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Abstract

In the Central Caucasus region, the intense process of deglaciation is identified as caused by cryoconite formation and accumulation. The fine earth materials were collected on the surfaces of Skhelda and Garabashi glaciers as well as from zonal soils of Baksan Gorge and were studied in terms of chemical, particle-size, and micromorpholo-gical features. Supraglacial sediments are located at the glacial drift area of material and, thus, due to transfer of these sediments to the foothill area, their fine earth material can affect micromorphological and chemical characteristics of adjacent zonal soils. Thin sections of mineral and organo-mineral micromonoliths were analyzed by classic micromorphological methods. Data obtained showed that the weathering rates of cryoconite and soil minerals are different. The cryoconite material on the debris-covered Skhelda Glacier originated from local massive crystalline rocks and moraines, while for Garabashi Glacier the volcanic origin of cryoconite is more typical. Soils of Baksan Gorge are characterized by more developed microfabric and porous media, but their mineralogical composition is essentially inherited from sediments of glacial and periglacial soils. These new data could be useful for understanding the process of evolution of the mineral matrix of cryoconite to the soil matrix formed at the foot of the mountain.
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Authors and Affiliations

Evgeny Abakumov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rustam Tembotov
2
Ivan Kushnov
1
Vyacheslav Polyakov
1

  1. Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 University Embankment, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
  2. Tembotov Institute of Ecology of Mountain Territories, Russian Academy of Sciences, 37a, I. Armand Street, Nalchik, 360051, Russia
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Abstract

The incidence of winter wheat stem base diseases: Fusarium foot rot (Fusarium spp.), eyespot (Ramulispora herpotrichoides), sharp eyespot (Rhizoctonia spp.) and take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis) in the years 1999–2003 was assessed in this study. Previous crops were barley and oilseed rape. Eyespot occurred on the greatest percentage of plants throughout the whole period of the study. In 2000–2003 a deficiency of rainfall was observed, especially at the time of increased water requirements of plants.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Żółtańska
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Abstract

The investigations were carried out in 1996–2005 on the fields of Agricultural Experimental Station Department of SGGW Chylice in Mazowieckie voivodeship. The occurrence of diseases was assessed in 1996–2000 on winter wheat cv. Kobra, and in 2001–2005 on cv. Mikon. Weather conditions in ten-year experimental period were differentiated and had a distinct influence on plant infection by pathogens, as well as on the level of winter wheat yielding. In the first part of experimental period (1996–2000) the weather was characterized by higher temperatures compared to long-term average and higher amount of rainfall, with the exception of the year 2000 when the summer drought occurred. The highest for that period grain yield (54.70 dt/ha) was obtained in 1998. This was related to the lowest total infection of leaf surface area (22.76%) and a relatively low index of infection of stem base by Tapesia yallundae. In that year mass of 1 000 grain was also the highest. The lowest grain yield (40.80 dt/ha) was recorded in 2000 due to summer drought. In 1997 characterized by a high level of infection by T. yallundae (eyespot) obtained grain yield was also relatively low. In the second part of the experiment conducted on cv. Mikon (2001–2005) the lowest grain yield was recorded in 2001 (28.85 dt/ha) when per cent of leaf area infection of 2 upper leaves by Puccinia recondita (brown rust) was very high (44.79%), and the highest yield was obtained in 2003 (57.27 dt/ha). This was due to a moderate level of total leaf infection (30.21%) with fungal pathogens and favourable weather conditions for wheat development. In that year mass of 1 000 grain was also the highest. The occurrence of stem base infection by Fusarium spp. was maintained in the years 1996–2005 on differentiated level and it was lower in earlier years compared to the later period. The infection of ears by Leptosphaeria nodorum and Fusarium spp. was usually not high and its influence on the amount of grain yield not clearly evident. Chemical control of diseases influenced grain yield increase which was the highest in 2001 when winter wheat leaves were heavily infected by Puccinia recondita. The yield increase on fungicide treated plots was in that year 53.15%. It was evident that brown rust may pose a serious threat to winter wheat in the years of its high occurrence.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Jaczewska-Kalicka
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Abstract

The paper presents investigation results of the migration of a chemical compound contained in fly ash deposited on a dry furnace waste landfill site exposed to weather conditions. Climate conditions are able to significantly affect chemical component distribution in a block of deposited, moving chemical compounds to different depths. The main aim of the investigations was to determine the chemical component distribution of deposited fly ash in the landfill. Identification of chemical components based on XRF analysis indicated the existence of differences in both tested storage layer and the fraction of fly ash.

