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Abstract

Glass and ceramic industries are the main consumption areas of quartz sand, which is a formed as a result of the weathering of igneous metamorphic rocks. In such industries, it is very important to select the correct ball size in order to grind the raw material to the desired particle size in optimum time. In this study, the changes in the specific rate of breakage of the quartz sand sample were investigated by using cylpebs of three different sizes. For this purpose, three different mono-size samples were prepared according to 4√2 series in the range of 0.090-0.053 mm. The quartz sand prepared in these three intervals were ground with 10×10, 20×20 and 30×30 mm cylpebs for different durations. Specific rate of breakage values were obtained from the particle size distributions acquired after various grinding periods. As a result of grinding tests, an increase in rate of breakage is observed due to the increase in cylpebs diameter.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Serhan Haner
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Afyon Kocatepe University, Department of Industrial Product Design, Dinar Yerleşkesi, Cumhuriyet Mh. Kooperat if Cd . No: 1, Dinar, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Abstract

Large deformation in roadways is an inevitable problem faced by many coal mines, and bolt installation is widely adopted to keep roadway stability. To provide a theoretical basis for bolt supporting scheme design in order to eliminate hazards associated with roadway failure, the interaction principle between bolts and the bolted strata should be studied thoroughly. This research attempts to investigate the above principle through theoretical analysis through a group of selected statistics from fifteen different coal mines. At the same time, the thick board support method was proposed and applied for controlling the ribs deformation in a particular coal mine. It is concluded that the interaction of the rock-bolt entity is subjected to the fluctuation balance law. When deformation increases, the bolted structure experiences periodic equilibrium variation. Both the supporting force needed to stabilise the surrounding rocks and the supporting capability of bolted strata show a trend of decrease in this process. The interaction principle of surrounding rocks and bolts is in essence the mechanical phenomenon caused by their mutual load transformation, and the load-carrying capacity varies with the bolted structure’s deformation, which is subjected to the following law: elastic roadway>plastic roadway> fractured roadway>broken roadway. The designed bolted thickness of the ribs should be more than 1/5 of roadway height to make full use of the self-stability of surrounding rocks. Finite Difference Method simulation and on-site monitoring data showed that the roof subsidence and ribs convergence of 2201 roadway in Shuguang coal mine was reduced by 83.7% and 88.6% respectively after utilising the proposed support method, indicating that the thick-board method was effective. Results of this research can lay a foundation for support design in large deformation roadways.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xun Yuan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Shuangsuo Yang
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Sichuan University – The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Institute for Disaster Managementand Reconstruction, 610207 Chengdu, China
  2. Taiyuan University of Technology, College of Mining Engineering, 030024 Taiyuan, China
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Abstract

Optimum truck numbers of an enterprise can be found by dividing the period of time passed between a departing truck after loading, the arrival at the dumping location, the arrival at the point of loading again and the average loading time parameters of a truck. The average loading time of the truck is directly associated with the bucket fill factor and cycle time of the excavator. While the bucket fill factor depends on the mechanical strength and the discontinuity characteristics of the rock, the cycle time is related to bucket volume, the strength and the discontinuity characteristics of the rock. In this study, two relations predicting the average cycle time of the bucket fill factor for both hydraulic and electric excavators is done by seven excavators with different bucket volumes, and mass characteristics of eight different rocks from a coal open pit mine. According to the above, the optimum truck number was developed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Abdurrahman Tosun
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Dokuz Eylul University, Bergama, 35062, Izmir, Turkey
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Abstract

