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Predicting water erosion in arid lands using the GIS-based RUSLE model: A case study of Bedour catchment, central Tunisia

Chokri Bedoui
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2019 | No 40
Keywords Tunisia arid lands GIS, RUSLE, water erosion
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Authors and Affiliations

Chokri Bedoui

Reading a river’s deep secrets

Tomasz Falkowski Ewa Falkowska
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2016 | Nr 3 (47) Singularity | 50-53
Keywords water erosion river deposition river managing
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Abstract

Water reaches a river in the form of surface runoff (precipitation that has not seeped into the ground) or underground outflow (groundwater). Both of these factors affect the erosion and river deposition processes that shape the river valley. Understanding them is crucial for effective river management.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Falkowski
ORCID: ORCID
Ewa Falkowska

Spatialization of water erosion using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method in the high valley of the Medjerda, eastern Algeria

Moufida Belloula Hadda Dridi Mehdi Kalla
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2020 | No 44 | 19-25 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2019.127041
Keywords AHP GIS Medjerda River spatialization water erosion watershed
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Abstract

The present study tries to quantify soil losses using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and analytic hierarchy pro-cess (AHP) in the Medjerda watershed (Algerian-Tunisian border). The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used in the quantification of erosion qualitative characteristics, through its weighting. It is used for many problems requiring decision-making. This catchment area is characterized by moderately consistent lithology, irregular rainfall, medium slope and low vegetation cover, which makes it very sensitive to erosion. Therefore we claim to develop a spatialization map of vulnerable areas, based on analytic hierarchy process and GIS that define the combination of specific factors. The integration of the thematic maps of the various factors makes it possible to identify the impact of each factor in the erosion, to classify the sensitive zones, and to quantify the soil losses in the basin. This mapping will be an important tool for land use planning and risk management. From the distribution map of erosive hazards, we have identified four classes of vulnerabil-ity, areas with very high to high vulnerability are mainly in the northern part of the watershed (where the relief is very important).

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Authors and Affiliations

Moufida Belloula
Hadda Dridi
Mehdi Kalla

The estimation of water erosion with RUSLE and deposition model: A case study of the Bin El-Ouidane dam catchment area (High Atlas, Morocco)

Wafae Nouaim Dimitri Rambourg Abderrazak El Harti Ettaqy Abderrahim Mohamed Merzouki Ismail Karaoui
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2023 | No 58 | 136-147 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.146606
Keywords remote sensing RUSLE unit stream power theory water erosion
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Abstract

Water erosion is a critical issue for Morocco, especially in its semi-arid regions, where climatic and edaphic conditions only allow erratic soil formation and vegetation growth. Therefore, water erosion endangers human activity both directly (loss of arable land, landslides, mudflows) and indirectly (siltation of dams, river pollution). This study is part of the Kingdom’s effort to assess the risk of water erosion in its territory. It is dedicated to the Bin El-Ouidane dam water catchment, one of the biggest water storage facilities in the country, located in the High Atlas Mountains. The poorly developed soils are very sensitive to erosion in this mountainous area that combines steep slopes and sparse vegetation cover. The calculation of soil losses is carried out with the RUSLE model and corrected by estimating areas of deposition based on the unit stream power theory. This method produces a mean erosion rate of around 6.3 t·ha -1·y -1, or an overall annual loss of 4.1 mln t, consistently with the siltation rate of the dam. Primary risk areas (erosion rates > 40 t·ha -1·y -1) account for 54% of the total losses, while they cover only 7% of the catchment. This distribution of the soil losses also shows that the erosion risk is mainly correlated to slope, directing the means of control toward mechanical interventions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wafae Nouaim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dimitri Rambourg
2
ORCID: ORCID
Abderrazak El Harti
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ettaqy Abderrahim
3
ORCID: ORCID
Mohamed Merzouki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ismail Karaoui
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Team of Remote Sensing and GIS Applied to Geosciences and Environment, Av Med V, BP 591, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco
  2. Université de Strasbourg, CNRS/EOST, ITES UMR 7063, Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg, France
  3. University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Environmental, Ecological and Agro-industrial Engineering Laboratory, Beni-Mellal, Morocco

Water erosion in the catchment basin of the Jeleni Brook

Adam Koćmit Marek Podlasiński Małgorzata Roy Tomasz Tomaszewicz Justyna Chudecka
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2006 | No 10 | 121-131
Keywords erosion factors irrigation erosion sediments soil losses tillage erosion water erosion
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Abstract

The study on water erosion in the catchment basin of the Jeleni Brook was carried out in the years 1995–1999. The catchment of the Jeleni Brook has complex relief, receives frequent pre-cipitations and thus is more threatened by water erosion. Soil cultivation and water from quickly melting snow can also be the factors affecting soil erosion. Waters from the melting snow produce rills of the following dimensions (mean values): width from 11.5 to 13.6 cm, depth – from 6.4 to 7.1 cm and length – from 39 to 112 m. The mean values of soil losses vary from 0.5 to 2.02 t·ha–1.