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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Sambo
Arkadiusz Szymanek
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Abstract

In this study, atlases of wave characteristics and wave energy for the Barents Sea have been generated for the years from 1996 to 2015 based on ERA-Interim datasets from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The wave power resources in the Barents Sea can be exploited with sea ice extent declining in recent years. The entire Barents Sea has been divided into multi-year sea ice zones, seasonal sea ice zones and open water zones according to the 20-year averaged sea ice concentration. In the entire domain, the spatial distributions of the annual averaged and mean monthly significant wave heights and wave energy flux are presented. For the open water zones, 15 points have been selected at different locations so as to derive and study the wave energy roses and the inter-annual wave power variation. Moreover, the correlations between the wave energy period and the significant wave height are shown in the energy and scatter diagrams. The maximum wave power occurs in the winter in the western parts of the Barents Sea with more than 60kW/m. The wave energy can therefore be exploited in the open water zones.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wiesław Ziaja
Agnieszka Sulikowska
Agnieszka Wypych
Krzysztof Mitka
Wojciech Maciejowski
Krzysztof Ostafin
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Abstract

This article aims to analyse the influence of weather types on meteorological

conditions in Petuniabukta (Svalbard) during July and August of 2016. The paper analyses

the daily courses of air temperature and humidity at four measurement points located on

the west bank of Petuniabukta near Adam Mickiewicz University Polar Station during

two different types of weather conditions: (i) cloudy and windy, (ii) calm and clear.

These weather types, distinguished on the basis of wind speed and cloudiness, allowed

for the creation of composite maps of the synoptic situation (SLP and geopotential

height of 500 hPa distribution) and its anomalies. In the study area, the air temperature

range in windy and cloudy weather conditions was larger (-10°C to 15°C) than that in

sunny and calm weather (0°C to 15°C), which contrasts the range of humidity values.

The diurnal cycle of meteorological elements in sunny and calm days is strongly related

to the sun elevation angle. In the above-mentioned weather types, the air temperature

was higher by several degrees (median 5°C to 8°C) than on windy and cloudy days

(median about 0°C to 6°C) at each measurement point. On days with sunny and calm

weather, a smaller vertical temperature gradient of air is observed (for sunny and calm

days 0.63°C and for windy weather 0.8°C).

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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Kendzierski
Leszek Kolendowicz
Marek Półrolniczak
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Abstract

Weather forecasting requires knowledge of the laws of atmospheric movement. Apart from classic fluid mechanics, we must consider the rotational motion of our planet, the differential heating of its surface through the absorption of solar radiation, as well as water evaporation and condensation processes.

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Authors and Affiliations

Lech Łobocki
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Abstract

Mineral composition of bedrock is the main factor determining salt mineralization in the weathering zone of Seymour (Marambio) Island (maritime — Antarctic continent climatic boundary). Supply of salts by sea water spray can accelerate weathering process, modify chemical formula of salt minerals and give ephemeral efflorescences of easy soluble chlorides and partially longer lasting gypsum on the surface. Microbiologically mediated oxidation of sulphides and followed acid sulphate drainage formed K and Na jarosite, basic amorphous aluminium sulphate, gypsum, aluminium bearing ferrihydrite and ankerite in weathering zone of Paleogene sediments. Intense alteration of well-lithified, calcareous sandstones of unit 1 of the López de Bertodano Formation (Cretaceous) on old erosion surface led localy to surface mineralization comparable with that found in Antarctic Continent. Stones laying on the soil surface are covered by thin red film of ferrihydrite above the soil level and by light green crust of aragonite coloured by glauconite pigment on the underground side. Most of the Cretaceous sediment does not contain sulphides nor alteration susceptible silicates thus ephemeral sea salts efflorescences observed on its surface are more prominent than in another places.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Tatur
Andrzej Barczuk
Rodolfo del Valle
Ronald Sletten
Ewa Kicińska
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Abstract

Analysis of weathering parameters of bones from cave deposits is presented as a useful tool of palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. As an example, we studied profiles of sediments in two Palaeolithic sites: Nietoperzowa Cave and Deszczowa Cave. Our studies included histological and EDS analyses of bone remnants found in these profiles. This method allowed us to reconstruct the changes of palaeotemperature and palaeohumidity, and finally the climatostratigraphy of sediments. The results presented here put a new light onto the stratigraphy of Deszczowa Cave's filling. In particular, besides the Vistulian sediments (MIS 2-5d), we confirmed the presence oflayers formed during the Penultimate Glaciation (MIS 6) and Eemian Interglacial (MIS 5e).

