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A review of methods applied for wind power generation forecasting

Aleksandra Augustyn Jacek Kamiński
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2018 | vol. 21 | No 2 | 139–150 | DOI: 10.24425/122767
Keywords wind power forecasting physical methods statistical methods hybrid methods wind power integration
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Abstract

The dynamic development of wind power in recent years has generated the demand for production forecasting tools in wind farms. The data obtained from mathematical models is useful both for wind farm owners and distribution and transmission system operators. The predictions of production allow the wind farm operator to control the operation of the turbine in real time or plan future repairs and maintenance work in the long run. In turn, the results of the forecasting model allow the transmission system operator to plan the operation of the power system and to decide whether to reduce the load of conventional power plants or to start the reserve units.

The presented article is a review of the currently applied methods of wind power generation forecasting. Due to the nature of the input data, physical and statistical methods are distinguished. The physical approach is based on the use of data related to atmospheric conditions, terrain, and wind farm characteristics. It is usually based on numerical weather prediction models (NWP). In turn, the statistical approach uses historical data sets to determine the dependence of output variables on input parameters. However, the most favorable, from the point of view of the quality of the results, are models that use hybrid approaches. Determining the best model turns out to be a complicated task, because its usefulness depends on many factors. The applied model may be highly accurate under given conditions, but it may be completely unsuitable for another wind farm.

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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Augustyn
Jacek Kamiński

The gearless, grid-connected, 6-phase asymmetric wind turbine generator system

Marek Gołębiowski Lesław Gołębiowski Damian Mazur Matthias Humer
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2015 | vol. 64 | No 3 September | 391-403 | DOI: 10.2478/aee-2015-0031
Keywords grid connected wind power turbine three-level converter flying capacitors
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Abstract

In this paper a system of a grid side and a generator side converters, both working with a common capacitor, is presented. The 6-phase asymmetric inset-type SMPMSM generator is used. A large pole pair number of this generator enables a gearless wind turbine operation. The fundamental and 3rd harmonic cooperation is used to increase the generator performance. This is accomplished by means of the 3rd harmonic current injection. For that reason the generator side converter must have a neutral connection.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Gołębiowski
Lesław Gołębiowski
Damian Mazur
Matthias Humer

Legal barriers to the development of onshore wind power plants and the design of wind turbine tower pile foundation

Ireneusz Dyka Jolanta Harasymiuk
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 51-70 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2024.148900
Keywords foundation legal barriers wind power plant pile arrangement
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Abstract

Even the best project of a wind power plant (WPP) can fail if there are not favourable legal regulations for its completion. Most of the research has dealt with identification of various obstacles to implement WPP (political, social, legal, environmental). Analyses of legal barriers (LBs) have been usually made at a high degree of generality. This paper offers a thorough overview of LBs for localization of WPPs in Poland. This is the country where restrictive regulations have blocked the possibility of implementing such projects in many areas. Unfriendly law may persuade investors to choose worse wind turbines foundation conditions. In our research we focus on a problem little dealt in scientific studies, i.e. on the localization of WPP in difficult geotechnical conditions. The article presents the analytical engineering method, which includes the mutual influence between foundation piles in carrying on the construction load on a subsoil. The paper presents the geotechnical parameters responsible for calculation outcomes, the theoretical basis of the curve analysis method of settlement of a single pile and of the calculation of piles settlement working in a group and fastened with a stiff head. It also shows the effect of pile arrangement in a foundation and a load distribution of in-dividual piles, as well as a settlement and leaning of foundation of wind power turbine towers. The method enables a more precise, safer and optimal design of a wind turbine foundation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ireneusz Dyka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jolanta Harasymiuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Warmia and Mazury, Faculty of Geongineering, Prawochenskiego str. 15, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland

A dual-stator brushless doubly-fed generator for wind power application

Hao Liu Yakai Song Chunlan Bai Guofeng He Xiaoju Yin
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 4 | 1073-1087 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.147427
Keywords doubly-fed machines dual-stator Electromagnetic analysis operational characteristics modes wind power generation
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Abstract

