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Abstract

Prof. Tomasz Okruszko explains what role wetlands play in the environment and how they are affected by human activity.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Okruszko
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Abstract

Seasonal changes in the numbers of sulphate-reducing bacteria in water, soil, the surface of sedge (Carex acutiformis Ehrb.) immersed in waler and roots (dead and live) were studied. The study on one of larger wetland near Olsztyn (Masurian Lake District) was carried out in two annual cycles. Sulphate-reducing bacteria in the studied ecosystems occurred sporadically and generally in inappreciable count. Their count did not exceed 20 cells in I cm3 ofwaler; in the soil and in di ffercnt parts of sedge the number of bacteria ranged from several lo over dozen thousands cells in I g of dry weight. In the first year of studies these bacteria were the most numerous in June, July and during first days of December, bul in the second - in April (in soil and sedge immersed in water), in August (in soil and dead and live roots), in November (in waler, soil, sedge immersed in water and dead roots) and exceptionally in other months.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Niewolak
Renata Brzozowska
Karolina Czechowska
Zofia Filipkowska
Ewa Korzeniewska
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Abstract

This study mainly focused on the current situation of antibiotic pollution in coastal wetlands by screening for four common antibiotics (norfloxacin - NOR, ofloxacin - OFL, azithromycin - AZM, and roxithromycin - RXM) and two coastal wetland plants (Suaeda and Nelumbo nucifera), to determine the removal of antibiotic pollution by phytoremediation technology and its mechanism. We aimed to provide ideas for the remediation of antibiotics in coastal wetlands and their mechanisms of action in the context of intensive farming. The results showed that both plants had remediation effects on all four antibiotics, the phytoremediation of NOR and OFL was particularly significant, and the remediation effect of N. nucifera was better than that of Suaeda . The removal rates of the four antibiotics by Suaeda and N. nucifera at low antibiotic concentrations (10–25 μg/L) reached 48.9%–100% and 77.3%–100%, respectively. The removal rates of the four antibiotics at high antibiotic concentrations (50–200 μg/L) reached 7.5%–73.2% and 22%–84.6%, respectively. Moreover, AZM was only detected in trace amounts in the roots of N. nucifera, and RXM was not detected in either plant body.
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Bibliography

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  3. Calheiros, C., Rangel, A.& Castro, P. (2007). Constructed wetland systems vegetated with different plants applied to the treatment of tannery wastewater. Water Res. 41(8), pp. 1790-1798. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2007.01.012.
  4. Chen, X.J., Li, F.Y. & He, Y.B. (2012). Remediation effect of two kinds of aquatic plants on water contaminated by antibiotics. Subtrop. Plant Sci. 41 (4), 1-7. (in Chinese).
  5. Chiou, C.T., Sheng, G. & Manes, M. (2001). A partition-limited model for the plant uptake of organic contaminants from soil and water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 (7), pp. 1437-1444. DOI:10.1021/es0017561.
  6. Dettenmaier, E.M., Doucette, W.J. & Bugbee, W.J. (2009). Chemical hydrophobicity and uptake by plant roots. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 (2), pp. 324-329. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/es801751x.
  7. Ellis, J.B. (2006). Pharmaceutical and personal care products in urban receiving waters. Environ. Pollut. 144, pp. 184-189. DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2005.12.018.
  8. Geng, J., Liu, X., Wang, J. & Li, S. (2022). Accumulation and risk assessment of antibiotics in edible plants grown in contaminated farmlands: A review. Sci. Total Environ. 853, 158616. DOI:10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.158616.
  9. Grote, M., Schwake, A.C., Michel, R., Stevens, H., Heyser, W., Langenkamper, G., Betsche, T. & Freitag, M. (2007). Incorporation of veterinary antibiotics into crop-s from manured soil. Federal Res. Centre Agric. 1 (1), pp. 25-32.
  10. Hoang, T.T.T., Tu, L.T.C., Le, N.P. & Dao, Q.P. (2013). A preliminary study on the phytoremediation o-f antibiotic contaminated sediment. Int. J. Phytoremediat. 15 (1), 65-76. DOI:10.1080/15226514.2012.670316.
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  12. Jiang, L., Hu, X., Yin, D., Zhang, H. & Yu, Z. (2011). Occurrence, distribution and seasonal variation of antibiotics in the Huangpu River, Shanghai, China. Chemosphere 82 (6), pp. 822-828. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.028.
  13. KasprZyk-Hordern, B. & Dinsdsle, R. (2008). The occurrence of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, endocrine disruptors and illicit drugs in surface water in South Wales, UK. Water Res. 42 (13), pp. 3498-3518. DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2008.04.026.
  14. Kay, P., Blackwell, P.A. & Boxall, A.B.A. (2005). A lysimeter experiment to investigate the leaching of veterinary antibiotics through a clay soil and comparison with field data. Environ. Pollut. 134 (2), pp. 333-341. DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2004.07.021.
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Authors and Affiliations

