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Influence of Mould Material on the Mechanical Properties of Wax Models

A. Kroma P. Brzęk
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2021 | vo. 21 | No 3 | 48-52 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.138664
Keywords FDM Investment casting wax models mechanical properties wax injection dies
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Abstract

The article presents results of research on the influence of the mould material on selected mechanical properties of wax models used for production of casting in investment casting method. The main goal was to compare the strength and hardness of samples produced in various media in order to analyse the applicability of the 3D printing technology as an alternative method of producing wax injection dies. To make the wax injection dies, it was decided to use a milled steel and 3D printed inserts made using FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) / FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) technology from HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene) and ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene). A semi-automatic vertical reciprocating injection moulding machine was used to produce the wax samples made of Freeman Flakes Wax Mixture – Super Pink. During injection moulding process, the mould temperature was measured each time before and after moulding with a pyrometer. Then, the samples were subjected to a static tensile test and a hardness test. It was shown that the mould material influences the strength properties of the wax samples, but not their final hardness.
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Bibliography

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[6] Unknown author, Investment casting process steps (lost wax). Retrieved January 12, 2021, from http://americancastingco.com/investment-casting-process.
[7] Ruwoldt, J., Humborstad Sørland, G., Simon, S., Oschmann, H-J. & Sjoblom, J. (2019). Inhibitor-wax interactions and PPD effect on wax crystallization: New approaches for GC/MS and NMR, and comparison with DSC, CPM, and rheometry. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 177. 53-68. DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2019.02.046
[8] Jung, T., Kim, J-N. & Kang, S-P. (2016). Influence of polymeric additives on paraffin waxes crystallization in model oils. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering. 33(6), 1813-1822. DOI: https:://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-016-0052-3.
[9] Simnofske, D. & Mollenhauer, K. (2017). Effect of wax crystallization on complex modulus of modified bitumen after varied temperature conditioning rates. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 236. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/236/1/012003.
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[12] Unknown author, Freeman super pink flake wax: technical data sheet. Retrieved January 12, 2021, from https://www.freemanwax.com/datasheets/Injection/tdssuperpink.pdf.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Kroma
1
P. Brzęk
1
  1. Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Materials Technology, Division of Foundry, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznań, Poland

Investigations Concerning Improvements of the Knock Out Property of Ceramic Moulds Applied in the Investment Casting Technology

Joanna Kolczyk-Tylka Jerzy Zych
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 4 | 34-39 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146676
Keywords Ceramic moulds Lost wax technology Knock-out properties Colloidal silica Wax model
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Abstract

In lost wax technology, self-supporting ceramic moulds are made, which must have adequate strength after being filled with liquid metal. The final structural strength is determined by such factors as the thickness of the individual layers applied to the wax model resulting from the viscosity of the liquid mass, the specific strength of the layers formed, and the heat treatment of the moulds. The development of technology and materials is moving in the direction of increasing the specific strength of self-supporting ceramic moulds. The consequence of this is that the final strength of these moulds is too high, making it difficult to knock castings out of the moulds. Removing mould remnants from holes, closed spaces of the casting, corners, sharp edges, variable cross sections and etc. is cumbersome. In order to remove mould remnants from the casting, a method is used to dissolve them in heated solutions of suitable chemical composition and reaction. The paper presents the results of research on a new solution, the essence of which is the production of layers in a ceramic mould, in the middle zone of the mould, characterized by a significantly reduced final strength, achieved after firing. These layers are produced using a different liquid ceramic mass than the base one, based on an organic binder. As a result, thanks to the embedded layer, very good knock-out of castings is achieved and separation of residual ceramic mass. Special layers can be incorporated over the entire surface or only in those places where the bonding of the casting surface and ceramic mass occurs.
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Bibliography

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[5] Soroczyński, A., Haratym, R. & Biernacki, R. (2019). The role of recycled ceramic material obtained from the ceramic layered moulds used in the Investment Casting. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 19(1), 71-74. DOI: 10.24425/afe.2018.125194.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Kolczyk-Tylka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jerzy Zych
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Krakow, Poland

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