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Telecommunications Wireless Generations: Overview, Technological Differences, Evolutional Triggers, and the Future

Godfred Yaw Koi-Akrofi Marcellinus Kuuboore Daniel Adjei Odai Albert Neequaye Kotey
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 1 | 105-114 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.144338
Keywords telecommunications generations wireless triggers evolution
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Abstract

This study expands on prior studies on wireless telecommunication generations by examining the technological differences and evolutional triggers that characterise each Generation (from 1G to 5G). Based on a systematic literature review approach, this study examines fifty (50) articles to enhance our understanding of wireless generation evolution. Specifically, this study analyses i) the triggers that necessitated the evolution of wireless telecommunication generations and ii) makes a case regarding why it is imperative to look beyond the fifth Generation (5G) network technologies. The authors propose areas for future research.
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Authors and Affiliations

Godfred Yaw Koi-Akrofi
1
Marcellinus Kuuboore
1
Daniel Adjei Odai
2
Albert Neequaye Kotey
3
  1. IT Studies, University of Professional Studies Accra, Ghana
  2. Vodafone Ghana, Ghana
  3. Ericsson BGH, Ghana

Zero-Suppression Trigger Mode for GEM Detector Measurement System

Piotr Kolasinski Krzysztof Pozniak Andrzej Wojenski Paweł Linczuk Rafał Krawczyk Michał Gaska Wojciech Zabolotny Grzegorz Kasprowicz Maryna Chernyshova Tomasz Czarski
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 103-108 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2021.135950
Keywords FPGA GEM trigger sequencer DAQ Xilinx
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Abstract

A novel approach to a trigger mode in the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector readout system is presented. The system is already installed at WEST tokamak. The article briefly describes the architecture of the GEM detector and the measurement system. Currently the system can work in two trigger modes: Global Trigger and Local Trigger. All trigger processing blocks are parts of the Charge Signal Sequencer module which is responsible for transferring data to the PC. Therefore, the article presents structure of the Sequencer with details about basic blocks, theirs functionality and output data configuration. The Sequencer with the trigger algorithms is implemented in an FPGA chip from Xilinx. Global Trigger, which is a default mode for the system, is not efficient and has limitations due to storing much data without any information. Local trigger which is under tests, removes data redundancy and is constructed to send only valid data, but the rest of the software, especially on the PC side, is still under development. Therefore authors propose the trigger mode which combines functionality of two existing modes. The proposed trigger, called Zero Suppression Trigger, is compatible with the existing interfaces of the PC software, but is also capable to verify and filter incoming signals and transfer only recognized events. The results of the implementation and simulation are presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Kolasinski
1
Krzysztof Pozniak
1
Andrzej Wojenski
1
Paweł Linczuk
2
Rafał Krawczyk
1 3
Michał Gaska
1
Wojciech Zabolotny
1
Grzegorz Kasprowicz
1
Maryna Chernyshova
4
Tomasz Czarski
4
  1. Institute of Electronic Systems, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Institute of Electronic Systems, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
  3. CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
  4. Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland

Non-fragile event-triggered control of positive switched systems with random nonlinearities and controller perturbations

Yanqi Wu Junfeng Zhang Shizhou Fu
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 5 | e138566 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.138566
Keywords positive switched systems non-fragile event-triggered control random nonlinearities random controller perturbations
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Abstract

This paper investigates the non-fragile event-triggered control of positive switched systems with random nonlinearities and controller perturbations. The random nonlinearities and controller perturbations are assumed to obey Bernoulli and Binomial sequence, respectively. A class of linear event-triggering conditions is introduced. A switched linear co-positive Lyapunov function is constructed for the systems. For the same probability with respect to nonlinearities and controller perturbations in each subsystem, a non-fragile controller of positive switched systems is designed in terms of linear programming. Then, the different probability case is considered and the corresponding non-fragile event-triggered control is explored. Finally, the effectiveness of theoretical findings is verified via two examples.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yanqi Wu
1
Junfeng Zhang
1
Shizhou Fu
1
  1. School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China

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