Pyrolysis is often a first step in the incineration process, especially of the hazardous waste. One of examples of such installation is presented in the paper cylindrical pyrolysis chamber, applied in the incineration plant for medical waste. In the chamber the carbonisation of the waste takes place and the products, such as volatiles and carbonisate are burned in the cylindrical combustion chamber surrounding the pyrolysis chamber. Such configuration provides the heat transport from the flue gases to the carbonising material. To model the processes taking place in the pyrolysis chamber the energy and mass balance equations have been defined. The system of equations was solved for the exemplary material, such as wood sawdust, of a known thermophysical properties. Results are presented as diagrams of various parameters inside the two-dimension domain of the chamber.

The paper presents a concept of producing energy on the basis of modern alternative fuels to be burnt in low- and medium-power stokerfired boilers. The thermal energy contained in water vapour and hot water will be utilized in producing, in combination, of electrical energy, and for heating of cubature objects. Modern alternative fuels in the form of briquettes and pellets will be produced from hard coals and municipal waste other than hazardous. There have been presented the properties of alternative fuels obtained, and the concept of their utilization in the process of energy production in cogeneration.

The object of the investigation was metal contamination of bottom sediments of the Skroda and

Chwaliszówka rivers, which are the right contributaries of the Lusatian Neisse river, draining the territory of

the so called “anthropogenic lake district”. The district came into existence as a result of mining activities in the

border of Silesia and Lusatia, which date from the half of 19th century to 1974. The district includes about 100

reservoirs, of the total area of over 150 ha, which are from about 30 to 100 years old.

The rocks accompanying the Miocene coal-bearing formations were deposited on waste dumps. The dumps

form embankments of the aquifers arising as a result of post-exploitation mining subsidence. The streams dewatering waste dumps inflow directly or indirectly to the Chwaliszówka and Skroda rivers. The pyrite is the

mineral present in mine waste material. The pyrite weathering products inflow into surface waters and affect

adversely the water quality. In the last stage of migration the pollutants are accumulated in the bottom sediments

of rivers and lakes. The samples of bottom sediments of the two rivers were analysed by means of a five-step

sequential extraction procedure performed for the partitioning of selected trace metals (Fe, Mn, As, Cr and Al).

It was determined that the bottom sediments of the two analysed rivers contain significant concentrations of

aluminium and iron. The concentrations of other metals (Mn, Cr and As) are in the range of geochemical background of water sediments in Poland. Concentrations of arsenium, chromium and manganese, which are bound

to easy-available fractions (I – exchangeable and II – bound to carbonates) are not significant, so it could be

assumed that they are not expected to be released and they do not threaten the river ecological system. There is,

however, the possibility of the aluminium and iron re-mobilisation, taking into account the high concentrations

of easy-available fractions of these metals in the sediment. Fe and Al are potential source of water contamination, and re-mobilisation of these metals will produce the aggravation of quality parameters of river waters.

This paper is focused on the manufacturing and properties of light weight aggregates made from local waste materials. The waste materials were car windshield glass contaminated by PVB foil, fly ash, mine slates as well as wastes after toothpaste production. The main aim of the research was to combine car windshield glass and the aluminosilicate coal mine slates as a basis for light weight aggregates manufacturing. Fly ash were added in order to modify rheological properties of the plastic mass. Toothpaste wastes were introduced as a source of carbonates and CO2 evolution during thermal treatment. After milling and mixing all materials they were pressed and sintered at temperature range of 950°C-1100°C in air. The results show that it is possible to receive light weight aggregates only from the Silesian local waste materials. The significant influence of sintering temperature on properties of aggregates was observed.

The presented work introduces a simple modification of coal fl y ash (FA) with 30% solution of H ₂0 ₂, used as a new efficient sorbent for the removal of organic dye crystal violet (CV) in the presence of Cu(II) ions in single- and bi-component systems Cu(II)-CV. FT-IR, TG, SEM-EDS, and XRD suggested that the mechanism of Cu(II) and CV sorption onto FA-H ₂O ₂ includes ion-exchange and surface adsorption process. Comparing the values of the reduced chi-square test (χ ²/DoF) and the determination coefficient R ² obtained for CV of the considered isotherms, the fitting degree follows the sequence: Jovanović > Langmuir > Elovich > Freundlich > Redlich-Peterson (R-P) > Tóth > Halsey > BET. Sorption of Cu(II) ions in a single system by means of FA-H ₂O ₂ was well fi tted by the Langmuir and R-P model. The studies of equilibrium in a bi-component system by means of extended Langmuir (EL), extended Langmuir-Freundlich (ELF), and Jain-Snoeyink (JS) models were analysed. The estimation of parameters of sorption isotherms in a bi-component system Cu(II)-CV has shown that the best of fi t calculated values of experimental data for both sorbates have been the EL model and the JS model, but only in the case of a CV dye. The sorption kinetic of Cu(II) and CV onto FA-H ₂O ₂ was discussed by means of the PFO, PSO, and intra-particle diff usion models.

The goal of this study is to develop a method of manufacturing porous ceramic skeletons used as semi-finished products for reinforcement of composite materials or as filters. For manufacturing skeletons, only waste materials from coal combustion (fly ashes and bottom slags) as well as rubber granules from used tires and car parts were used. These granules were a pore-forming agent that underwent thermal degradation during sintering process. The influence of sintering temperature, portion, and type of rubber granules on the porosity of developed ceramic skeletons was determined. The study of structure of base materials and the developed ceramic skeletons in a scanning electron microscope as well as their X-ray phase analysis were made. Results will allow to predict phases that can be formed on the metal-reinforcement interface during pressure infiltration.

Odpady pogalwaniczne zaliczane są do odpadów niebezpiecznych. dlatego muszą być unieszkodliwiane. Jedną z najprostszych metod unieszkodliwiania jest zestalanie w spoiwach mineralnych. W niniejszej pracy przeprowadzono próby zestalania w zaprawie cementowej oraz w zaprawie cementowej z dodatkiem pyłów krzemionkowych odpadu powstałego po neutralizacji zużytych kąpieli do trawienia, rozcieńczonych wodami poplucznymi, pochodzącymi z procesu cynkowania oraz miedziowania drutu. Badania wykazały, że dodatek odpadów w ilości do 5% jest bezpieczny pod względem ekologicznym. Przy takiej ilości dodatku odpadów do cementu następuje nieznaczne obniżenie parametrów fizykomechanicznych, a metale są trwale irnmobilizowane w matrycy. Dodatek pyłów krzemionkowych w ilości 10% do cementu poprawiał cechy wytrzymałościowe wyrobów, ale wprowadzenie odpadów obniżało te parametry.