecka-Witkowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Małgorzata Komorowska-Kaufman
1
ORCID: ORCID
Elżbieta Szeląg-Wasielewska
2
Alina Pruss
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zefiryn Cybulski
3

  1. Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Poland
  2. Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Faculty of Biology, Department of Water Protection, Poland
  3. Greater Poland Cancer Center, Microbiology Laboratory, Poland
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of advanced oxidation process with the use of Fenton’s reaction on the effectiveness of anaerobic treatment of wastewaters originating from the wood industry that were characterized by a high concentration of formaldehyde. Experiments were established to analyze changes in COD content and in the concentration of formaldehyde in treated wastewaters, additional analyses were carried out to assay quantitative and qualitative changes in the biogas produced. The first stage of the experiment involved analyses of the effectiveness of the tested wastewaters treatment only in the process of methane fermentation. At the second stage of the experiment, the biological process was preceded by chemical pre-treatment of wastewaters with Fenton’s reagent. The conducted study proved that the investigated variants of chemical pre-treatment of wastewaters had a significant effect on increasing the total biogas production. In contrast, no significant effect of the applied technology was demonstrated on changes in the concentration of the analyzed contaminants in the treated wastewaters.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Grala
Marcin Zieliński
Magda Dudek
Marcin Dębowski
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Abstract

Chalcedonite is a diatomaceous sedimentary rock, which, on account of a very small occurrence area, is included into a group of unique rocks. It occurs at Dęborzynka, Gapinin, Lubocz and Teofilów deposits, located on the Rawska Plateau in the region of Tomaszów Mazowiecki and Nowe Miasto. The deposit in Teofilów is the only documented one and it is now being exploited. The surface of this deposit is 577 437 m2 and its geological resources were determined to be 21.587 - 106 kg (21 587.0 thousand tones). The main component of this rock is chalcedon (69.0-96.6 vol.%), however quartz, opal, iron hydroxides, pyrite, manganese compounds and clay minerals occur in small quantities. The active surface of chalcedonite is relatively small and it was determined as 3-6 m2/g. Chalcedonite had a mesoporous structure of a significantly high pore homogeneity, and the total volume of these pores was 0.03-0.04 cm3/g. On account of its small spatial distribution chalcedonite is a unique rock, which has multi-resource properties. It is useful for manufacturing perlite-like material, crystobalite, wollastonite and mullite. It was also found to be a valuable raw material for the production of pastes, scouring powders, grinder tools and also as good filler for the production of : paints, varnishes, enamel ware, lute and putty materials. Because of its mesoporous structure and due to extended outer surface of the grains, chalcedonite is utilized in water treatment technology, mostly as an effective filtration material. A high usefulness of chalcedonite bed for manganese and iron removal from water shows mostly the presence of a low height of iron removal zone in the filter, and it is also manifested by a relatively short time of introduction into effective manganese(II) removal, as well as by good hydraulic properties of the material, which enable to achieve high mass capacities of the filter and to reach long filtration cycles. Chalcedonit is a very good carrier of manganese oxides and its surface modification of leads to the creation of chemically active bed, which enables removal of manganese(II) from water with high efficiency and without the introduction process. Chalcedonite bed effective removes of ammonia nitrogen from the water in the process of nitrification and waste water treatment. Chalcedonite can be also taken into account as a sorbent for the removal of oil spills.

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena M. Michel
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Abstract

The effects of Mg and Ca on sulfide modification of sulphur steel were studied to elucidate the difference between micromagnesium treatment and micro-calcium treatment for the inclusion of sulphur steel. The results show that the inclusions in the steel appeared with an oxide core of Al2O3 and MnS wrapped. After the addition of Mg, the core was changed to spinel, and the MnS coating was changed to Mn-Mg-S. After Ca was added, the core was changed to Ca-Al-O, and the MnS coating was changed to Mn-Ca-S. The Mg content was higher than Ca content in the sulfides of the steel. Therefore, Mg was more effective than Ca in terms of sulfide modification with the same content of Mg and Ca in steel, but the yielding rate of Mg was lower than that of Ca. The Mg content in the oxide core was higher than Mg of the coating of the inclusions in the steel treated with Mg or Mg-Ca. In contrast, the Ca content in the oxide core was lower than Ca of the coating of the inclusions in the steel treated with Ca or Mg-Ca. MnS formed and precipitated during the melt solidification process. The complex sulfide (Mg-Mn-S) was precipitated around MgO·Al2O3 in the Mg treated steel during the cooling process. CaS inclusion was precipitated on the CaO·Al2O3 inclusions in the liquid Ca-treated steel. Thus, CaS was formed first, whereas MnS was formed during the cooling process, followed by the formation of complex sulfide (CaS+MnS), which finally precipitated around CaO·Al2O3 in the Ca-treated steel.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Tian
T. Qu
D. Wang
H. Wang
Z. Xu
E. Xinrui
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Abstract