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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej T. Krajcarz
Teresa Madeyska
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Abstract

Due to unfavorable factors, dangerous conditions occurred in the delivery of electric energy in Poland. This was the most serious incident of its kind since the 1980’s. Such a serious incident raised concern about the safety of the electric power system in the summer and led to the formulation of conclusions for the future. In this article, the author analyses the conditions, which caused that situation. Poland was experiencing a doubt in August 2015, which along with an extremely high maximum daily temperature created remarkably unfavorable conditions for power plants and decreased the capacity of overhead power lines. Such unfavorable metrological conditions occurred not only in Poland, but also in Central-Eastern and Western Europe. It is worth emphasizing that the safety of electric energy delivery was endangered only in Poland. The improper renovation and upkeep policies, as well as unplanned outages in power plants caused a significant decrease of available power in the National Electric Power System. Unscheduled flows between Germany and Poland ruled out the possibility of importing electric energy at such a critical time. The author presents the correlation between the maximum daily air temperature in the sweltering heat and an increase in the demand for electric energy. Overall, unfavorable conditions posed a threat in the delivery of electric energy in Poland. In this article, the author draws attention to the report from the Supreme Audit Office (Najwyższa Izba Kontroli – NIK) from 2014, which predicted such a dangerous situation. Unfortunately, that report remained unnoticed. The author formulated appropriate solutions in order to increase the safety of electric energy delivery in the summer and to prevent such occurrences in the future.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bartosz Sobik
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Abstract

Slags issued from base metal smelting industry constitute a serious environmental problem in Upper and Lower Silesia (Poland). The waste is located in heavily urbanized areas, covers large surfaces and still may contain large quantities of potentially toxic metallic trace elements. This review paper summarizes all the major problems related to slag storage in Upper and Lower Silesia, including: (i) detailed characteristics of the studied slags, (ii) potential release of toxic elements and (iii) related risks for the surrounding areas and (iv) applications of slags for commercial purposes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Kierczak
Hubert Bril
Catherine Neel
Jacek Puziewicz
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of the analysis of physical phenomena associated with the degradation processes of the surface layer of polymeric materials. During the interaction disturbance of ultraviolet radiation, atoms are knocked out of the polymer chains, thus breaking the macromolecules, which leads to the disturbance in the structural stability of the materials. The standardised test samples obtained using the injection moulding method were subjected to the degradation process in natural and accelerated conditions in the UV Test device. The degradation process in laboratory conditions was carried out during 750 hours with the use of lamps with a wavelength of 313 nanometers and an irradiation level of 0.76 W/m 2, which corresponds to a period of 2 years in natural conditions. Using of thermogravimetric TGA and differential scanning calorimetry DSC analysis, the influence of energy applied from lamps and the energy reaching the earth’s surface on the change of melting enthalpy ∆ Hm, quantitative index of the crystalline phase and the temperature of phase changes were determined.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Kalwik
1
ORCID: ORCID
P. Postawa
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Depa rtment of Technology and Automation, 19C Armii Krajowej Av., 42- 201 Czestochowa, Poland
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Abstract

Mid-winter rapid rise of temperature in the vicinity of Arctowski Station, King George Island (West Antarctica) was studied in 1991. Depending on circumantarctic migration of cyclones, sudden drop in air pressure and foehn-like phenomenon intensified by local topography occurred. Two such events are described on May 13 and June 28, against meteorological conditions during autumn and winter. Extreme intensification of morphogenetic processes caused degradation of a snow cover, immense meltwater discharge, radical transformation of slopes, effective aeolian activity and dynamic modifications in a sea-shore zone.