Erosion caused by intensive storm precipitation occurs less frequently but makes much higher soil losses. One of the registered incidents shows that 51.6 t·ha–1 (4.5 mm of soil layer) can be washed out from the area of 0.66 ha. Combined effect of outwashing and ploughing in lower parts of slopes created new forms of relief such as agricultural terraces (escarps). Agricultural terraces assume the shape of scarps up to 2 m high and of different length (e.g. 150 m) along with the land use border-lines between e.g. forest and field or field and grassland.

Agriculturally used soils within this catchment need protection based mainly on agrotechnical measures or on alteration of land use. Some areas should be afforested.

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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Koćmit
Marek Podlasiński
ORCID: ORCID
Małgorzata Roy
Tomasz Tomaszewicz
Justyna Chudecka

Diachronic mapping and evaluation of soil erosion rates using RUSLE in the Bouregreg River Watershed, Morocco

Fouad Moudden Mohammed El Hafyani Anas El Ouali Allal Roubil Abdelhadi El Ouali Ali Essahlaoui Youssef Brouziyne
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 53 | 86-99 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.140784
Keywords Bouregreg Watershed diachronic mapping GIS Revised Universal Equation of Soil Losses (RUSLE) model water erosion
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Abstract

Soil erosion has been severely affecting soil and water resources in semi-arid areas like the Mediterranean. In Morocco, this natural process is accelerated by anthropogenic activities, such as unsustainable soil management, overgrazing, and deforestation. With a drainage area of 395,600 ha, the Bouregreg River Watershed extends from the Middle Atlas Range (Jebel Mtourzgane) to the Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (SMBA) dam reservoir south-east of Rabat. Its contrasted eco-geomorphological landscapes make it susceptible to unprecedented soil erosion due to climate change. Resulting changes in erosive dynamics led to huge amounts of solid loads transported to the catchment outlet and, thus, jeopardised the SMBA dam lifespan due to siltation.
The research aims to quantify the average annual soil losses in this watershed using the Revised Universal Equation of Soil Losses (RUSLE) within a GIS environment. To highlight shifts in land use/land cover patterns and their effects on erosional severity, we have resorted to remote sensing through two Landsat 8 satellite images captured in 2004 and 2019. The C factor was combined with readily available local data regarding major erosion factors, e.g. rainfall aggressiveness ( R), soil erodibility ( K), topography ( LS), and conservation practices ( P). The helped to map the erosion hazard and determine erosion prone areas within the watershed where appropriate water and conservation measures are to be considered. Accordingly, from 2004 to 2019, average annual soil losses increased from 11.78 to 18.38 t∙ha –1∙y –1, as the watershed area affected by strong erosion (>30 t∙ha –1∙y –1) evolved from 13.57 to 39.39%.

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Authors and Affiliations

Fouad Moudden
1
Mohammed El Hafyani
1
Anas El Ouali
2
Allal Roubil
1
Abdelhadi El Ouali
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ali Essahlaoui
1
ORCID: ORCID
Youssef Brouziyne
3
  1. Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Geology, Laboratory of Geoengineering and Environment, Research Group “Water Sciences and Environment Engineering, Zitoune, Meknes BP11201, Morocco
  2. Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Fez, Morocco
  3. Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, International Water Research Institute, Ben Guerir, Morocco

Assessment of soil erosion using the GIS-based erosion potential method in the Kebir Rhumel Watershed, Northeast Algeria

Amer Zeghmar Nadir Marouf Elhadj Mokhtari
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 52 | 133-144 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.140383
Keywords Erosion Potential Method Geographic Information System (GIS) Kebir Rhumel remote sensing soil erosion water erosion
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Abstract

Soil erosion is an important factor that should be considered when planning renewable natural resource projects, effects of which can be measured by modelling techniques. Therefore, disintegration models determine soil loss intensity and support soil conservation practices. This study estimates soil loss rates by water erosion using the Erosion Potential Method (EPM) in the Kebir Rhumel Watershed located in Northeast Algeria. The area is north to south sub-humid to semi-arid, receives irregular rainfall, and has steep slopes and low vegetation cover which makes it very vulnerable to erosion. The main factors in the EPM (soil erodibility, soil protection, slope, temperature, and rainfall) were evaluated using the Geographical Information System (GIS) and data provided by remote sensing technologies. The erosion intensity coefficient Z was 0.60, which indicates medium erosion intensity. While the results showed the average annual soil erosion of 17.92 Mg∙ha–1∙y–1, maximum and minimum losses are 190.50 Mg∙ha–1∙y–1 and 0.21 Mg∙ha–1∙y–1, respectively. The EPM model shows satisfactory results compared to some studies done in the basin, where the obtained results can be used for more appropriate management of land and water resources, sustainable planning, and environmental protection.
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Authors and Affiliations

