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The calibration of sharp-crested weirs with a horizontal edge used for measuring flows in partially full pipes

Janusz Kubrak Elżbieta Kubrak Joanne E. Binio
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2024 | No 60 | 24-31 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2023.148455
Keywords calibration of sharp-crested weirs discharge characteristics of sharp-crested weirs in pipe lows in partially full pipes sharp-crested weirs in pipe
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of a laboratory study on the discharge capacity of sharp-crested weirs fitted with a horizontal edge in pipes during open-channel flow conditions and clean water used to measure the outflow. Such sharp-crested weirs are mounted in pipes and are used to control the inflow to separators. The stream profile does not correspond to the profile given by Bazin for sharp crested weirs in channels. A desired location of the water level measurement point for flow rate calculations was provided. Discharge curves were identified for three sharp-crested weirs of 0.0465, 0.0634 and 0.0771 m in height, installed in the pipe of 0.1534 m in diameter and inclinations of 0.5 and 1.0%. The discharge curves for weir flow with free nappe does not show a significant effect of the pipe slope on the weir discharge capacity. The non-dimensional formulas for the discharge capacity of the sharp-crested weir were found as general polynomial regressions. The results indicate that the calibrated sharp-crested weir with a horizontal edge placed in a pipe can be used to control the flow. Due to the scale effect, relationships obtained from the calibration cannot be generalised to other pipe diameters and weirs heights than those analysed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Kubrak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Elżbieta Kubrak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Joanne E. Binio
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nowoursynowska St, 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Water Center, Nowoursynowska St, 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
  3. Fire University, Faculty of Civil Protection and Security Engineering, Słowackiego St, 52/54, 01-629 Warsaw, Poland

Hydraulic jump and energy dissipation with stepped weir

Azmeri Azmeri Hairul Basri Alfiansyah Yulianur Ziana Ziana Faris Zahran Jemi Ridha Aulia Rahmah
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 51 | 56-61 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.139015
Keywords Energy Dissipation hydraulic jump physical model stepped weir
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Abstract

Energy dissipator functions to dissipate the river-flow energy to avoid longitudinal damage to the downstream river morphology. An optimal energy dissipator planning is essential to fulfilling safe specifications regarding flow behavior. This study aims to determine the variation of energy dissipators and evaluate its effect on the hydraulic jump and energy dissipation. For this purpose, a physical model was carried out on the existing weir condition (two steps). It was also carried out on four stepped-weir variations, i.e., three-step, three-step with additional baffle blocks at the end sills, four-step, and six-step. Dimensional analysis was employed to correlate the different parameters that affect the studied phenomenon. The study shows a three-step jump shows a significantly higher Lj/y1 ratio, which is an advantage to hydraulic jumps’ compaction. The comparison of energy dissipation in all weir variations shows that the three-stepped weir has wasted more energy than other types. The energy dissipation increase of the three-step type is 20.41% higher than the existing type’s energy dissipation and much higher than other types. The dimensions of the energy dissipation basin are the ratio of the width and height of the stairs (l/h) of the three-step type (2.50). Therefore, this type is more optimal to reduce the cavitation risk, which damages the river structure and downstream area.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Azmeri Azmeri
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hairul Basri
2
ORCID: ORCID
Alfiansyah Yulianur
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ziana Ziana
1
ORCID: ORCID
Faris Zahran Jemi
3
ORCID: ORCID
Ridha Aulia Rahmah
1
  1. Syiah Kuala University, Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Jl. Tgk. Syeh Abdul Rauf No. 7, Darussalam – Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
  2. Syiah Kuala University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
  3. Syiah Kuala University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

The Effect of Barrier on the Hydraulic Response of Composite Weir-Gate Structure

Rafi M. Qasim Ihsan A. Abdulhussein Khalid Al-Asadi
Archives of Civil Engineering | Vol. 66 | No 4 | 97-118 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2020.135211
Keywords Hydraulic Structure baffle or barrier composite weir-gate water level
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Abstract

The composite weir-gate structure is considered an important hydraulic structure. This is because of its widely used in civil engineering hydraulic works especially in an irrigation system to measure, control, divert and keep the required water level. This study focuses on the influence of barrier existence on the hydraulic parameters that described the hydraulic characteristics of composite weir-gate hydraulic structure. In this study, several experimental runs were conducted to determine the effect of barrier's location, spacing and number on the water level and depth at the downstream region of flume, discharge coefficient of composite hydraulic structure, and flow rate throughout the flume. Our experiments indicated that the turbulence intensity, inlet effect, and position, gap, and number of barriers have affected the hydraulic behavior of weir-gate structure. This appears clearly by obtaining different results of discharge coefficient and flow rate that cross the weir-gate structure comparing with same cases without barriers. Also this study gives some insights on the significance roles of fluid separation, eddies generation near the barrier, fluid resistance and overlap between overflow and underflow velocities and their effects on hydraulic factors that dominate the problem. These hydraulic factors must be considered in the design and construction of barrier/barriers in open channel to prevent any fluctuation or drop in discharge, water elevation and the required water depth at downstream region.

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Authors and Affiliations

Rafi M. Qasim
Ihsan A. Abdulhussein
Khalid Al-Asadi

Study of discharge and jump of water flow from water regulatory structures in channels

Zhuzbay Kassymbekov Abai Shinibaev Galimzhan Kassymbekov
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 53 | 22-29 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.140776
Keywords abrupt channel expansion energy dissipation hydraulic jump open channel spatial jump water flow weir
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Abstract

One of the main causes of damage to weirs regulating the flow of water in canals is local erosion of the bottom and banks. This is mainly due to the excessive kinetic energy of the stream flow and the uneven volumetric distribution of the water flow rate at the end of the strengthening. Due to this, 35–40% of hydraulic structures fail prematurely. The aim of the research was to determine the parameters of the spatial hydraulic jump arising behind the hydrotechnical structure and the rapid expansion of the cross-section. The research showed that the hydraulic jump with a curved cylinder in the plan is a spatial form and not only dissipates the energy of the stream, but also acts as a diffuser. With the stream expansion angle values in the range of 7–10°, a highly turbulent flow remains, which still has high kinetic energy at a distance from the end of the structure. At an angle of 25–27°, the flow is smooth, the velocity distribution is uniform across the width of the channel. In some cases, the forced expansion of the cross-section at the outflow of the weir favours the energy dissipation and uniform flow velocity distribution.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zhuzbay Kassymbekov
1
Abai Shinibaev
1
Galimzhan Kassymbekov
1
  1. Satbayev University, Satpayev Str., 22, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan

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