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Abstract

Recent studies in the area of biological air treatment in filters have addressed fundamental key issues, such as a biofilter bed of different origin composed of natural zeolite granules, foam cubes and wood chips. When foam and zeolite are mixed with wood chips to remove volatile organic compounds from the air, not only biological but also adsorption air purification methods are accomplished. The use of complex purification technologies helps to improve the efficiency of a filter as well as the bed service life of the filter bed. Investigations revealed that microorganisms prevailing in biological purification, can also reproduce themselves in biofilter beds of inorganic and synthetic origin composed of natural zeolite and foam. By cultivating associations of spontaneous microorganisms in the filter bed the dependencies of the purification efficiency of filter on the origin, concentration and filtration time of injected pollutants were determined. The highest purification efficiency was obtained when air polluted with acetone vapour was supplied to the equipment at 0.1 m/s of superficial gas velocity. When cleaning air from volatile organic compounds (acetone, toluene and butanol), under the initial pollutant concentration of ~100 mg/m3, the filter efficiency reached 95 %.

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Authors and Affiliations

Alvydas Zagorskis
Rasa Vaiškūnaitė
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Abstract

The paper presents new non-ionic deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of natural and non-toxic components i.e. guaiacol, camphor and levulinic acid in 1:1:3 molar ratio as a promising absorbent for removal of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including dichloromethane, toluene, hexamethyldisiloxane and propionaldehyde from model biogas. The affi nity of DES for VOCs was determined as vapour-liquid coeffi cients and the results were compared with several well-known DESs based on quaternary ammonium salt as well as n-hexadecane and water. For new DES, the absorption process was carried out under dynamic conditions. The results indicate that non-ionic DES has high affi nity and capacity for VOCs being comparable to n-hexadecane. In addition, absorbed VOCs could be easily desorbed from DES using activated carbon and absorbent could be re-use minimum fi ve times without significant loss of absorption capacity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Edyta Słupek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Patrycja Makoś
1
Jacek Gębicki
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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Abstract

This work presents results of investigations on biotrickling filtration of air polluted with cyclohexane co-treated in binary, ternary and quaternary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) mixtures, including vapors of hexane, toluene and ethanol. The removal of cyclohexane from a gas mixture depends on the physicochemical properties of the co-treated VOCs and the lower the hydrophobicity of the VOC, the higher the removal efficiency of cyclohexane. In this work, the performance of biotrickling filters treating VOCs mixtures is discussed based on surface tension of trickling liquid for the first time. A mixed natural – synthetic packing for biotrickling filters was utilized, showing promising performance and limited maintenance requirements. Maximum elimination capacity of about 95 g/(m 3·h) of cyclohexane was reached for the total VOCs inlet loading of about 450 g/(m 3·h). This work presents also a novel approach of combining biological air treatment with management of a spent trickling liquid in the perspective of circular economy assumptions. The waste liquid phase was applied to the plant cultivation, showing a potential for e.g. enhanced production of energetic biomass or polluted soil phytoremediation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Rybarczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bartosz Szulczyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dominik Dobrzyniewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Karolina Kucharska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Gębicki
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Narutowicza 11/12, Poland
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Abstract

The influence of a fixed adsorption bed height on the adsorption process was studied using acetone, ethyl acetate, toluene, and n-butyl acetate as a gaseous adsorbate mixture. All experiments were conducted under the same gas flow and temperature conditions. Concentrations of adsorbates were monitored using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Activated carbon WG-12 (Grand Activated Sp. z o.o) was selected as the adsorbent, and the following heights of the fixed adsorption bed were used: 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 4.8 cm. The results of the study allowed to deduce that as the height of the fixed adsorption bed increased, the degree of displacement of adsorbate molecules from the bed strengthened. In addition, it was found that both the bed breakthrough time increased linearly with a height rise of the fixed adsorption bed. The process carried out on a fixed adsorption bed with a height of 0.8 cm was characterized by an undeveloped mass transfer zone, as well as the complete displacement of the most volatile components (acetone and ethyl acetate). The utilization rate of the fixed adsorption bed also increased as the height of the adsorption bed went up. However, at a certain bed height, the bed breakthrough curves were formed and the adsorption capacity did not change significantly, solely the bed breakthrough time increased.
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Authors and Affiliations

Martyna Jurkiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marlena Musik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Robert Pełech
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland
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Abstract

Waste management faces more and more serious challenges, especially given the growing amount of municipal waste generated in Poland and the resulting environmental impact. One of the significant environmental aspects of waste management is the emission of odorants and odors. Taking into account the odor problem, the majority of municipal waste generated is being collected as mixed waste (62% of municipal waste), which by weight contains approximately 32.7% of kitchen and garden waste. These organic fractions are mainly responsible for the emission of odor and odorants. Those substances can be emitted at every stage: from the waste collection at residential waste bins, through transport, waste storage, and transfer stations, up to various respective treatment facilities, i.e., mechanical-biological waste treatment plants, landfills, or waste incineration plants. The gathered data during the study showed that it is necessary to increase the share of different waste management methods, i.e., recycling, composting, or fermentation processes rather than landfilling to meet all necessary regulations and to fulfill provisions of the waste hierarchy. One of the actions indicated in the legal solutions is expansion, retrofitting, and construction of new sorting plants, anaerobic digestion plants, composting plants, and increase in thermal treatment capacity. Variety of different processes that could emit odors and a diversity of different odor-generating substances released from particular waste management steps should be taken into consideration when building new facilities which are suitable for waste treatment. The overall aim of the work was to characterize and summarize available knowledge about waste management system in Poland and to gather information about odor-generating substances emitted from different waste management steps and facilities, which could be a potential source of information for preparing legal solutions to reduce possible odor nuisance form broadly understood waste management.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Pawnuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bartosz Szulczyński
2
ORCID: ORCID
Emilia den Boer
1
ORCID: ORCID
Izabela Sówka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Environment Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
  2. Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

In response to stresses, plants are capable of communicating their physiological status to other individuals in the community using several chemical cues. Nearby receivers then adjust their own homeostasis to increase resilience. The majority of studies to date have concentrated on the communication of abiotic stressors (e.g., salinity or drought) or herbivory. Less attention has been paid to the role of communication during microbial infections and almost nothing has focused on viruses. Here we investigated the effect that the prevalence of a turnip mosaic virus in a community of Arabidopsis thaliana has on the severity of symptoms developed in a group of receivers. First, we looked at the influence of two factors on the kinetics of symptom progression in the receivers, namely the prevalence of infection among emitters and the growth stage of the receiver plants at inoculation. We found that young receiver plants developed milder symptoms than older ones, and that high infection prevalence resulted in slower disease progression in receivers. Second, we tested the possibility that jasmonates could act as chemical signaling cues. To do this, we examined the kinetics of symptom progression in jasmonate-insensitive and wild-type plants. The results showed that the protective effect vanished in the mutant plants. Third, we investigated the possibility that root communication could also be relevant. We found that the kinetics of symptom progression across receivers was further slowed down in an age-dependent manner when plants were planted in the same pot. Together, these preliminary findings point to a potential function for disease prevalence in plant communities in regulating the severity of symptoms, this effect being mediated by some volatile organic compounds.
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Authors and Affiliations

Francisca de la Iglesia
1
Santiago F. Elena
1 2

  1. Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (I2SysBio), CSIC-Universitat de València, CL.Catedrático Agustín Escardino Belloch 9, Paterna, 46980 València, Spain
  2. Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA

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