Junwen Ma
1 4
Yubo Cui
1
Peijing Kuang
1
Chengdong Ma
2
Mingyue Zhang
1
Zhaobo Chen
1
Ke Zhao
3

  1. College of Environment and Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, China
  2. Department of Marine Ecological Environment Information,National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, China
  3. Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education,Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
  4. Product and Technology Development Center,Beijing Enterprises Water Group Limited, Beijing, 100102, China
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Abstract

Wetlands play a significant role in agricultural landscape. They are the areas of exception-ally great natural values able to regulate water cycling in river catchments. In many cases they are the basic food source for bred animals.

Large areas of wetlands (c. 4 million ha) have been drained for agricultural purposes in Poland. Nevertheless, there are still numerous natural (or close to natural) wetlands, part of which is protected in nature reserves or national parks.

Having in mind the transformation of agriculture and the need of protecting water resources and natural environment, it is necessary to regulate the principles of utilisation and management of re-claimed wetlands. Water management should be adjusted to the type of an area and to environmental requirements. Regardless of the type and intensity of agricultural use of wetlands one has to aim at limiting rapid outflow of spring thaw and rainfall waters which means the reconstruction and increas-ing of natural retention capacity of the river catchment. It is necessary to provide an appropriate num-ber of water lifting facilities and their proper exploitation in land reclamation objects.

It is as well necessary to create appropriate organizational, legal and financial conditions stimu-lating actions to improve water balance and wetland protection.

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Authors and Affiliations

Waldemar Mioduszewski
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Abstract

The Włodawka River catchment of an area of 725 km2 covers the central and eastern part of the Łęczna-Włodawa Lake District. Evaluation of the role of hydrogenic areas in runoff creation was based on materials of the Department of Hydrography and the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management data. The analysis was conducted for selected catchments in which additional hydrometric measurements and water quality tests were done. Such parameters as: the share of hydrogenic surfaces in total catchment area, types of wetlands, their hypsometric location and position with reference to drainage streams were taken into consideration for evaluation. The degree of anthropogenic transformation of the marshland was expressed in terms of density and depth of the drainage ditches that dissect it. It was found that the drained gyttja of Krowie Bagno plays a considerable role in increasing the minimum discharge. Wetlands in the Włodawka River catchment influence the conditions of the runoff and water quality, which is noticeable, primarily, in the concentration of organic carbon, and of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Turczyński
Zdzisław Michalczyk
Stanisław Chmiel
Katarzyna Mięsiak-Wójcik
ORCID: ORCID
Sławomir Głowacki
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Abstract

The potential of five plants namely Atriplex halimus L., A. canescens (Pursh) Nutt., Suaeda fruticosa (Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel.), Marrubium vulgare L. and Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter from two selected wetlands in northwest Algeria subjected to house and industrial effluents were examined to assess their arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) diversity and colonization, as well as to determine their tolerance and ability in accumulating metallic trace elements (MTEs). The purpose was to investigate whether, or not, these fungi are related to metallic uptake. Arbuscular mycorrhizal association was observed in all plant species, since the dual association between AMF and dark septate endophytes (DSE) was found in roots of 80% plants species. Hence, the decreasing trend of metal accumulation in most plant organs was Zn>Cu>Pb, and the most effi cient species were M. vulgare> S. fruticosa> A. canescens> D. viscosa> A. halimus. The bioaccumulator factors exceeded the critical value (1.0) and the transport factors indicated that all these species were phytoremediators. Pearson correlation showed that Cd bioaccumulation and translocation were inhibited by AMF infection; meanwhile Zn, Pb and Cd accumulation were affected by AMF spore density and species richness, DSE frequency, pH, AMF and plant host. Native halophytes showed a multi-metallic resistance capacity in polluted wetlands. M. vulgare was the most efficient in metal accumulation and the best host for mycorrhizal fungi. AMF played a major role in metal accumulation and translocation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Warda Sidhoum
Zohra Fortas
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Abstract

