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Abstract

Currently, Prosopis laevigata (mesquite) has been affected by the Bruchinae coleoptera pest, whic feeds on its seed and causes significant losses in production and grain storage. In the Hñähñu community El Alberto (Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo, Mexico), the use of aqueous extracts from garlic and nettle as botanical insecticides against different pests in agricultural fields is a known practice. Herein, we assess the efficacy of the method known by locals in the protection of mesquite seeds. Two tests were conducted: 1) Insecticidal effect on adult bruchins, and 2) Seed preservation test from Bruchinae infestation, with a germination test in seeds exposed to the treatments. There are probable insecticidal effects on immature stages of Bruchinae since there were no mortality effects on their adults during the first test. Mortality on adults in the second test was 75.6% with garlic and 50% with nettle. Nettle extract had more efficacy in seed protection with an infestation rate of 4%, whereas 27.5% of the seeds exposed to garlic extract were infested. Seed germination rate was 2.38% with nettle extract, and 1.19% with garlic extract. The method known by local inhabitants requires modifications to increase its efficacy and possible use in Integrated Pest Management in the future.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mariana González-Macedo
1
Nathalie Cabirol
1
Marcelo Rojas-Oropeza
1

  1. Functional Soil Microbial Ecology and Environmental Protection Group − Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Facultad de Ciencias − Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico
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Abstract

Cabbage seed weevil (Ceutorhynchus assimilis Payk.) is one of the most important and dangerous pests of oilseed rape in Poland and in other European countries. In contrast to another important oilseed rape insect pest – pollen beetle (Meligethes aeneus F.), little is known about cabbage seed weevil susceptibility level to insecticide active ingredients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the cabbage seed weevil susceptibility to active ingredients from different insecticide groups. Research, carried out in 2015, 2016 and 2017 revealed very high susceptibility of the pest to organophosphates and all pyrethroid active ingredients, except for tau-fluvalinate, lower susceptibility to thiacloprid and very high resistance to indoxacarb from oxadiazines. This information is a basic element for creating integrated pest management strategies for oilseed rape in Poland.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Zamojska
Daria Dworzańska
Paweł Węgorek
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Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the time-delayed (after three years from the moment of soil pollution) effect of petroleum-derived products (PDPs) (petrol, diesel fuel and used engine oil) on the interaction between selected host plant (broad bean) and a herbivorous insect closely related to it (Sitona spp.). We assessed the condition of the plant exposed to pollutants (i.e. its growth and chemical composition), then we evaluated the attractiveness of the plant for both larvae and adults of the insect. The evaluation covered also the effect of bioremediation by using ZB-01 biopreparation. The results showed that after 3 years from soil contamination, engine oil and diesel fuel limited the feeding of adult sitona weevils while petrol caused increase in the attractiveness of plants for these insects. The PDPs negatively affected the growth of plants. The changes in element content depended on the type of pollutant. The biopreparation ZB-01 eliminated or reduced the differences caused by the presence of PDPs in the soil regarding the chemical composition of the host plant, and limited feeding by both the larvae and adult individuals of sitona weevils. The negative relationships between the contents of both some macroelements (Mg, S) and heavy metals (Zn, Ni), and feeding of imago of Sitona were observed. The obtained results indicate that PDPs remain for a long time in the environment and adversely affect not only the organisms directly exposed to the pollution – plants growing on polluted soil but also further links of the trophic chain, i.e. herbivores
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Authors and Affiliations

Milena Rusin
1
Janina Gospodarek
1
Aleksandra Nadgórska-Socha
2

  1. Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland
  2. Department of Ecology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

The results of experiments showed an effect of magnetized water on the effectiveness of some selected zoocides. The control of red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) by Ortus 05 SC showed the highest effectiveness with strongly magnetized water, with use of one magnetizer and two semi-rings. On the other hand, the application of Magus 200 SC in combination with magnetized water showed a decreased effectiveness of insecticide. In the control of grain weevil (Sitophilus granarius L.), an increase in the effectiveness was found for the zoocides Talstar 100 EC, Karate 025 EC and Winylofos 550 EC in combinations with strongly magnetized water (three magnetizers or one magnetizer with two rings). In case of Sumi-Alpha 050 EC, high effectiveness of the treatment was obtained in combinations where water was magnetized in lesser degree, with use of one or two magnetizers. No significant differences were found in the effect of magnetized water on germination of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cuckoo flower (Cardamine amara L.) plants.

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Authors and Affiliations

Romuald Górski
Marek Wachowiak
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Abstract

Over the last decade, an expansion of sugar beet weevil has been observed in Poland, damaging seedlings of sugar beet plants. The distribution of damage caused by this species in Poland is presented. The expansion of the distribution of losses was illustrated on the UTM map in 2-year intervals.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zdzisław Klukowski
1
Jacek Piszczek
2

  1. Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
  2. Regional Experimental Station, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute (IPP – NRI), Poznań, Poland

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