Amer Zeghmar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nadir Marouf
1
ORCID: ORCID
Elhadj Mokhtari
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Larbi-Ben-M’hidi, Faculty of Sciences and Applied Sciences, Department of Hydraulic, Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment, Laboratory of Natural Resources and Management of Sensitive Environments, PO Box 358, 04000 Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
  2. University Mohamed Boudiaf M’sila, Faculty of Technology, Department of Hydraulic, Algeria

Assessing the intra-annual variability of agricultural soil losses: a RUSLE application in Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France

Wafae Nouaim Dimitri Rambourg Mohamed Merzouki Abderrazak El Harti Ismail Karaoui
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 52 | 210-220 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.140392
Keywords agriculture Nord-Pas-de-Calais the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation water erosion
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Abstract

The control of water erosion is an important economic and societal challenge. Reduction of the agronomic potential of the parcels, muddy flows, siltation of dams are harmful consequences that mobilize farmers, water managers, local authorities and scientific researchers. This study focuses on mapping and quantifying seasonal soil losses in the territory of the former Nord-Pas-de- Calais administrative region, using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) which incorporates five factors: rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, topography, land use and erosion control practices. The seasonal (3-months) time scale is chosen to better account for the parameters governing the soil water erosion, especially rainfall and vegetation cover, that show great asynchronous intra-annual variability. Also, high resolution data concerning agricultural plots allows to evaluate which type of culture are the more subject to soil losses. In Nord-Pas-de-Calais, water erosion occurs almost ubiquitously, but the areas characterized by steep slopes are the most at risk (Artois Hills and Flanders), with loss rates up to 54 t∙ha–1∙y–1. The majority of erosion occurs during fall (46% of the computed annual losses of 1.69∙Mt), on plots left bare after harvest (especially corn and beets crops). The study also demonstrates that extending the intercrop technique over the region, and therefore maintaining a fall and winter cover, could reduce the soil losses by 37%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wafae Nouaim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dimitri Rambourg
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohamed Merzouki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abderrazak El Harti
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ismail Karaoui
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Team of Remote Sensing and GIS Applied to Geosciences and Environment, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Av Med V, BP 591 Beni-Mellal 23000, Maroc
  2. Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg/EOST/ENGEES, CNRS UMR 7063, Strasbourg Cedex, France

Environmental and economic effects of water and deflation destruction of steppe soil in Ukraine

Nataliia Dudiak Vitalii Pichura Larisa Potravka Natalia Stratichuk
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 50 | 10-26 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.138156
Keywords adaptive and landscape erosion control design environmental and economic consequences erodibility of soil geomodeling GIS-technologies steppe zone water erosion
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Abstract

Water and wind erosion are the most powerful factors in the decrease of soil fertility and a threat to food security. The study was conducted on the steppe zone in Ukraine (total area of 167.4 thous. km2), including agricultural land (131.6 thous. km2). At the first stage, the modeling of spatial differentiation of water and wind erosion manifestations was carried out to calculate losses of soil (Mg·ha–1) and to determine their degradation. At the second stage, soil-climatic bonitet of zonal soils (points) is carried out to determine their natural fertility (Mg·ha–1). At the third stage, the spatial adjustment of the natural soil fertility to the negative effect of erosion was carried out. This made it possible to calculate crop losses and total financial losses due to water and wind erosion. The integrated spatial modeling showed that about 68.7% of arable land was constantly affected by the combined erosion, in particular the area of low eroded arable land (16.8%), and medium and highly eroded land (22.1%). Due to erodibility of soil, about 23.3% of agricultural land transferred from the category of high and medium quality to medium, low and very low quality, which is caused by the loss of soil fertility of up to 70%, crop losses of up to 1.93 Mg·ha–1 ha–1 and eduction of agricultural income up to 390 USD·ha–1. In the steppe region under the research, gross crop losses from erosion were up to 15.11 thous. Mg·ha–1 (3.05 mln USD). In order to protect soils, improve fertility and increase crop yields in the steppe zone in Ukraine, the following measures were suggested: adaptive and landscape erosion control design with elements of conservation farming in accordance with the spatial differentiation of soil quality and extent of water erosion deflation danger.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nataliia Dudiak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vitalii Pichura
1
ORCID: ORCID
Larisa Potravka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Natalia Stratichuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Kherson State Agrarian and Economic University, Faculty of Fisheries and Nature Management, Stritens'ka str. 23, Kherson, 73006, Ukraine

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