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Abstract

The presented problem consists in optimizing the pulling force of the luffing jib tower cranes, in order to reduce power and save energy by determining reasonable geometrical parameters such as placement of pulley assemblies, position of jib pin, and jib length. To determine the optimal parameters, a mechanical model was developed to calculate the pulling force of the research object. Then, the Taguchi method and Minitab software were applied to evaluate the influence of the parameters. The objective function was the minimum pulling force of the luffing jib. The calculation results show that the position of the pulley assembly used to pull the jib is the most influential factor on the objective function accounting for 81.15%, the less significant factors are the jib length, the pin position of the jib, and the pulley assembly that changes the direction of the load lifting cable. The result of the test presented in the article allowed for determining the rational parameters, and the optimal position of the pulley assemblies on the top of the crane. In the case of the pulley assembly located at the top of the crane, one obtains the optimal height of the crane head H≈0.4 L c.
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Bibliography

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[7] Y. Xue, M.S. Ji, N. Wu, Y. Xue, and W. Wang. The dimensionless-parameter robust optimization method based on geometric approach of pulley block compensation in luffing mechanism. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference of Electrical, Automation and Mechanical Engineering, pages 157–160, Atlantis Press 2015. doi: 10.2991/eame-15.2015.43.
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[12] Q. Wu, Q. Zhou, X. Xiong and R. Zhang. Periodic topology and size optimization design of tower crane boom. International Scholarly and Scientific Research \amp; Innovation, 11(8), 2017. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1131629.
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[15] Q. Jiao, Y. Qin, Y. Han, and J. Gu. Modeling and optimization of pulling point position of luffing jib on portal crane. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021: 4627257, 2021. doi: 10.1155/2021/4627257.
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[17] R.V. Rao and V.J. Savsani. Mechanical Design Optimization Using Advanced Optimization Techniques. Springer, 2012.
[18] A. Arunkumar, S. Ramabalan, and D. Elayaraja. Optimum design of stair-climbing robots using Taguchi method. Intelligent Automation\amp; Soft Computing, 35(1):1229–1244, 2023. doi: 10.32604/iasc.2023.027388.
[19] M. Milos, I. Lozica, P. Nenad, and K. Nenad. Determination of the most influential factor during the rope winding process around winch drums using Taguchi method. 8th Iinternational Conference on Tribology, pages 794-798, 2014, Sinaia, Romania.
[20] P.J. Gamez-Montero, and E. Bernat-Maso. Taguchi techniques as an effective simulation-based strategy in the design of numerical simulations to assess contact stress in gerotor pumps. Energies, 15(19):7138, 2022. doi: 10.3390/en15197138.
[21] D-C. Chen, C-S. You, F-L. Nian, and M-W. Guo. Using the Taguchi method and finite element method to analyze a robust new design for titanium alloy prick hole extrusion, Procedia Engineering, 10:82–87, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.016.
[22] H-J. Chen, H-C. Lin, C-W .Tang. Application of the Taguchi method for optimizing the process parameters of producing controlled low-strength materials by using dimension stone sludge and lightweight aggregates. Sustainability, 13(10):5576, 2021. doi: 10.3390/su13105576.
[23] R. Barea, S. Novoa, F. Herrera, B. Achiaga, and N. Candela. A geometrical robust design using the Taguchi method: application to a fatigue analysis of a right angle bracket. DYNA, 85(205):37–46, 2018. doi: 10.15446/dyna.v85n205.67547.
[24] T. G. Duong. Instructions Manual for Calculating the Lifting Machine. Construction Publisher, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2019.
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Authors and Affiliations