A novelty dual-stator brushless doubly-fed generator (DSBDFG) with magneticbarrier rotor structure is put forward for application in wind power. Compared with a doublyfed induction generator, the DSBDFG has virtues of high reliability and low maintenance costs because of elimination of brush and sliprings components. Therefore, the proposed structure has tremendous potential as a wind power generator to apply in wind power. According to the operating principle of electric machine, the DSBDFG is studied in wind power application. At first, the topology, the winding connecting, the rotor structure, the power flow chart of different operating models and the variable speed capability of electric machine are discussed and analyzed. Then, a 50 kW DSBDFG is designed. Based on the principal dimension of the design electric machine, the electromagnetic characteristics of the DSBDFG with different running modes are analyzed and calculated to adopt the numerical method. From the result, it meets the requests of electromagnetic consistency and winding connecting in the design electric machine. Meanwhile, it confirms the proposed DSBDFG has the strong ability of speed regulation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hao Liu
1
Yakai Song
1
Chunlan Bai
2
Guofeng He
1
Xiaoju Yin
3
  1. School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Longxiang Avenue, Xincheng District, Pingdingshan, China
  2. School of Surveying and Urban Spatial Information, Henan University of Urban Construction, Longxiang Avenue, Xincheng District, Pingdingshan, China
  3. Department of Renewable Energy, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, No. 18 Puchang Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, China

Research on improving low-frequency oscillation characteristics of wind power grid-connected power system with doubly-fed wind generator based on virtual impedance power system stabilizer

Ping He Yongliang Zhu Qiuyan Li Jiale Fan Yukun Tao
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 72 | No 3 | 811 –828 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.146051
Keywords doubly-fed induction wind turbine grid-connected wind power low-frequency oscillation power system stabilizer virtual impedance
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Abstract

The grid integration of large-scale wind power will alter the dynamic characteristics of the original system and the power distribution among synchronous machines. Meanwhile, the interaction between wind turbines and synchronous machines will affect the damping oscillation characteristics of the system. The additional damping control of traditional synchronous generators provides an important means for wind turbines to enhance the damping characteristics of the system. To improve the low frequency oscillation characteristics of wind power grid-connected power systems, this paper adds a parallel virtual impedance link to the traditional damping controller and designs a DFIG-PSS-VI controller. In the designed controller, the turbine active power difference is chosen as the input signal based on residual analysis, and the output signal is fed back to the reactive power control loop to obtain the rotor voltage quadrature component. With DigSILENT/PowerFactory, the influence of the controller parameters is analyzed. In addition, based on different tie-line transmission powers, the impact of the controller on the low-frequency oscillation characteristics of the power system is examined through utilizing the characteristic root and time domain simulation analysis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ping He
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yongliang Zhu
2
Qiuyan Li
3
Jiale Fan
1
Yukun Tao
1
  1. Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, China
  2. Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China
  3. State Grid Henan Electric Power Company, Economic and Technical Research Institute, China

A combined method for wind power generation forecasting

Tuan-Ho Le
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2021 | vol. 70 | No 4 | 991-1009 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2021.138274
Keywords autoregressive integrated moving average exponential smoothing method forecasting response surface methodology wind power
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Abstract

Most of the existing statistical forecasting methods utilize the historical values of wind power to provide wind power generation prediction. However, several factors including wind speed, nacelle position, pitch angle, and ambient temperature can also be used to predict wind power generation. In this study, a wind farm including 6 turbines (capacity of 3.5 MW per turbine) with a height of 114 meters, 132-meter rotor diameter is considered. The time-series data is collected at 10-minute intervals from the SCADA system. One period from January 04th, 2021 to January 08th, 2021 measured from the wind turbine generator 06 is investigated. One period from January 01st, 2021 to January 31st, 2021 collected from the wind turbine generator 02 is investigated. Therefore, the primary objective of this paper is to propose a combined method for wind power generation forecasting. Firstly, response surface methodology is proposed as an alternative wind power forecasting method. This methodology can provide wind power prediction by considering the relationship between wind power and input factors. Secondly, the conventional statistical forecasting methods consisting of autoregressive integrated moving average and exponential smoothing methods are used to predict wind power time series. Thirdly, response surface methodology is combined with autoregressive integrated moving average or exponential smoothing methods in wind power forecasting. Finally, the two above periods are performed in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the combined methods in terms of mean absolute percent error and directional statistics in this study.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tuan-Ho Le
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Quy Nhon University, Quy Nhon, Binh Dinh Province, 820000, Vietnam