The experimental pharmacologist Prof. Stanisław Jerzy Czuczwar, Vice President of the Polish Academy of Sciences, tells us about how he got into medical research, about the search for new epilepsy treatments, and how pharmaceuticals are in a way akin to cell phone towers.

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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Jerzy Czuczwar
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Abstract

Simulation is used today in many contexts, such as simulating technology to tune or optimize performance, safety engineering, testing, training, education, and entertainment. In some industries, simulations are commonly used, but in heat treatment this is rather an exception. The paper compares the simulation of carburization and nitrocementation of 16MnCr5 steel with a practical application. The aim was to determine the applicability of chemical heat treatment simulation. We were looking for an answer to the question: to what extent can we rely on the technological design of heat treatment? The software designed the heat treatment technology. He drew the technological process of chemical-thermal treatment of 16MnCr5 steel. The thickness of the cementite layer was 1 mm and the nitrocementation 1.2 mm. Changes in mechanical properties were observed. Cementing, nitrocementing, hardness, microhardness, metallography, and spectral analysis were practically performed. This article describes the benefits of simulation, speed and accuracy of the process. The only difference was in determining the carbon potential. The simulation confirmed the practical use and its contribution in the technological process.
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[11] Bepari M.M.A. (2017). Carburizing: A method of case hardening of steel. Materials Science and Materials Engineering. 2, 71-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.09187-6
[12] Skočovský, P., Bokůvka, O., Konečná, R., Tillová, E. (2014). Materials science. Edis – vydavateľstvo Žilinskej university, 343. ISBN 978-80-554-0871-2. (in Slovak).

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Authors and Affiliations

E. Kantoríková
1
ORCID: ORCID
P. Fabian
1
M. Sýkorová
1

  1. Department of Technological Engineering, University of Žilina in Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 010 26 Žilina, Slovakia
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Abstract

The work presents the results of the experimental research concerning the impact of a heat treatment (toughening) of aluminum bronze CuAl10Fe4Ni4 on its mechanical properties. The conditions of the experiments and selected results are described. A detailed description of the effects of individual heat treatment conditions namely low and high temperature aging is also presented in the work.

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Kluska-Nawarecka
Z. Górny
K. Saja
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Abstract

Badania nad poziomym rozmieszczeniem makrozoobentosu piaszczystego dna w okolicach Jastarni i Juraty prowadzone były jednorazowo latem 2004 roku. Wyznaczono 15 stanowisk w okolicach Juraty dzieląc stanowiska na cztery promienie oddalone od siebie o 100 m oraz 4 stanowiska w pobliżu portu w Jastarni. Bezkręgowce denne na tym obszarze reprezentowane były przez 18 gatunków i 3 grupy ponadgatunkowe, które w pobliżu Juraty osiągały zagęszczenie X = 1840 osobn. · nr' i masę mokrą X = 121,8 g,,,,;m·', a w okolicach Jastarni x = 638 osobn.im? i x = 376,6 g,,,,,,·m·'. Najczęściej spotykanymi gatunkami były Hediste diversicolor, Cerastoderma g!aucum i Hydrobia u/vae. Większą bioróżnorodnością wyznaczoną wskaźnikiem ShannonaWienera charakteryzowały się stanowiska najbardziej oddalone od brzegu w Juracie. Skład gatunkowy oraz struktura jakościowo-ilościowa fauny dennej w tej części Zatoki Puckiej świadczy o niezadowalającym stanie środowiska oraz niskiej wartości tych obszarów jako miejsca żerowania ryb.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krystian Obolewski
Anna Jarosiewicz
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Abstract