Truong Giang Duong
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Abstract

Paintings inevitably bear severe mechanical loads during transportation.Understanding the dynamic characteristics of paintings helps to avoid damage during transportation and to effectively slow down their aging.In this contribution, the vibration characteristics of canvas and primed canvas of paintings and their influencing factors are studied experimentally.For this reason, two dummy paintings with canvas in a common orientation and a tilted orientation are investigated, and an experimental setup using an excitation mechanism and a laser Doppler vibrometer is developed.In order to avoid changes of the modal parameters related to humidity or temperature, all experiments were conducted in a climate box.The modal parameters of dummy paintings are identified by means of experimental modal analysis.Also, the difference in modal properties of the two dummy paintings before and after applying the primer are compared.The identified modal parameters are used to reconstruct their eigenmodes.From the identified modal parameters a numerical model is derived, which is then compared to measurements.The comparison shows a good agreement, hence is a hint for the correctness of assuming a modal structure and the quality of the modal parameter identification.Lastly, with the help of the climate box, the influences of humidity and temperature on the eigenfrequencies of dummy paintings are studied.
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Bibliography

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[8] M. Läuchli, N. Bäschlin, A. Hoess, T. Fankhauser, C. Palmbach, and M. Ryser. Packing systems for paintings: Damping capacity in relation to transport-induced shock and vibration. In Proceedings of ICOM-CC 17th Trienniel Conference, Melbourne, pages 1–9, 15–19 Sep. 2014.
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[10] C. Palmbach. Messung transportbedingter Schwingungen an textilen Bildträgern. M.Sc. Thesis, 2007. (in German).
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[12] P.G. Chiriboga Arroyo. Finite Element Modeling of Vibrations in Canvas Paintings. Ph.D. Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2013.
[13] S. Michalski. Paintings: Their response to temperature, relative humidity, shock, and vibration. Art in Transit: Studies in the Transport of Paintings, pages 223–248, 1991.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yulong Gao
ORCID: ORCID
Pascal Ziegler
ORCID: ORCID
Carolin Heinemann
ORCID: ORCID
Eva Hartlieb
ORCID: ORCID
Peter Eberhard
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

In this paper, the authors present a novel construction of an automatic balancing device applicable to balancing shafts working in a heavily polluted environment. The novelty of the presented system lies in the fact that its utilization requires no changes to be made in the already existing shafts. Also, the system is capable of working during the operation of the balanced shaft, so there is no need to stop it. The propulsion system is based on eddy current braking, therefore no wires need to be used in the device. During the development process of the system, three iterations of the device were created. Each iteration is presented, described, and discussed. The advantages and drawbacks of each version are pointed out and explained thoroughly. The correctness of the design was verified by the created devices that were assembled and fixed on shafts to prove the design assumptions.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Krygier
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Żak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Leszek Podsędkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Wróblewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Podsędkowski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Machine Tools and Production Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
  2. Institute of Turbomachinery, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
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Abstract

In this article, the frequency characteristics of the forces and torques in the various cycloidal gearbox designs were investigated. The aim of the article is the search for frequency patterns that could be used in the formulation of a fault diagnosis methodology. Numerical analysis was performed in the cycloidal gearbox without defects as well as in cycloidal gearboxes with lobe defects or with removed lobes. The results of the numerical analysis were obtained in the multibody dynamics model of the cycloidal gearbox, implemented in Fortran and using the 2nd-order Runge-Kutta method for the integration of the motion equations. The used model is planar and uses Hunt and Crossley’s nonlinear contact modelling algorithm, which was modified using the Heaviside function and backlash to fit cycloidal gearbox model convergence demands. In the analysis of fault diagnosis methods, the coherence function and Morris minimum-bandwidth wavelets were used. It is difficult to find a unique pattern in the results to use in the fault diagnosis because of the random characteristics of the torques at the input and output shafts. Based on obtained results, a promising, low-vibration cycloidal gearbox design with removed 7 lobes of the single wheel was studied using the FFT algorithm.
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Bibliography