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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Rachlewicz
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Abstract

Significant increasing trends in the air temperature were found both in the surface station of Svalbard Lufthavn and in the low-tropospheric temperature field over the Atlantic Arctic. The variability in temperature, as well as the multiannual trend, is at least three times bigger in the winter months than in summer. An attempt was made to explain the high day-to-day variability in the winter air temperature by the daily variability in the regional pressure field and circulation conditions. Six regional-scale circulation patterns were found by applying the principal component analysis to the mean daily sea level pressure (SLP) reanalysis data and their impact on the low-tropospheric air temperature variability was determined. A bipolar pattern, with a positive center over Greenland and a negative center over the White Sea, dominates in the region and strongly influences the air temperature field at 850 hPa geopotential height (correlation coefficients up to –0.65). The second pattern that impacts the temperature field in the Atlantic Arctic is the one with a center of action over Svalbard (mostly a low-pressure center in winter), strongly influencing the air temperature over the Barents Sea. The remaining circulation types, explaining only 5–8% of the total variance of the SLP field each, do not modify significantly the air temperature at 850 hPa geopotential level over the Atlantic Arctic, and none of the circulation types seems to influence the multiannual temperature trends.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Bednorz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Arkadiusz M. Tomczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bartosz Czernecki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Miłosz Piękny
1

  1. Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Institute of Physical Geography and Environmental Planning, Adam Mickiewicz University, B. Krygowskiego 10, 61–680 Poznań, Poland
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Abstract

Stacks of the Pleistocene tills and associated airfall/slopewash/colluvial sediment abound on East African Mountains but few localities exist where thick deposits of middle to Late Pleistocene age can be studied to bedrock with topography the main soil-forming agent over <0.8 Ma. Two tills form the main structure of the catena, the oldest buried in the crest, backslope and footslope of the deposit, the youngest forming the crest and upper backslope, with massive colluvial infill forming a still younger sediment mass superposed on older sediment in the lower backslope, footslope and toeslope, the latter all radiocarbon dated to within the last glaciation (Liki on Mt. Kenya; Weichselian in Europe, Wisconsin in North America). The moraine stack, first identified by J.W. Gregory in the late 19th century, as belonging to the ‘Older Glaciation’ (Illinoian in North America; Teleki on Mt. Kenya), is much older than originally thought with tills and other paraglacial sediment extending to saprolitic bedrock, paleomagnetic assessment and relative weathering indices placing the mass in the Brunhes Chron. These results demonstrate that despite erosion and weathering, paleosols in toposequences near the margins of successive glaciations retain properties allowing reconstruction of environmental changes over long periods of time.
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Authors and Affiliations

William C. Mahaney
1
Ronald G.V. Hancock
2

  1. Quaternary Surveys, 26 Thornhill Ave., Thornhill, Ontario, Canada, L4J1J4 and Department of Geography, York University, 4700 Keele St. N. York, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
  2. Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4K1
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Abstract

Air Pollution in Poland – Condition, Causes and Effects. In the recent years the air in Poland seems to be the most polluted in Europe (it is worse only in a few times smaller Bulgaria). The concentration of particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), represented by benzo(a)pyrene are among the highest in European Union countries. They are highly toxic, especially PAHS, which damage the hematopoietic system, accumulate in living organisms leading to a cancerous process, they cause damages to the central nervous system and infertility. It is estimated that high air pollution causes 45-47 thousands premature deaths in Poland every year, as well as growth frequency of allergies and chronic diseases. Polish society loses about 520,000 potential years of life, and the economy of 18.5 million work days. It’s a very high price. The weather determines to a large extent the air pollution. The smog episode is usually accompanied by low wind speed or atmospheric silence, reduction of visibility and thermal inversions. However, the biggest problem is low emission, which is mainly related to individual heating of buildings (78-87% of the total emission of benzo(a)pyrene. The reasons for such poor sanitary condition of the air in Poland are complex and to a large extent they result from spatial chaos and lack of spatial planning, but also from general policy country. The most important reasons are i.a.: the lack of a planning policy and a sustainable transport policy, persistent subsidies for unprofitable coal mines, the lack of a policy promoting renewable energy sources and “clean” technologies, high gas price (the highest in Europe) and no subsidies for the poorest, scattered buildings which hinders access to system heat, inefficient and unsuitable transport based on road transport road and individual cars (often old, Diesel) etc.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Kuchcik
Paweł Milewski
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Abstract

