The article analyses the development of metrological control technologies for electronic distance measurement rangefinders to determine their main characteristic of accuracy – the root mean square error of distance measurement. It is established that the current reference linear bases are reliable and serve as the main means of transmitting a unit of length from the standards to the working means of measuring length. The article describes the existing linear reference bases and specifies their accuracy and disadvantages. It is concluded that the disadvantages of linear reference bases are deprived of the reference linear bases built in special laboratories. They use distances measured by the differential method with laser interferometers as reference distances. The application of such technology allowed to automate the processes of measurements and calculations. There is development of fibre-optic linear bases, in which optical fibres of known length are used as model lines. The article offers a new technical solution – a combination of fiber-optic and interference linear bases, which allows to qualitatively improve the system of metrological support of laser rangefinders. This is achieved by having a fiber-optic unit, which allows you to create baselines of increased length, while ensuring small dimensions of the baseline, and relative interference base, which provides high accuracy of linear measurements and does not require calibration of the base with a precision rangefinder, which eliminates several difficulties associated with changes in the refractive index, makes measurements independent of the wavelength of the radiation source and almost independent of the ambient temperature.

Backlogs of transmission facilities (pipelines, power lines, media networks) on third – party property require regulation. This applies to both existing infrastructure and that which remains in the design phase. Drawing on literature, legislation, and practical knowledge, the article’s authors combined statutory definitions and court interpretations with industry guidelines. The transmission easement term was introduced to the Polish law the Civil Code (Act of 2008). The issue of transmission easement, and especially the rules for defining the scope of encumbrances, areas of influence the facilities have on the real estate, and the remuneration related to that, are complex issues that are worthy of being analysed more closely. The analysis of judical decisions and practical vocational experience have allowed for determining the scope of rights and obligations related to the easement laws. It is the intent of the authors of this article for its contents to clarify the transmission easement term and to draw attention to associated issues. We focus on showcasing the transmission easement issue law-wise, with aid of e.g. rulings of Polish common courts, by highlighting the defectiveness and incompleteness of regulations. It is meant as a basis for initiating detailed studies aimed at determining solutions to specific problems.