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[6] R. Król and K. Król. Multibody dynamics model of the cycloidal gearbox, implemented in Fortran for analysis of dynamic parameters influenced by the backlash as a design tolerance. Acta Mechanica et Automatica, 17(2):272–280, 2023. doi: 10.2478/ama-2023-0031.
[7] R. Król. Cycloidal gearbox model for transient analysis implemented in Fortran with constant time step 2nd order integrator. In: A. Puchalski, B.E. Łazarz, F. Chaari, I. Komorska, Z. Zimroz (eds) Advances in Technical Diagnostics II. ICTD 2022. Applied Condition Monitoring, pp. 63–74, vol. 21. Springer, Cham 2023. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-31719-4_7.
[8] R. Król. Software for the cycloidal gearbox multibody dynamics analysis, implemented in Fortran. (Purpose: presentation of the results in the scientific article), 2023. doi: 10.5281/ZENODO.7729842.
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Authors and Affiliations

Roman Król
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Poland
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Abstract

This work presents an analysis of vibration signals for bearing defects using a proposed approach that includes several methods of signal processing. The goal of the approach is to efficiently divide the signal into two distinct components: a meticulously organized segment that contains relatively straightforward information, and an inherently disorganized segment that contains a wealth of intricately complex data. The separation of the two component is achieved by utilizing the weighted entropy index (WEI) and the SVMD algorithm. Information about the defects was extracted from the envelope spectrum of the ordered and disordered parts of the vibration signal. Upon applying the proposed approach to the bearing fault signals available in the Paderborn university database, a high amplitude peak can be observed in the outer ring fault frequency (45.9 Hz). Likewise, for the signals available in XJTU-SY, a peak is observed at the fault frequency (108.6 Hz).
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Karim Bouaouiche
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yamina Menasria
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dalila Khalfa
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Electromechanical Engineering Laboratory, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
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Abstract

In the present study, the problem of optimization of the motion mode of the tower crane's slewing mechanism in the steady-state mode of trolley movement is stated and solved. An optimization criterion, which includes the RMS values of the drive torque and the rate of its change over time, is minimized. The optimization is carried out taking into account the drive torque constraints, and under the specified boundary conditions of motion. Three optimization problems at different values of the weight coefficients are solved. In the first problem, priority is given to the drive torque, in the third – to the rate of the drive torque change, and in the second problem, the significance of both components is assumed equal. The optimization problems are nonlinear, thus a VСT-PSO method is applied to solve them. The obtained optimal start-up modes of the crane slewing mechanism eliminate pendulum load oscillations and high-frequency elastic oscillations of the tower. Most of the kinematic, dynamical, and power parameters at different values of the weight coefficients are quite close to each other. It indicates that the optimal modes of motion are significantly influenced by the boundary conditions, optimization parameters, and constraints
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Authors and Affiliations

Viacheslav Loveikin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yuriy Romasevych
1
ORCID: ORCID
Andrii Loveilin
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mykola Korobko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anastasia Liashko
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
  2. Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine how the change of glass laminate fibres to flax fibres will affect the stability of thin-walled angle columns. Numerical analyses were conducted by the finite element method. Short L-shaped columns with different configurations of reinforcing fibres and geometric parameters were tested. The axially compressed structures were simply supported on both ends. The lowest two bifurcation loads and their corresponding eigenmodes were determined. Several configurations of unidirectional fibre arrangement were tested. Moreover, the influence of a flange width change by ±100% and a column length change by ±33% on the bifurcation load of the compressed structure was determined. It was found that glass laminate could be successfully replaced with a bio-laminate with flax fibres. Similar results were obtained for both materials. For the same configuration of fibre arrangement, the flax laminate showed a lower sensitivity to the change in flange width than the glass material. However, the flax laminate column showed a greater sensitivity to changes in length than the glass laminate one. In a follow-up study, selected configurations will be tested experimentally.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Gawryluk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

Water resources are the main component of natural systems affected by climate change in the Middle East. Due to a lack of water, steam power plants that use wet cooling towers have inevitably reduced their output power. This article investigates the replacement of wet cooling towers in Isfahan Thermal Power Plant (ITPP) with Heller natural dry draft cooling towers. The thermodynamic cycle of ITPP is simulated and the effect of condenser temperature on efficiency and output power of ITPP is evaluated. For various reasons, the possibility of installing the Heller tower without increasing in condenser temperature and without changing the existing components of the power plant was rejected. The results show an increase in the condenser temperature by removing the last row blades of the low-pressure turbine. However, by replacing the cooling tower without removing the blades of the last row of the turbine, the output power and efficiency of the power plant have decreased about 12.4 MW and 1.68 percent, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohamad Hasan Malekmohamadi
1 2
Hossein Ahmadikia
1
ORCID: ORCID
Siavash Golmohamadi
2
Hamed Khodadadi
3

