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Abstract

The paper presents the results of preliminary studies on the properties of products made by vitrification of waste containing fly ashes from sewage sludge incineration. The performed tests of hazardous substances leached from the ashes, as well as the results of other laboratory tests confirmed the efficacy of vitrification. It has been found that the resulting products (sinters) could be used as a substitute aggregate for road foundations.

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Authors and Affiliations

G. Borowski
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Abstract

In this study, the effects of oleic (18:1 cis-9-octadecenoic acid) and linoleic (18:2 (n-6), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid) acids added to the embryo culture media for bovine embryonic development after vitrification were investigated in cattle. Following maturation and fertilization, the oocytes were placed in Charles Rosencrans (CR1aa) culture drops containing 10, 100, 500, and 1000 μM of oleic or linoleic acids. On day 7 or 8 of the culture, the blastocysts and expanded blastocysts were vitrified and warmed to evaluate the viability and development. High doses of oleic acid (1000 μM) in the culture media increased the viability of embryos after vitrification. Similarly, linoleic acid at 1000 μM increased the viability compared to the other linoleic acid doses. It was observed that the addition of essential fatty acids improved the development of embryos. Increasing the concentration of linoleic and oleic acid concentrations in the media proportionally advanced the embryonic development and hatching capability after vitrification/warming. Specifically, the addition of high doses of oleic acid had dramatic effects on the embryonic development after vitrification/warming probably due to the increased lipid storage. In conclusion, the present results suggest that the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids in the culture media affects significantly the embryonic development in vitro.

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Authors and Affiliations

T. Karaşahin
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Abstract

Numerous plant species around the world suffer from the presence of viruses, which especially in economically important crops, cause irretrievable damage and/or extensive losses. Many biotechnological approaches have been developed, such as meristem culture, chemotherapy, thermotherapy or cryotherapy, to eliminate viruses from infected plants. These have been used alone or in combination. In this work, meristem culture, thermotherapy and cryotherapy were compared for Apple mosaic virus elimination from hazelnut local cultivar “Palaz”. The virus-free plant was also confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after each treatment and, the best results were obtained by cryotherapy. A one step freezing technique, droplet vitrification, was used for cryotherapy, and the best regeneration percentage was 52%. After cryotherapy, virus-free seedlings of hazelnut local cultivar “Palaz” were confirmed as being virus-free after three subcultured periods.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ergun Kaya
1

  1. Molecular Biology and Genetics, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
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Abstract

The article presents the results of plasma vitrification of solid remnants from thermal waste treatment with and without the addition of a carbonate fraction obtained from lead-zinc ore flotation. The substrates used in the research were slags and ashes from medical waste treatment, incineration of municipal waste, sewage sludge as well as hazardous and industrial wastes.

The plasma treatment resulted in acquiring products of different quality depending on the processed substrate. Most of the obtained products were of vitreous and homogenic build. Treatment of remnants from incineration of hazardous and industrial wastes resulted in obtaining heterogeneous and rough surfaced products. A 20% share of the carbonate fraction enabled the obtaining of a vitrified product with a glassy surface and fracture. Hardness of the obtained products was rated in Mohs scale and ranged from 6 to 6,5. Leaching tests showed a decrease in heavy metal concentration in the leachates from vitrificates with the addition of carbonate fraction compared to the ones with it.

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Authors and Affiliations

January Bień
Bartosz Morzyk
Katarzyna Wystalska
Piotr Celary
Jolanta Sobik-Szołtysek

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