Trinexapac-ethyl is one of the newest growth regulators used in agriculture and horticulture. As a most growth retardants it acts by inhibiting gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. A field study was conducted to determine the effects of trinexapac-ethyl on growth of winter wheat. Trinexapac ethyl was used alone (75 g a.i./ha and 125 g a.i./ha) and in the mixture with chlorocholine chloride (50 g a.i./ha + 675 g a.i./ha) at the 2nd node stage. Trinexapac-ethyl and its mixture with CCC activity was weather dependent. Their influence on the crop was strictly related to the temperature and rainfall during an individual year of trials. Plant growth regulators much more influenced winter wheat plants in abundant rainfall and higher temperature conditions. Lodging was not observed during the experiment.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kinga Matysiak
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Abstract

It is widely known and accepted that the global climate is changing with unprecedented speed. Climate models project increasing temperatures and changes in precipitation regimes which will alter the frequency, magnitude, and geographic distribution of climate-related hazards including flood, drought and heat waves. In the mining industry, climate change impacts are an area of research around the world, mostly in relation to the mining industry in Australia and Canada, where mining policies and mitigation actions based on the results of this research were adopted and applied. In Poland, there is still a lack of research on how climate change, and especially extreme weather events, impacts mining activity. This impact may be of particular importance in Poland, where the mining industry is in the process of intensive transition. The paper presents an overview of hazardous events in mining in Poland that were related to extreme weather phenomena. The needs and recommended actions in the scope of mitigating the impact of future climate change on mining in all stages of its functioning were also indicated. The presented analyses and conclusions are the results of the first activities in the TEXMIN project: The impact of extreme weather events on mining activities, identifying the most important factors resulting from climate change impact on mining.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Janson
Małgorzata Markowska
Paweł Łabaj
Aleksander Wrana
Paweł Zawartka
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Abstract

The article is devoted to the actual scientific and practical problem of improving methodological and methodical ap-proaches to the evaluation of design solutions in the water management and land reclamation industry based on the ecolog-ical and economic principles in conditions of uncertainty. The current stage of the development of the water management sector in Ukraine is characterized by a combination of past negligence and the present energy, food and water crises, as well as global climate change. To solve these problems, it is necessary to reform organizational-economic relations in the industry, including new sources and forms of financing for water management and land reclamation projects, introduction of new environmentally advanced technologies, and the im-provement of the existing ecological and economic evaluation of investments. Based on scientific and methodological recommendations used for evaluating the effectiveness of investment in vari-ous spheres of economic activity, the authors developed and implemented an improved methodology for the evaluation of water management and land reclamation projects. It is based on methodological approaches that cover such elements as the variety of options, changes in the value of money over time, specific project implementation environment, including the impact of weather, climate and environmental factors on project performance, multilevel and gradual evaluation of a pro-ject against specific criteria and according to stages of the project cycle. The method was tested during the reconstruction of a rice irrigation system in the steppe zone of about 3000 ha in Ukraine. Economic results, namely the deterministic payback period and investment return index confirm that the proposed mechanism, unlike the traditional one, increases the economic and environmental feasibility of water management and land reclamation projects. Therefore, it stimulates investment in the land reclamation sector.
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Authors and Affiliations

Pyotr Kovalenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anatoliy Rokochinskiy
2
ORCID: ORCID
Pavlo Volk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Vasyl Turcheniuk
2
ORCID: ORCID
Nadia Frolenkova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ruslan Tykhenko
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation of NAAS of Ukraine, Chapaeva Str., 14, fl. 6, 01030, Kyiv, Ukraine
  2. National University of Water and Environmental Engineering, Rivne, Ukraine
  3. National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Abstract