  1. University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
  2. Isfahan Thermal Power Plant, Isfahan, Iran
  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Abstract

The problem of optimal design of symmetrical double-lap adhesive joint is considered. It is assumed that the main plate has constant thickness, while the thickness of the doublers can vary along the joint length. The optimization problem consists in finding optimal length of the joint and an optimal cross-section of the doublers, which provide minimum structural mass at given strength constraints. The classical Goland-Reissner model was used to describe the joint stress state. A corresponding system of differential equations with variable coefficients was solved using the finite difference method. Genetic optimization algorithm was used for numerical solution of the optimization problem. In this case, Fourier series were used to describe doubler thickness variation along the joint length. This solution ensures smoothness of the desired function. Two model problems were solved. It is shown that the length and optimal shape of the doubler depend on the design load.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Sergei Kurennov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Konstantin Barakhov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olexander Polyakov
1
ORCID: ORCID
Igor Taranenko
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National Aerospace University “Kharkiv Aviation Institute”, Kharkiv, Ukraine
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Abstract

In such applications as in the case of feeders in which a slider-crank mechanism equipped with a rotational spring on its crank is driven by a constant force and a lumped mass at the crank-connecting rod joint center, the slider is required to take on desired speeds and displacements. For this purpose, after obtaining and solving the dynamic model of the slider-crank mechanism, the output of this model is subjected to a modified Hooke-Jeeves method resulting in the development of a procedure for the optimization of selected set of operating parameters. The basic contribution involved in the so-called Hooke-Jeeves method is the procedure by which a cost-effective advancement towards a target optimum point is accomplished in a very short time. A user-friendly interface has also been constructed to support this procedure. The optimization procedure has been illustrated on a numerical example. The validation of the resulting dynamic model has also been demonstrated.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mehmet Ilteris Sarigecili
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ibrahim Deniz Akcali
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Abstract

The automotive industry requires more and more light materials with good strength and formability at the same time. The answer to this type of demands are, among others, aluminium alloys of the 6xxx series, which are characterized by a high strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. Different material state can affect formability of AlMgSi sheets. These study analysed the influence of heat treatment conditions on the drawability of the sheet made of 6082 aluminium alloy. The studies on mechanical properties and plastic anisotropy for three orientations (0, 45, 90°) with respect to the rolling direction were carried out. The highest plasticity was found for the material in the 0 temper condition. The influence of heat treatment conditions on the sheet drawability was analysed using the Erichsen, Engelhardt-Gross, Fukui and AEG cupping tests. It was found that the material state influenced the formability of the sheet. In the case of bulging, the sheet in the annealed state was characterized by greater drawability, and in the deep drawing process, greater formability was found for the naturally aged material.
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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Kuczek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Mroczkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Turek
1

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, Cracow, Poland
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Abstract

This paper discusses the different methods used for calculating first- and second-order sensitivity: the direct differentiation method, the adjoint variables method, and the hybrid method. The solutions obtained allow determining the sensitivity of dynamic characteristics such as eigenvalues and eigenvectors, natural frequencies, and nondimensional damping ratios. The methods were applied for analyzing systems with viscoelastic damping elements, whose behavior can be described by classical and fractional rheological models. However, the derived formulas are general and can also be applied to systems with damping elements described by other models. Their advantage is a compact and easy to code form. The paper also presents a comparison of the computational costs of the discussed methods. The correctness of all the proposed methods has been illustrated with numerical examples.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Łasecka-Plura
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Structural Analysis, Poznan, Poland
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Abstract