Two different porous ceramic carriers with immobilized activated sludge comprised a stationary filling of the reactors. Municipal wastewater was treated at hydraulic retention times from 15 to 70 min and internal circulation capacity of 20, 40 and 60 drn':h'. Depending on hydraulic retention time, the sludge yield ranged from 0.138 to 0.066 g TSS·g COD·' in reactor I and from 0.175 to 0.107 g TSS·g COD·' in reactor li. An increase in volumetric loading rate and internal circulation capacity caused a reduction in sludge yield. A decrease in the sludge yield corresponded to an increase in the ratio of endogenous to substrate respiration by the immobilized biomass
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Zielińska
Irena Wojnowska-Baryła
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Abstract

The results of investigations into suspended matter sedimentation from mine waters in the settling tank at the Ziemowit coal mine as well as in the relevant model of the settling tank were presented. It was shown that variations in the performance of the tank are caused by improperly accumulated sediment, which generates privileged water flow in superficial layers. Additionally, impetuous periodical water discharges seem to be important. The investigations performed on the settling tank model were focused on estimating the influence of temperature, flow rate and the aeration of mine water on the suspended matter sedimentation. Reasons for inefficiency of the settling tank were determined, and technological changes enhancing the process of suspensions removal were suggested.
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Authors and Affiliations

Beata Jabłońska
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Prof. Mirosław Wielgoś, MD, Rector at the Medical University of Warsaw, talks about why women of all ages should undergo prenatal testing and where they can turn for help.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Wielgoś
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Abstract

During the past several years big changes have been observed in waste water disposal, noticeable particularly in the improvement of water protection and sewage treatment. An important element of waste water disposal still requiring improvement is a low development of sewage systems in rural and urban areas. The main problem is an increasing amount of sludge, high degree of sediment hydration and considerable ability to anaerobic decomposition, a lack of areas for managing sediments near big cities and deposits of sediments on storage areas. Selected issues of waste water disposal and sludge handling in the Mazovian Province against a background of waste water disposal and sludge handling in Poland were presented in the article.

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Authors and Affiliations

Hanna Bauman-Kaszubska
Mikołaj Sikorski
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Abstract

In recent years, the technical and economic feasibility of using microalgae and cyanobacteria has been explored for the removal and exploitation of domestic, agricultural and industrial residual effluents with high C, N and P compounds content. To contribute to the understanding of the process and its technical viability for microalgae growth, the article discusses monitoring, flow determination, and physicochemical characteristics of two types of effluents generated in an experimental farm located in the east of Colombia, before (R1) and after biological treatment (R2). In general, the results showed the reduction of different parameters, such as total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, salinity and phosphates after treatment with activated sludge. However, the conductivity value obtained in R1 and R2 showed the presence of a pollutant load. These findings can be attributed to the highest concentration of fats and oils in the water during early hours of the day. Finally, although the concentration of nitrates increased from 46.63 to 225.21 mg∙dm–3 and phosphate decreased slightly from 9.65 to 6.21 mg∙dm–3, no inhibition was generated in the microalgae, as evidenced in the growth of the microalgal biomass in effluents after nitrate and phosphate removal above 80%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nestor Andres Urbina-Suarez
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andres Fernando Barajas-Solano
1
ORCID: ORCID
Janet Bibiana Garcia-Martinez
1
ORCID: ORCID
German Luciano Lopez-Barrera
1
ORCID: ORCID
Angel Dario González-Delgado
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, San José de Cúcuta, Colombia
  2. University of Cartagena, Avenida del Consulado Calle 30 No. 48-152, Cartagena, Bolívar, 130001, Colombia
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Abstract