Short-term wind power combined prediction based on EWT-SMMKL methods

Jun Li Liancai Ma
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2021 | vol. 70 | No 4 | 801-817 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2021.138262
Keywords combined model empirical wavelet transform prediction soft margin multiple kernel learning wind power
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Abstract

Since wind power generation has strong randomness and is difficult to predict, a class of combined prediction methods based on empiricalwavelet transform(EWT) and soft margin multiple kernel learning (SMMKL) is proposed in this paper. As a new approach to build adaptive wavelets, the main idea is to extract the different modes of signals by designing an appropriate wavelet filter bank. The SMMKL method effectively avoids the disadvantage of the hard margin MKL method of selecting only a few base kernels and discarding other useful basis kernels when solving for the objective function. Firstly, the EWT method is used to decompose the time series data. Secondly, different SMMKL forecasting models are constructed for the sub-sequences formed by each mode component signal. The training processes of the forecasting model are respectively implemented by two different methods, i.e., the hinge loss soft margin MKL and the square hinge loss soft margin MKL. Simultaneously, the ultimate forecasting results can be obtained by the superposition of the corresponding forecasting model. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, it was applied to an actual wind speed data set from National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for short-term wind power single-step or multi-step time series indirectly forecasting. Compared with a radial basic function (RBF) kernelbased support vector machine (SVM), using SimpleMKL under the same condition, the experimental results show that the proposed EWT-SMMKL methods based on two different algorithms have higher forecasting accuracy, and the combined models show effectiveness.
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Bibliography

[1] Wang Q., Martinez-Anido C.B., Wu H.Y., Florita A.R., Hodge B.M., Quantifying the economic and grid reliability impacts of improved wind power prediction, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1525–1537 (2016), DOI: 10.1109/TSTE.2016.2560628.
[2] Liu H.Q., Li W.J., Li Y.C., Ultra-short-term wind power prediction based on copula function and bivariate EMD decomposition algorithm, Archives of Electrical Engineering, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 271–286 (2020), DOI: 10.24425/aee.2020.133025.
[3] Waskowicz B., Statistical analysis and dimensioning of a wind farm energy storage system, Archives of Electrical Engineering, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 265–277 (2017), DOI: 10.1515/aee-2017-0020.
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[5] Li J., Li M., Prediction of ultra-short-term wind power based on BBO-KELM method, Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, vol. 11, no. 5, 056104 (2019), DOI: 10.1063/1.5113555.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jun Li
1
Liancai Ma
1
  1. Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China

Development and performance analysis of a novel multiphase doubly-fed induction generator

Roland Ryndzionek Krzysztof Blecharz Filip Kutt Michał Michna Grzegorz Kostro
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 71 | No 4 | 1003-1015 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.142121
Keywords doubly-fed induction generator induction generator multiphase machine wind power generation
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Abstract

This paper presents the research into the design and performance analysis of a novel five-phase doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). The designed DFIG is developed based on standard induction motor components and equipped with a five-phase rotor winding supplied from the five-phase inverter. This approach allows the machine to be both efficient and reliable due to the ability of the five-phase rotor winding to operate during single or dual-phase failure. The paper presents the newly designed DFIG validation and verification based on the finite element analysis (FEA) and laboratory tests.
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Authors and Affiliations

Roland Ryndzionek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Blecharz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Filip Kutt
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Michna
1
ORCID: ORCID
Grzegorz Kostro
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gabriela Narutowicza str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland

Intermittent power smoothing control for grid connected hybrid wind/PV system using battery-EDLC storage devices

