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Modelling and experimental investigation of waste tyre pyrolysis process in a laboratory reactor

Leszek Rudniak Piotr M. Machniewski
Chemical and Process Engineering | 2017 | vol. 38 | No 3 | 445-454 | DOI: 10.1515/cpe-2017-0034
Keywords waste tyres pyrolysis kinetics CFD
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Abstract

A mathematical model of waste tyre pyrolysis process is developed in this work. Tyre material decomposition based on a simplified reaction mechanism leads to main product lumps: noncondensable (gas), condensable (pyrolytic oil) and solid (char). The model takes into account kinetics of heat and mass transfer in the grain of the shredded rubber material as well as surrounding gas phase. The main reaction routes were modelled as the pseudo-first order reactions with a rate constant calculated from the Arrhenius type equation using literature values of activation energy determined for main tyre constituents based on TG/DTG measurements and tuned pre-exponential parameter values obtained by fitting theoretical predictions to the experimental results obtained in our laboratory reactor. The model was implemented within the CFD software (ANSYS Fluent). The results of numerical simulation of the pyrolysis process revealed non-uniformity of sample’s porosity and temperature. The simulation predictions were in satisfactory agreement with the experimentally measured mass loss of the tyre sample during pyrolysis process investigated in a laboratory reactor.

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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek Rudniak
Piotr M. Machniewski

Adsorption of Rhodamine B from water by activated char obtained from end-of-life tyre pyrolysis

Krzysztof Kuśmierek Andrzej Świątkowski Tomasz Kotkowski Robert Cherbański Eugeniusz Molga
Chemical and Process Engineering: New Frontiers | 2023 | vol. 44 | No 1 | e1 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.142290
Keywords Rhodamine B adsorption pyrolysis waste tyres tyre pyrolysis char
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Abstract

Three activated chars obtained from end-of-life tyre pyrolysis differing in activation time (AC110 – 110 min, AC130 – 130 min, and AC150 – 150 min) were successfully used as adsorbents for the removal of model dye – Rhodamine B (RhB) from aqueous solutions. The effects of solution pH, adsorption kinetics, and equilibrium adsorption were investigated. The results showed that the adsorption was strongly pH-dependent; the highest percentage of RhB dye adsorbed was obtained at pH 2.0 and the removal efficiency decreased with an increase in solution pH. Adsorption kinetics was analyzed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Weber-Morris, and Boyd kinetic models. It was found that the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation was the most appropriate for describing the adsorption kinetics and that the RhB adsorption process was controlled by a film diffusion mechanism. Adsorption equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Elovich isotherm models. The equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir model with the monolayer adsorption capacities of 69.96, 94.34, and 133.3 μmol/g for AC110, AC130, and AC150, respectively. It was concluded that the adsorption of RhB was closely correlated with the specific surface area (and activation time) of the activated chars.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Kuśmierek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Świątkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Kotkowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Robert Cherbański
2
ORCID: ORCID
Eugeniusz Molga
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Military University of Technology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, ul. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, ul. Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland

Waste tyre bales in road engineering: an overview of applications

Aleksander Duda Tomasz Siwowski
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 3 | 213-230 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2021.138052
Keywords waste tyre tyre bale embankment slope stabilization lightweight backfill retaining structure
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Abstract

Waste tyres are among the largest and most problematic sources of waste today, due to the large volume produced and their long-lasting decomposition and resistance to water and extreme temperatures. Since 2000 in Europe the EU Landfill Directive has forbidden the disposal of waste tyres in a landfill. Since then waste tyre derived products (TDP), including whole tyres, tyre bales, shreds, chips, and crumb rubber, have been widely used also in civil engineering applications. The baling is nowadays the best way for the product recycling of waste tyres. Waste tyre bales have considerable potential for use in road applications, particularly where their low density, permeability and ease of handling give them an advantage. Road applications include but are not limited to: embankments construction, slope stabilization and repair (landslides), road foundations over soft ground, backfill material for retaining walls and gravity retaining structures (gabion-type). Several case studies, showing the opportunities to use waste tyre bales in road construction, are presented and illustrated in the paper preceded by providing the engineering properties of waste tyre bales, used within the road structures constructed worldwide. The article also describes the first world application of abutment backfill from the tyre bales in a road bridge, realized in Poland.
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Bibliography


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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksander Duda
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Siwowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture, Al. Powstanców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland

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