Titanium alloys are difficult-to-machine materials due to their complex mechanical and thermophysical properties. An essential factor in ensuring the quality of the machined surface is the analysis and recommendation of vibration processes accompanying cutting. The analytical description of these processes for machining titanium alloys is very complicated due to the complex adiabatic shear phenomena and the specific thermodynamic state of the chip-forming zone. Simulation modeling chip formation rheology in Computer-Aided Forming systems is a practical method for studying these phenomena. However, dynamic research of the cutting process using such techniques is limited because the initial state of the workpiece and tool is a priori assumed to be "rigid", and the damping properties of the fixture and machine elements are not taken into account at all. Therefore, combining the results of analytical modeling of the cutting process dynamics with the results of simulation modeling was the basis for the proposed research methodology. Such symbiosis of different techniques will consider both mechanical and thermodynamic aspects of machining (specific dynamics of cutting forces) and actual conditions of stiffness and damping properties of the “Machine-Fixture-Tool-Workpiece” system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Vadym Stupnytskyy
1
ORCID: ORCID
She Xianning
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yurii Novitskyi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yaroslav Novitskyi
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
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Abstract

Unmanned, battery-powered quadrotors have a limited onboard energy resources. However, flight duration might be increased by reasonable energy expenditure. A reliable mathematical model of the drone is required to plan the optimum energy management during the mission. In this paper, the theoretical energy consumption model was proposed. A small, low-cost DJI MAVIC 2 Pro quadrotor was used as a test platform. Model parameters were obtained experimentally in laboratory conditions. Next, the model was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and then validated using the data collected during real flight trials in outdoor conditions. Finally, the Monte-Carlo simulation was used to evaluate the model reliability in the presence of modeling uncertainties. It was obtained that the parameter uncertainties could affect the amount of total consumed energy by less than 8% of the nominal value. The presented model of energy consumption might be practically used to predict energy expenditure, battery state of charge, and voltage in a typical mission of a drone.
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Authors and Affiliations

Robert Głębocki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Żugaj
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mariusz Jacewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Based on comprehensive interrelated mathematical and graphical-analytical models, including 3D cut layers and simulation of contact, strain, force, and thermal processes during gear hobbing friction forces, heat fluxes, and temperature on the teeth of the hob surface are investigated. Various physical phenomena are responsible for their wear: friction on contact surfaces and thermal flow. These factors act independently of each other; therefore, the worn areas are localized in different active parts of the hob. Friction causes abrasive wear and heat fluxes result in heat softening of the tool. Intense heat fluxes due to significant friction, acting on areas of limited area, lead to temperatures exceeding the critical temperature on certain edges of the high-speed cutter. Simulation results enable identification of high-temperature areas on the working surface of cutting edges, where wear is caused by various reasons, and make it possible to select different methods of hardening these surfaces. To create protective coatings with maximum heat resistance, it is advisable to use laser technologies, electro spark alloying, or plasma spraying, and for coatings that provide reduction of friction on the surfaces – formation of diamond-containing layers with minimum adhesion properties and low friction coefficient on the corresponding surfaces.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ihor Hrytsay
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vadym Stupnytskyy
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
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Abstract

Mass Spring Systems (MSS) are often used to simulate the behavior of deformable objects, for example in computer graphics (modeling clothes for virtual characters) or in medicine (surgical simulators that facilitate the planning of surgical operations) due to their simplicity and speed of calculation. This paper presents a new, two-parameter method (TP MSS) of determining the values of spring coefficients for this model. This approach can be distinguished by a constant parameter which is calculated once at the beginning of the simulation, and a variable parameter that must be updated at each simulation step. The value of this variable parameter depends on the shape changes of the elements forming the mesh of the simulated object. The considered mesh is built of elements in the shape of acute-angled triangles. The results obtained using the new model were compared to FEM simulations and the Van Gelder model. The simulation results for the new model were also compared with the results of the bubble inflation test.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sylwester Tudruj
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Kurec
2
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Piechna
1
ORCID: ORCID
Konrad Kamieniecki
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Microvibrations are mechanical oscillations caused by components such as the reaction wheels of an attitude control system of a spacecraft. These microvibrations are transferred through the spacecraft structure onto important instruments (e.g., optical instruments), causing those to produce diminished results (e.g., reduced image quality, imprecise geolocation etc.). At the present state, microvibrations in spacecraft cannot be actively controlled because their very high frequencies of up to 1000 Hz are above the control bandwidth a current attitude control system can provide. However, being able to reduce the effects of microvibrations on a space mission is becoming increasingly more critical as the envelope of future optical satellite missions expands. Furthermore, the advancements made in the performance of small satellites as well as the growing interest in laser and quantum communication call for a cost-efficient solution for managing microvibrations. This paper describes how cheap MEMS-based measurement systems have already proven that they are a potential solution. Showing high sensitivity and low-noise performance while allowing fast and easy prototyping.
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Authors and Affiliations

