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Abstract

The paper presents results of a study concerning ammonium and nitratc(V) fixation by soil irrigated with municipal wastcwatcrs ( 1 - 60 mm and 2 doses - 120 mm) and estimation or the possibility or using organic soil and grass-mixture for the wastewater treatment. It was found that the studied soil and the plant applied showed a very high capacity or binding ammonium ions (up to 96%), and lower in the case ofnitrates(V) (up to 71 %). It was also demonstrated that the single irrigation dose was better utilized compared to the double dose.
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Authors and Affiliations

Urszula Kotowska
Teresa Włodarczyk
Barbara Witkowska-Walczak
Cezary Sławiński
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Abstract

The adsorption of cadmium(ll) ions by low moor Alder Peat occurring in the overburden of brown coal deposits in Bełchatów Brown Coal Mine was investigated under dynamic conditions. Cadmium(ll) ions were applied to the column in aqueous solutions containing either cadmium sulfate or cadmium chloride. Solutions were also prepared containing cadmium ions alone or in combination with zinc(ll) and copper(ll) ions. The peat used as the adsorbent in this study had a high capacity for adsorbing the ions tested. The cadmium adsorbing capacity of the peat was significantly affected by pH, the anions present in the solution, and other cations present in the solution. The cadmium adsorbing capacity of the peat was significantly lower in the presence of other metal cations such as zinc(l l) and copper(l l), because these cations effectively compete with cadmium ions for binding sites on the peat. Peat can be recommended for purification processes designed to remove cadmium ions. Because cadmium ions arc predominantly loosely bound to the peat, they are easily extracted. This means that the cadmium adsorbing capacity of the peat is regenerated so that it can be used in further purification cycles.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Kyzioł-Komosińska
Irena Twardowska
Aneta Kocela
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Abstract

The process of sorption of chromium(III) ions with a stationary sorbent layer of bentonite clays was investigated. The main advantages of using bentonites in water purification technologies are described: powerful geological reserves, cheap process of rock extraction, easy preparation for transportation and use, possibility of using waste sorbents in other technol-ogies that is why there is no need in costly regeneration. The influence of various factors (process duration, an adsorbent layer) on the degree of wastewater purification from chromium ions, the effect of pumping speed on the dynamic capacity of the sorbent was studied and the effective volume was determined. The adsorption efficacy increases with the increase of the adsorbent layer, what can be explained by the development of the active sorption surface. As the initial concentration of chromium ions increases, the time of appearance of the first traces of the contaminant at the exit of the column increases, as well as the total time to channeling. The results of the studies indicate a higher adsorption capacity of modified bentonite with respect to Cr3+ ions compared to its natural formula. The cleaning efficacy of the solution with a concentration of chromium ions of 0.5 g∙dm–3 is increased by 5% when using 15 g of modified bentonite and 6,5% in the case one uses 20 g compared to the natural form.
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Authors and Affiliations

Christina Soloviy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Myroslav Malovanyy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olga Palamarchuk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Iryna Trach
3
ORCID: ORCID
Halyna Petruk
4
ORCID: ORCID
Halyna Sakalova
4
ORCID: ORCID
Tamara Vasylinych
4
ORCID: ORCID
Nataliya Vronska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lviv Polytechnic National University, Viacheslav Chornovil Institute of Sustainable Development, Department of Ecology and Sustainable Environmental Management, Lviv, Ukraine
  2. Vinnytsia Mykhajlo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Educational and Scientific Institute of Pedagogy, Psychology, Department of Psychology and Social Work, Vinnitsa, Ukraine
  3. Vinnytsia National Technical University, Institute for Environmental Safety and Environmental Monitoring, Department of Ecology and Environmental Safety, Vinnitsa, Ukraine
  4. Vinnytsia Mykhajlo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University, Faculty of Natural and Geography, Department of Chemistry, Vinnitsa, Ukraine
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Abstract

The objective of this experimental study was to examine whether an assisting layer of lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) of the granulation 1–4 mm, introduced into a subsoil, is able to improve an efficiency of removal of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from domestic wastewater. In the investigations, an assisting 0.10 and 0.20 m thick LECA layer was applied. It has been observed that the effectiveness of removal of total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen and total phosphorus from wastewater as well as the level of biochemical oxygen demand ( BOD 5) and chemical oxygen demand ( COD) is in accordance with the Polish standards on wastewater disposal into grounds and surface water. The performed experiments showed that the effectiveness of raw wastewater purification for the medium sand soil bed with the 0.20 m thick assisting LECA layer is higher than for the 0.10 m thick assisting layer. In the medium sand soil bed with the 0.20 m thick assisting LECA layer, the removal efficiency regarding total nitrogen increased by 20.6%, total phosphorus by 5.2%, ammonium nitrogen by 8.8% and TSS by 5.3%, and reduction efficiency regarding BOD 5 increased by 1.7% and COD by 2.3% with relation to the 0.10 m thick assisting LECA layer (all percentages – in average). The results of the experiment showed that the LECA with the granulation 1–4 mm can be used to assist in removal of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from wastewater with application of infiltration drainage.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Kalenik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Wichowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Chalecki
2
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Kiczko
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitary Engineering, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Institute of Civil Engineering, Department of Mechanics and Building Structures, Warsaw, Poland

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