N.S. Jayalakshmi D.N. Gaonkar R.P. Karthik P. Prasanna
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2020 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 433-453 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2020.133036
Keywords energy storage devices inverter controller MPPT controller power smoothing PV system wind power
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Abstract

Wind and solar radiation are intermittent with stochastic fluctuations, which can influence the stability of operation of the hybrid system in the grid integrated mode of operation. In this research work, a smoothing control method for mitigating output power variations for a grid integrated wind/PV hybrid system using a battery and electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) is investigated. The power fluctuations of the hybrid system are absorbed by a battery and EDLC during wide variations in power generated from the solar and wind system, subsequently, the power supplied to the grid is smoothened. This makes higher penetration and incorporation of renewable energy resources to the utility system possible. The control strategy of the inverter is realized to inject the power to the utility system with the unity power factor and a constant DC bus voltage. Both photovoltaic (PV) and wind systems are controlled for extracting maximum output power. In order to observe the performance of the hybrid system under practical situations in smoothing the output power fluctuations, one-day practical site wind velocity and irradiation data are considered. The dynamic modeling and effectiveness of this control method

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Authors and Affiliations

N.S. Jayalakshmi
D.N. Gaonkar
R.P. Karthik
P. Prasanna

Ultra-short-term wind power prediction based on copula function and bivariate EMD decomposition algorithm

Haiqing Liu Weijian Lin Yuancheng Li
Archives of Electrical Engineering | 2020 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 271-286 | DOI: 10.24425/aee.2020.133025
Keywords bivariate EMD decomposition copula function GRU network meteorological factor ultra-short-term wind power prediction
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Abstract

Against the background of increasing installed capacity of wind power in the power generation system, high-precision ultra-short-term wind power prediction is significant for safe and reliable operation of the power generation system. We present a method for ultra-short-term wind power prediction based on a copula function, bivariate empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) algorithm and gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network. First we use the copula function to analyze the nonlinear correlation between wind power and external factors to extract the key factors influencing wind power generation. Then the joint data composed of the key factors and wind power are decomposed into a series of stationary subsequence data by a BEMD algorithm which can decompose the bivariate data jointly. Finally, the prediction model based on a GRU network uses the decomposed data as the input to predict the power output in the next four hours. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the accuracy of ultra-short-term wind power prediction.

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Authors and Affiliations

Haiqing Liu
Weijian Lin
Yuancheng Li

Simulation of the influence of wind power plants on the compartments of the complex landscape system

Mariia Ruda Taras Boyko Oksana Chayka Maryna Mikhalieva Olena Holodovska
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2022 | No 52 | 156-165 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2022.140385
Keywords eco-indicators ecological profile environmental impact assessment harmful factor simulation modelling waste management wind power plant wind turbine
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Abstract

The impact of wind power plants on the environmental components is assessed taking into account a number of their parameters, in particular the technical characteristics of wind turbines, the characteristics of networks, engineering and other structures. To do this the life cycle of the wind power plants is described taking into account (by way of inventory) all the necessary materials and resources. Waste management scenarios have been developed, the use of which will make it possible to reduce the harmful impact on the environment. Based on the inventory and input data on the wind farm under study, a diagram is generated – a tree of life cycle processes of the wind power plant – to determine the potential environmental impacts. A list of impact categories that represent the load on the environment caused by the wind power plant is defined; also, the relative contribution of harmful factors is determined for each category, taking into account possible scenarios of waste management. Ecological profiles have been built for all potential impacts on the environment. After normalisation and determination of significance, individual estimates of all indicators and their distribution in three categories of lesions were obtained: human health, ecosystem quality and resources, as well as four stages of the wind farm life cycle: production, dismantling and disposal, operation, transportation and installation. The obtained profiles made it possible to determine individual indicators and eco-indicators, expressed in eco-points that characterise the wind farm under study.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mariia Ruda
1
ORCID: ORCID
Taras Boyko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oksana Chayka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maryna Mikhalieva
2
ORCID: ORCID
Olena Holodovska
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera Str., 79000, Lviv, Ukraine
  2. Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy, Lviv, Ukraine

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