Antonio Garcia
1
Tim Gust
1
Enes Basata
1
Tim Gersting
1
Michal Deka
1
Sven Thiele
1
Mohammad Salah
1
Matias Bestard Koerner
2
Torben Runte
3
Miguel Gonzalez
3

  1. City University of Applied Sciences Bremen, Institute of Aerospace Technologies, Bremen, Germany
  2. German Aerospace Center – DLR, Institute of Space Systems. Guidance, Navigation and Control Systems. Bremen, Germany
  3. OHB System AG, Bremen, Germany
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Abstract

The article aims at assessing the influence of the drill bit material on the bearing strength of holes made in glass fabric reinforced epoxy composite. Six twists made of widely used drill materials such as high speed steels and carbides in different configurations were selected to drill holes in the composite. In the first stage of the work, optimum drilling parameters were selected and then used for drilling holes in specimens tested in single lap shear experiments. For each tested specimen two different delamination factors, one based on the delamination area and another - on its diameter, were calculated in order to assess the quality of the holes and then compared to the results of the bearing strength experiments. The results of the bearing tests showed that the highest strength was achieved for the high speed steel drill with titanium coating while the lowest for the cemented carbide drill. This finding is in opposition to the majority of results reported in literature.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Galińska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Bearings are one of the pivotal parts of rotating machines. The health of a bearing is responsible for the hassle-free operation of a machine. As vibration signatures give intimations of machine failure at an earlier stage, mostly vibration-based condition monitoring is used to monitor bearing’s health for avoiding the risk of failure. In this work, a simulation-based approach is adopted to identify surface defects at ball bearing raceways. The vibration data in time and frequency domain is captured by FFT analyzer from an experimental setup. The time frequency domain conversion of a raw time domain data was carried out by wavelet packet transform, as it takes into account the transients and spectral frequencies. The rotor bearing model is simulated in Ansys. Finally, most influencing statistical features were extracted by employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and fed to Multiclass Support Vector Machine (MSVM). To train the algorithm, the simulated data is used whereas the data acquired from FFT analyzer is used for testing. It can be concluded that the defects are characterized by Ball Pass Frequency (BPF) at inner race and outer raceway as indicated in the literature. The developed model is capable to monitor bearing’s health which gives an average accuracy of 99%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Pallavi Khaire
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Vikas Phalle
1

  1. Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbai, India
  2. Fr. C. Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Navi Mumbai, India
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Abstract

To reduce the recoil and improve the stability of small arms, a muzzle brake compensator is attached to the muzzle of the barrel. This device uses the kinetic energy of the powder gas escaping from the bore after the bullet is fired. In this paper, the authors present the determination of the thermo-gas-dynamic model of the operation of a muzzle brake compensator and an example of calculating this type of muzzle device for the AK assault rifle using 7.62x39 mm ammunition. The results of the calculation allowed for obtaining the parameters of the powder gas flow in the process of flowing out of the muzzle device, as well as the change in the momentum of the powder gas's impact on the muzzle device. The model proposed in the article provides the basis for a quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of using the muzzle device in stabilizing infantry weapons when firing.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dung Van Nguyen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Viet Quy Bui
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dung Thai Nguyen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Quyen Si Uong
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hieu Tu Truong
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Special Equipment, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Abstract