This study investigated the operation of three full-scale Lemna System surface fl ow municipal wastewater treatment plants, built according to the Lemna Corporation design. These plants consist of two ponds, the first aerated and the second for duckweed, with a barrier grid in the latter to ensure uniform plant distribution across its area. According to designers duckweed improves the efficiency of wastewater treatment. The three treatment plants are situated in central Poland and they differ in the occurrence of duckweed, two of them, located in Raków and Bąkowiec, operate without duckweed. and the third in Falęcin Stary, Lemna minor covers ca. 90% of second pond surface. The efficiency of Lemna System wastewater treatment was found not to differ between the plants with and without duckweed. The aerated pond played the main role in reduction of pollutants in the investigated Lemna Systems

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Authors and Affiliations

Teresa Ozimek
Wojciech Dąbrowski
Maria Florkiewicz
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Abstract

The paper presents results of research concerning operating of five small wastewater treatment plants working in two different technologies: hydrobotanical wastewater treatment plant and constructed wetland. Each object was designed for the treatment of domestic sewage after preliminary mechanical treatment in a septic tank. Hydrobotanical wastewater treatment plants and one of constructed wetland beds were built for treating sewage produced in educational institutions and resort. In the article attention is paid to possibility of exceeding the maximum allowable concentration of pollutants for three main indicators of pollution: BOD5, COD, and total suspension. The reduction of these indices is required by the Regulation of the Minister of Environment [14] for wastewater treatment plants with PE < 2000. In addition, the paper presents the effects of wastewater treatment to reduce biogens. The best quality of outflow was reached by outflows from constructed wetland treatment plants. None of the observed objects fulfilled the requirements in terms of allowable concentrations for total suspension. The most effective were objects operating in technology of “constructed wetland”.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Pawęska
Krzysztof Kuczewski
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Abstract

The objective of the study was to determine the possibility of using organic soil under willow for wastewater purification of excess nitrate and phosphates, and to estimate the applicability of redox potential for the assessment oftransformation ofnitrogen compounds in the soil under study. The study showed the suitability of organic soil and willow for wastewater purification under the conditions of the ,,Hajdów" experimental object. Also, significant relationships were shown between redox potential and nitrogen transformation occurring in soil irrigated with wastewater after 2nd stage of treatment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Urszula Kotowska
Teresa Włodarczyk
Małgorzata Brzezińska
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Abstract

The Water Framework Directive (WFD), whose basic aim was to create a legal back-ground for water bodies’ protection, undoubtedly affects all economic sectors. Being a specific and distinctly different water user, agriculture will have the greatest share in the implementation of WFD out of all sectors of national economy. This results from its special character (60% of the country area used by agriculture), large volume of water consumed by evapotranspiration, diffuse pollution etc. Implementation of WFD will call for undertaking of many activities to restrict an unfavourable im-pact of agriculture on water resources and water related ecosystems. It is assumed that agriculture should also protect water resources. Accomplishment of this task imposes significant changes in the land use of river basins. Water management can be an essential factor deciding about the sustainable development of rural areas and biological diversity of agricultural landscape. Actions undertaken so far to implement the WFD are mainly limited to the protection of water quality from agricultural pol-lution. It is also necessary to undertake implementation of other aims of WFD. This refers especially to the provision of good hydromorphological status of water bodies, protection of water related eco-systems and effective water use.

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Authors and Affiliations

Waldemar Mioduszewski
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Abstract

The aggregate of various taxonomic groups of microorganisms colonising living organisms is known as the microbiome. The plant microbiome encompasses a wide network of biological, chemical and metabolic interactions between the plant and microorganisms (mainly algae, bacteria and protozoa). The relationships between microbes and peatland plants, particularly carnivorous plants, are a very interesting subject that is still little understood. Microbes colonising carnivorous peatland plants may be present in their traps or on the surface of the plant. Previous research on the relationships between the microbiome composition of carnivorous plants and the external factors influencing it directly and indirectly is still inadequate. There is a lack of review articles analysing the current state of knowledge regarding carnivorous plant–microbiome interactions. This review of the literature is a collection of data on the functioning of the microbiome of carnivorous plants growing in peatland ecosystems. In addition, it summarises the available information on host–microorganism relationships.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Bartkowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Mieczan
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Life Sciences, Department of Hydrobiology and Protection of Ecosystems, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