Identification and ecological diagnostics of the influence of basic load parameters (the cumulative effect of air temperature, the amount of precipitation) is a fundamental aspect of the wastewater sludge treatment at drying beds. The positive dynamics of atmospheric precipitation and the long-term functioning of natural and technical systems for wastewater sludge treatment under the influence of excessive atmospheric moisture does not allow the treatment/drying of precipitation, which provokes soil pollution with subsequent diffusion of pollutants into groundwater, which leads to the degradation of the natural environment components interacting with drying beds. The article is devoted to the adaptation of the process of treatment/drying of wastewater sludge at drying beds. The method includes identification of the dynamics of climatic factors of a long-term chronological series, which makes it possible to predict the effect of atmospheric precipitation on the wastewater sludge drying. The costs for the implementation and subsequent use of the proposed method are absent or insignificant (in the conditions of an increase in usable area during the modernisation of existing drying beds) in comparison with the costs of well-known and widespread methods of deliquefaction.
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Bibliography

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DREGULO A.M. 2020. Vliyaniye klimaticheskikh faktorov na eksplua-tatsiyu prirodno-tekhnicheskikh sistem obrabotki otkhodov vodootvedeniya [Influence of climatic factors on the operation of natural and technical systems for waste treatment of waste-water disposal]. Vestnik Moskovskogo Unviersiteta. Seriya Geografiya. No. 6 p. 32–40.
DREGULO A.M., BOBYLEV N.G. 2021a. Integrated assessment of ground-water pollution from the landfill of sewage sludge. Journal of Ecological Engineering. Vol. 22(1) p. 68–75. DOI 10.12911/22998993/128872.
DREGULO A., BOBYLEV N. 2021b. Heavy metals and arsenic soil contamination resulting from wastewater sludge urban landfill disposal. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. Vol. 30(1) p. 81–89. DOI 10.15244/pjoes/121989.
DREGULO A.M., RODIONOV V.Z. 2020. «Goryachiye tochki» KHELKOM: zhivotnovodcheskiy kompleks «Pashskiy» kak ob”yekt nakoplen-nogo vreda okruzhayushchey srede [HELCOM “hot spots”: cattle-breeding complex “Pashskiy” as the object of accumulated environmental damage]. Theoretical and Applied Ecology. No. 4 p. 49–54. DOI 10.25750/1995-4301-2020-4-049-054.
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DREGULO A.M., VITKOVSKAYA R.F. 2020. Analysis of foreign and domestic practice of operating sludge platforms to minimize negative environmental impact. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 613, 012026. DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/613/1/012026.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrei Mikhailovich Dregulo
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Pechatnikov str. 16, 198099 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
  2. Saint-Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPC RAS), Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Korpusnaya str. 18, 197110, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Abstract

The influence of the hold time of the austempering heat treatment at 280°C on the microstructure and corrosion resistance in NaCl-based media of austempered ductile iron was investigated using X-ray diffraction, micro-hardness measurements, corrosion tests and surface observations. Martensite was only found in the sample which was heat treated for a short period (10 minutes). Corrosion tests revealed that this phase does not play any role in the anodic processes. Numerous small pits were observed in the α-phase which is the precursor sites in all samples (whatever the value of the hold time of the austempering heat treatment).

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Authors and Affiliations

H. Krawiec
V. Vignal
J. Lelito
A. Krystianiak
E. Tyrała
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Abstract

The effect of heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was investigated in the artificial saliva solution (MAS). It has been revealed that the thermal annealing treatment temperature favors the cathodic reactions and reduce the protective properties of passive film. The heat treatment causes the enrichment of β phase in vanadium. The lowest corrosion resistance in the artificial saliva revealed the Ti-6Al-4V alloy heated for 2 hours at 950°C. Heterogeneous distribution of vanadium within the β phase decreases the corrosion resistance of the Ti-6Al-4V.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Ryba
M. Kawalec
E. Tyrała
H. Krawiec
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Abstract

The study presents methods to be used for improving the performance parameters of car engine pistons made of EN AC-AlSi12CuNiMg alloy according to the PN-EN 1706: 2011. Pistons of slow sucking and turbocharged engines were researched. A solution heat and ageing treatments were applied according to four variants. Temperatures of the solution heat treatment were: 550 ±5°C; 510°C ±5°C; and alternate: 276 ±5°C/510 ±5°C. The solution time ranged from 6 min to 4 h. Temperatures of the ageing heat treatment were 20°C and 250°C, while the ageing time ranged from 1,5 to 3h. Natural ageing was performed in 5 days. Measurements of hardness HRB and the piston diameters were performed. An improvement in the performance parameters of combustion engines was observed. Three solution heat treatment and ageing variants, allowed to obtain the pistons with hardness equal/higher than pistons of the turbocharged engines. The test results confirmed the possibility of providing a piston with properties exceeding the high load parameters specified by the manufacturer. Further studies will make it possible to improve the effects of the proposed solutions.
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Bibliography