This study aims to evaluate changes in the frequency and severity of historical droughts (1980–2018) and then model future droughts occurrences (2019–2099) in the Lepelle River Basin (LRB), using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC) General Circulation Model (GCM) simulations for two representative concentration pathways (RCP8.5 and RCP4.5). Firstly, the present-day and future hydrology of the LRB are modelled using the weather evaluation and planning (WEAP) model. Mann–Kendall tests are conducted to identify climate trends in the LRB. The reconnaissance drought in-dex (RDI) and the streamflow drought index (SDI) are employed to explore hydro-meteorological droughts in the Lepelle River Basin, South Africa. The RDI and SDI are plotted over time to assess drought magnitude and duration. The simulated temporal evolution of RDI and SDI show a significant decrease in wetting periods and a concomitant increasing trend in the dry periods for both the lower and middle sections of the LRB under RCP4.5 as the 22nd century is approached. Lastly, the Spearman and Pearson correlation matrix is used to determine the degrees of association between the RDI and SDI drought indices. A strong positive correlation of 0.836 is computed for the middle and lower sections of the LRB under the RCP8.5 forcing. Further findings indicate that severe to extreme drought above –2.0 magnitude are expected to hit the all three sec-tions of the LRB between 2080 and 2090 under RCP8.5. In the short term, it is suggested that policy actions for drought be implemented to mitigate possible impacts on human and hydro-ecological systems in the LRB.

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Authors and Affiliations

Darlington C. Ikegwuoha
Megersa O. Dinka
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The physical and chemical properties of cements with slag originated from the storage yards of different age, added as a supplementary cementing material are highlighted. The materials after 20-year storage, the crushed slag after approximately 2-year storage and the new slag from the ongoing production were compared. The materials supplied by the same metallurgical plant were characterized. The blended cements were produced by Portland cement clinker grinding with gypsum and slags added as 5 to 50% of binder mass. The standard properties of cements were examined, as well as some experiments related to the kinetics of hydration and hydration products were carried out. The addition of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) stored for a long time, as a component of cement, affects the properties of material in such a way that the early compressive strength is not specially altered but at longer maturing the strength decreases generally with the storage time and percentage of additive. This is related to the reduction of the vitreous component, as well as to the presence of weathered material of altered activity. At the additive content up to 50% the binder complying with the requirements of the European standards for CEM III/A or CEM II/(A,B)-S common cements can be produced. The cements with the old slag meet the requirements of EN 197-1 relating at least to the class 32,5. The role of calcium carbonate, being the product resulting from the slag weathering process, acting as a grindability and setting/hardening modifying agent, should be underlined.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wiktor Pacierpnik
Wiesława Nocuń-Wczelik
Ewa Kapeluszna
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Abstract

Under sleeper pads (USPs) are resilient elements used in the ballasted track structures to improve dynamic behaviour of the track, reduce vibration and protect the ballast against fast degradation. As the elements permanently connected to the sleepers or turnout bearers, the pads must have an appropriate level of pull-off strength, so that they do not separate from the rail support (here: sleeper) during their transportation to the construction site or during many years of operation. In this paper, results of pull-off tests performed on four selected USP samples are presented: three samples made of SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber) granulate and one made of polyurethane. Moreover, details of the pad’s attachment to the rail support are discussed, and the requirements for the USP properties are specified, focusing on the pull-off strength determined after the weather resistance test. It is shown that only two out of four considered USP samples fulfilled the requirements specified by the authors.
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Authors and Affiliations

Cezary Kraśkiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Artur Zbiciak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jarosław Medyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Al Sabouni-Zawadzka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

This article comprises an analysis of the variability of meteorological conditions on Kaffiøyra (NW Spitsbergen, Svalbard) in 2013–2017 in connection with atmospheric circulation and the extent of sea ice. The obtained results were compared with the results of observations made at the Ny-Ålesund station. Due to the situation of the area in the polar region and the large amount of clouds, especially in summer, the annual sum of incoming solar radiation was small, amounting to an average of 2,237.8 MJ.m-2 per year. The mean air temperature in the considered period was -2.0°C. Its extreme values ranged from 15.2°C to -23.8°C. In the annual course, the highest mean temperature occurred in July (6.5°C), and the lowest in March (-7.8°C). The mean relative humidity of air was high (83%). The prevailing wind directions were from south and north sectors and this coincided with the orientation of Forlandsundet. The mean wind speed was 3.6 m.s-1. In the summer season in 1975–2017, a statistically significant air temperature increase was observed, reaching 0.28°C/10 years. The high variability of local weather conditions was caused mainly by atmospheric circulation and the impact of sea ice was much smaller in comparison.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Kejna
Ireneusz Sobota

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