The Pump As Turbine (PAT) is an important technology for low-cost micro-hydropower and energy recovery, and hence the internal hydraulics of PAT needs to be clearly understood. Additionally, during its operation, the sediments in the water increase the roughness of the internal surfaces and may alter the internal hydraulics and PAT performance similar to a centrifugal pump or Francis turbine. The researchers tried hard to perform simple modifications such as impeller blade rounding to increase the efficiency of PAT. In this paper, the developed test rig is used to analyze the performance of the impeller blade rounding and is validated with a numerical model. This numerical model is further used to study the influence of impeller blade rounding and surface roughness on internal hydraulics and PAT performance. The impeller blade rounding at the most increased the PAT efficiency by 1-1.5 % at the Best efficiency point (Q=16.8 lps), mainly due to the wake reduction on the suction side and increased flow area. With increasing the surface roughness from 0-70 μm, the PAT efficiency is decreased maximum by 4 %. The efficiency was mainly reduced due to increased hydraulic losses at flow zone and disk friction losses at the non-flow zone.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rahul Gaji
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Ashish Doshi
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mukund Bade
2
ORCID: ORCID
Punit Singh
3

  1. Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology, Ashta, India
  2. Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
  3. Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Abstract

The lubrication of angular contact ball bearings under high-speed motion conditions is particularly important to the working performance of rolling bearings. Combining the contact characteristics of fluid domain and solid domain, a lubrication calculation model for angular contact ball bearings is established based on the RNG k-ε method. The pressure and velocity characteristics of the bearing basin under the conditions of rotational speed, number of balls and lubricant parameters are analyzed, and the lubrication conditions and dynamics of the angular contact ball bearings under different working conditions are obtained. The results show that the lubricant film pressure will rise with increasing speed and viscosity of the lubricant. The number of balls affects the pressure and velocity distribution of the flow field inside the bearing but has a small effect on the values of the characteristic parameters of the bearing flow field. The established CFD model provides a new approach to study the effect of fluid flow on bearing performance in angular contact ball bearings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bowen Jiao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Qiang Bian
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xinghong Wang
1
Chunjiang Zhao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ming Chen
1
Xiangyun Zhang
2

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
  2. Luoyang Bearing Research Institute Co., Ltd, Luoyang, China
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Abstract

In this paper, an adaptive distributed formation controller for wheeled nonholonomic mobile robots is developed. The dynamical model of the robots is first derived by employing the Euler-Lagrange equation while taking into consideration the presence of disturbances and uncertainties in practical applications. Then, by incorporating fractional calculus in conjunction with fast terminal sliding mode control and consensus protocol, a robust distributed formation controller is designed to assure a fast and finite-time convergence of the robots towards the required formation pattern. Additionally, an adaptive mechanism is integrated to effectively counteract the effects of disturbances and uncertain dynamics. Moreover, the suggested control scheme's stability is theoretically proven through the Lyapunov theorem. Finally, simulation outcomes are given in order to show the enhanced performance and efficiency of the suggested control technique.
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Authors and Affiliations

Allaeddine Yahia Damani
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zoubir Abdeslem Benselama
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ramdane Hedjar
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Laboratory of signal and image processing, Saad Dahlab University Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
  2. Center of Smart Robotics Research CEN, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the thermal-flow characteristics for a laminar flow inside a rectangular microchannel. The flow of water through channels with thin obstacles mounted on opposite walls was analyzed. The studies were conducted with a low Reynolds number (from 20 to 200). Different heights of rectangular obstacles were analyzed to see if geometrical factors influence fluid flow and heat exchange in the microchannel. Despite of the fact that the use of thin obstacles in the microchannels leads to an increase in the pressure drop, the increase in the height of the obstacles favors a significant intensification of heat exchange with the maximum thermal gain factor of 1.9 for the obstacle height coefficient h/H=0.5, which could be acceptable for practical application.
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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Kmiotek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Robert Smusz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Rzeszow University of Technology, The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow, Poland

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