Although Indonesia has recorded good performance in its national economic development, especially in the agriculture sector during the Covid-19 pandemic, the impact of the pandemic on farming and food systems has not been evaluated yet. This study has evaluated the resilience of the two dominant existing farming systems in West Timor, i.e. (i) wetland farming system and (ii) dryland farming system. This research aims to understand the resilience of farming after the Covid-19 pandemic and to develop strategic policies that could be adopted to increase the resilience of the farming system in West Timor. A quantitative analysis using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to evaluate the relationship and impact of the following seven generic aspects: labour movement, sustainability, economy, socio- culture, output markets, input markets, farming system resilience, and 27 reflective indicators. The analysis shows that dryland farming systems are more resilient than wetland farming systems. It might be understood from the size of the regression coefficient, as the impact of exogenous construct variables of the environment, socioculture, input, and output on the resilience of dryland farming systems is more significant than on wetlands. Economic performance rather than labour movement factors will create better resilience of farming systems for wetland or dryland after the Covid-19 pandemic. Finally, the economic recovery process and the ongoing input supply mechanism after the Covid-19 pandemic have increased the resilience of the dryland food system more than the resilience of the wetland farming system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Fredrik L. Benu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hamza H. Wulakada
2
ORCID: ORCID
David B.W. Pandie
3
ORCID: ORCID
Yosua Tanggela
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paul G. King
4
ORCID: ORCID
Halena M. Asa
5
ORCID: ORCID
Yantus A.B. Neolaka
6
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Nusa Cendana University, School of Environment, Jl. Adisucipto, Penfui, No. 5, Kupang, 85001, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia
  2. Nusa Cendana University, Faculty of Education and Teachers Training, Department of Geography Education, Jl. Adisucipto, Penfui, No. 5, Kupang, 85001, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia
  3. Nusa Cendana University, Faculty of Politics and Social Science, Jl. Adisucipto, Penfui, No. 5, Kupang, 85001, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia
  4. Griffith University, School of Environment and Science, Building No. 13, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, 4111, Queensland, Australia
  5. Nusa Cendana University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Forestry, Jl. Adisucipto, Penfui, No. 5, Kupang, 85001, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia
  6. Nusa Cendana University, Faculty of Education and Teachers Training, Department of Chemical Education, Jl. Adisucipto, Penfui, No. 5, Kupang, 85001, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia
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Abstract

In order to reconstruct environmental changes in the Borzechowo mire, a sediment core was subjected to macrofossil and stratigraphic analyses. The mire is located in the eastern part of the Pomeranian Lakeland (Tuchola Forest, northern Poland). It is a limnogenic mire, formed as a result of terrestrialisation of a water body. The time of basal peat accumulation was estimated by radiocarbon dating as 9860±130 14C BP (Gd-12393) and by palynological analysis as Preboreal. The analysis of macrofossils shows that in that period, considerable hydrological changes took place in the study area. These hydrological changes were caused by melting of dead ice blocks that was common place in the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene.

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Słowiński
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Abstract

In the paper, the research results on the removal of aliphatic hydrocarbons (C7 to C30) on constructed

wetlands have been presented. The research has been realized on the semi-technical scale constructed wetlands.

planted with reed Phragmites australis. The experimental installation is located on the filling station in Balice and treats the fraction of stormwater from this utility. The concentrations of total aliphatic hydrocarbons

in analyzed stormwater were between 96.02 µg/dm3 and 6177.33 µg/dm3

, and from 47.55 µg/dm3 to 5011.14

µg/dm3

in effluent from the installation. The average total aliphatic hydrocarbons removal effectiveness was

48%, the values ranged from 19% to 81%. Hydrocarbons C14 to C18 were removed with the lowest effectiveness (26%–32%), the lighter hydrocarbons – with higher one (39%–68%), however the highest removal

effectiveness were observed for the hydrocarbons with the highest carbon atoms numbers (from 51% for C20

to 92%–93% for C26–C30).

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Authors and Affiliations

T. Bergier
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Abstract

Owing to its high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus, the slurry from water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) biogas production cannot be discharged directly without further treatment. To achieve the target of water recycling, a new strategy of combining a Carrousel oxidation ditch with a water spinach wetland was developed in this study for the harmless treatment of Pontederia crassipes biogas slurry. First, the water quality characteristics of the biogas slurry were measured. Then, comprehensive tests of the combined slurry treatment system were carried out to verify pollutant removal performance and mechanism. The results showed that the Carrousel oxidation ditch reduced the inlet pollutant load of the subsequent water spinach wetland. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) contents of the average effluent from the combined system were less than 50 mg/L, 1.6 mg/L, 6 mg/L, and 0.5 mg/L, respectively, which means that all met urban sewage treatment standard of Level 1 Grade A (GB18918-2002). Gas chromatography – mass spectrometry analysis showed that the combined system had decreased various types of organic pollutants in the biogas slurry exponentially, efficiently removing alkane pollutants, aromatic hydrocarbons, and heterocyclic compounds. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed very large surface area of the water spinach roots in the wetland, which played important roles in enriching the microorganisms and trapping organic matter. Plant absorption, microbial degradation, and filtration were the primary ways in which the water spinach wetland purified the biogas slurry.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yaqin Yu
1
Xueyou Fang
1
Lanying Li
1
Yumeng Xu
2