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[8] Javidani, M. & Larouche, D. (2014). Application of cast Al–Si alloys in internal combustion engine components. International Materials Reviews. 59(3), 132-158.
[9] Pietrowski, S. (2001) Silumins. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej. (in Polish).
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[11] Kaufman, J.G., Rooy, E.L. (2004). Aluminum Alloy Castings: Properties, Processes and Applications. ASM International.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Trepczyńska-Łent
1
ORCID: ORCID
K. Műller
2

  1. Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. prof. S. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
  2. Bergerat Monnoyeur Sp. z o.o. – Caterpillar, Poland
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Abstract

The study presented in this paper concerned the possibility to apply a heat treatment process to ductile cast-iron thin-walled castings in order to remove excessive quantities of pearlite and eutectic cementite precipitates and thus meet the customer’s requirements. After determining the rates of heating a casting up to and cooling down from 900°C feasible in the used production heat treatment furnace (vh = 300°C/h and vc = 200°C/h, respectively), dilatometric tests were carried out to evaluate temperatures Tgr, TAc1start, TAc1end, TAr1start, and TAr1end. The newly acquired knowledge was the base on which conditions for a single-step ferritizing heat treatment securing disintegration of pearlite were developed as well as those of a two-step ferritization process guaranteeing complete disintegration of cementite and arriving at the required ferrite and pearlite content. A purely ferritic matrix and hardness of 119 HB was secured by the treatment scheme: 920°C for 2 hours / vc = 60°C/h / 720°C for 4 hours. A matrix containing 20–45% of pearlite and hardness of 180–182 HB was obtained by applying: 920°C for 2 hours or 4 hours / vc = 200°C/h to 650°C / ambient air.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Mróz
ORCID: ORCID
A.W. Orłowicz
ORCID: ORCID
M. Tupaj
ORCID: ORCID
B. Kupiec
M. Kawiński
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Abstract

Heat treatment processes, due to qualitative requirements for the cast machinery components and restrictions on energy consumption resulting on the one hand from environmental concerns, and on the other hand from a requirements coming from minimization of manufacturing costs, are resulting in searching after a technologies enabling obtainment of satisfactory results, in form of improved mechanical properties mainly, while minimizing (limiting) parameters of successive operations of the heat treatment. Heat treatment of the T6 type presented in this paper consists in operations of heating of investigated alloys to suitably selected temperature (range of this temperature was evaluated on the base of the ATD method), holding at such temperature for a short time, and next rapid cooling in water (20 oC) followed by artificial ageing, could be such technology in term s of above mentioned understanding of this issue. Performed T6 heat treatment with limited parameters of solutioning operation resulted in visible increase in tensile strength Rm of AlSi7Mg, AlSi7Cu3Mg and AlSi9Cu3(Fe) alloys.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Pezda
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Abstract

Laser cladding is a method that can be applied to repair the crack and break on the mold and die surfaces, as well as generate new attributes on the surface to improve toughness, hardness, and corrosion resistance. It is used to extend the life of the mold. It also has the advantages of superior bonding strength and precision coating on a local area compared with the conventional thermal spraying technology. In this study, we investigated the effect of cladding on low carbon alloy steel using 18%Cr-2.5%Ni-Fe powder (Rockit404), which showed high hardness on the die surface. The process conditions were performed in an argon atmosphere using a diode laser source specialized for 900-1070 nm, and the output conditions were 5, 6, and 10 kW, respectively. After the cladding was completed, the surface coating layer’s shape, the hardness according to the cross-section’s thickness, and the microstructure were analyzed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Cheol-Woo Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hyo-Sang Yoo
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jae-Yeol Jeon
1
Kyun-Taek Cho
1
Se-Weon Choi
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Smart Mobility Materials and Components R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 1110-9 Ory ong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwan gju, Republic of Korea

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