  1. Yancheng Institute of Technology, China
  2. Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China
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Abstract

The paper presents results obtained during experiments with constructed wetlands that were built and monitored on the site of a municipal landfill in Southern Poland. The wetland was filled with gravel and rock in which reeds, cattails and willow were planted. A control plot without vegetation was also constructed. Each wetland was loaded with a portion of the leachate generated by the landfill. Measurements of the leachate quality showed very high concentrations of several pollutants. Particularly high concentrations of BOD, COD, nitrogen, and heavy metals were measured. High pollutant levels were probably responsible for the demise of the willows, which were dead within several months of planting. The efficiency of pollution removal with detention time up to 24 h ranged from O to 87% based on decreasing concentration of selected parameters. However, the removal efficiency of the control plot was typically only several percent lower than the removal efficiencies of the plots with vegetation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Włodzimierz A. Wójcik
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Abstract

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an adequate alternative to treat wastewater generated from fruit and vegetable processing (FVWW); likewise, in recent years, artificial wetlands (AWs) have been applied as a post-treatment process for anaerobi-cally pre-treated wastewater. The objective of this work was to design a sustainable treatment system for FVWW composed of upflow anaerobic reactors (UASB) with phase separation and an AW system that receive the anaerobically pretreated effluent. Using the design methodologies for the UASB reactors and artificial wetlands with sub-surface flow (AW-SSF), the parameters of the combined AD-AW system that treat a wastewater flow of 300 m3∙d–1 were calculated. The UASB acidogenic system was adjusted to a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 h and organic loading rate (OLR) of 13.84 kg COD m–3∙d–1; meanwhile, the methanogenic and cascade UASB reactors with OLRs of 10.0 and 3.0 kg COD m3∙d–1, and HRTs of 11 and 10 h, respectively, achieve a high COD removal efficiency (above 94%), and an overall biogas production rate of 1.53 m3 of biogas per m3 of reactor capacity per day. According to the results obtained with the theoretical design, anaerobic-wetland combined system achieves an overall efficiency greater than 98%. The wastewater treated by the pro-posed system will allow the reuse of 30% of the water used in the washing of fruits and vegetables.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yans Guardia-Puebla
ORCID: ORCID
Edilberto Llanes-Cedeño
ORCID: ORCID
Suyén Rodríguez-Pérez
Quirino Arias-Cedeño
ORCID: ORCID
Víctor Sánchez-Girón
ORCID: ORCID
Gert Morscheck
Bettina Eichler-Löbermann
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

The aboveground net primary productivity ( ANPP) of bofedales is one of the most important indicators for the provision of ecosystem services in the high Andean areas. In the case of bofedales, the evaluation of the ANPP supply capacity as a service on a spatial and temporal scale through remote sensing has been little addressed. The capacity, intra and interannual, to provide the ANPP of the high Andean wetlands was quantified at a spatial and temporal level through remote sensing. The normalized difference vegetation index ( NDVI) of the MODIS sensor was used according to the Monteith model (1972), product of the incident photosynthetically active radiation, fraction of the absorbed radiation, and the efficiency of using the radiation of the calibrated vegetation with dry matter sampling in the field. Results show an ANPP prediction R 2 of 0.52 (p < 0.05), with no significant spatial difference between field samples. When applying the model, the intra-annual temporary ANPP supply capacity presents a maximum average of 160.54 kg DM·ha –1·month –1 in the rainy season (December–May) and a maximum average of 81.17 kg DM·ha –1·month –1 in the dry season (June–October). In 2003–2020, the interannual temporary capacity presented values of 1100–1700 kg DM·ha –1·year –1. This makes it possible not to affect the sustainability of the wetlands and prevent their depletion and degradation. Understanding the ANPP supply capacity of bofedales can favour the efficient use of the resource and indirectly benefit its conservation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Deyvis Cano
1
ORCID: ORCID
Astrid Crispin
2
María Custodio
3
ORCID: ORCID
Fernán Chanamé
2
ORCID: ORCID
Richard Peñaloza
4
ORCID: ORCID
Samuel Pizarro
2 5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Programa Académico de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de Huánuco, Jr. Hermilio Valdizán N° 871, Huánuco, Peru
  2. Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Facultad de Zootecnia, Huancayo, Peru
  3. Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Centro de Investigación de Medicina en Altura y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Huancayo, Peru
  4. Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Centro de Investigación Huancayo, Peru
  5. Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Laboratorio de Ecología y Utilización de Pastizales, Lima, Peru

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