The primary objective of the case study is to improve monitoring, controlling, planning and managing the extraction processes in surface lignite mining. Under the North Bohemian Lignite Basin (also Most Basin) conditions and the Sokolov Basin, wheeled excavators are deployed as the main technology for extracting coal and overlying rock. Their real-time spatial position can be tracked based on data from GNSS technology, inclinometers, and incremental rotary encoders. The measured data is sent to a remote server and stored in the database. It also serves to calculate volumes of extracted masses. Volume calculation, space position visualisation, and wheel boom movements are performed in KVASoftware. It is a program designed for modelling and designing quarries. Knowing the position of the wheel against the digital terrain (quarry), the model is essential for the implementation of many risk-elimination applications, namely with respect to the geological conditions, occupational safety, observance of the profile grade line, the area of extraction, qualitative parameters of the raw material, etc. The mathematical model of backfilling extracted materials is also an integral part of the above-mentioned system.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dana Vrublová
1
ORCID: ORCID
Roman Kapica
2
ORCID: ORCID
Stanislav Smelik
3
ORCID: ORCID
Markéta Smeliková
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava , Faculty of Mining and Geology, Institute of Combined Studies in Most, Dělnická 21, Most, Czech Republic
  2. VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Department of Geodesy and Mine Surveying, 17. listopadu 15, Ostrava – Poruba, 708 00, Czech Republic
  3. Geodetic Office, Baška 111, 739 01 Baška, Czech Republic
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Abstract

Low-frequency mechanical vibrations can trigger disasters such as coal-gas outbursts. An in-house “vibration-triaxial stress-seepage” experimental apparatus was used to measure the gas flow rate of rock specimens with varying vibrational frequency, gas pressure, and confining pressure. The results of these tests were then used to derive expressions that describe how the permeability of gas-containing coal rocks is related to these aforementioned factors. In addition, sensitivity coefficients were defined to characterise the magnitude of the permeability response to each permeability-affecting factor (i.e., vibrational frequency and gas pressure). The following insights were gained, regarding the effects of vibrational frequency on the permeability of gas-containing coal rocks: (1) If gas pressure and confining pressure are fixed, the permeability of gas-containing coal rocks rapidly increases, before gradually decreasing, with increasing vibrational frequency. Thus, the permeability of the gas-containing coal rock is always larger with vibrations than without. (2) If vibrational pressure and confining pressure are fixed, the relationship between the permeability of gas-containing coal rocks and gas pressure is consistent with the “Klinkenberg effect,” i.e., the permeability initially decreases, and then increases, with increasing gas pressure. (3) The change in permeability induced by each unit change in gas pressure is proportional to the gas pressure sensitivity coefficient. (4) The change in permeability induced by each unit change in vibrational frequency is proportional to the vibrational frequency sensitivity coefficient.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zhu Bairu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Song Yang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wu Beining
1
ORCID: ORCID
Li Yongqi
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Liaoning Technical University, School of Civil Engineering, Fuxin, Liaoning, 123000, China
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Abstract

As a preliminary point, four longwalls, where inertisation of goafs using nitrogen was applied, have been characterised. Next, the issue concerning the unreliable Graham’s ratio values, which occur in certain ranges of its denominator value, were discussed. The reliability criterion of this indicator was also quoted. Afterwards, a basic statistical sample consisting of the results of chromatographic analyses of air samples taken from longwalls areas, where nitrogen inertisation was not applied and were classified by Graham’s ratio as samples safe from endogenous fire hazard was described. Then, the results of comparative analyses of the base sample with the concentrations of gases contained in air samples taken from the areas of the previously described four longwalls, which according to Graham’s ratio, were also safe from the endogenous fire were presented. Comparative analyses were performed before and after applying Graham’s ratio reliability criterion.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lucjan Świerczek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Central Mining Institute, Department of Mining Aerology, 1 Gwarków Sq., 40-166 Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

Gas explosions are major disasters in coal mining, and they typically cause a large number of deaths, injuries and property losses. An appropriate understanding of the effects of combustible gases on the characteristics of methane explosions is essential to prevent and control methane explosions. FLACS software was used to simulate an explosion of a mixture of CH4 and combustible gases (C2H4, C2H6, H2, and CO) at various mixing concentrations and different temperatures (25, 60, 100, 140 and 180℃). After adding combustible gases to methane at a constant volume and atmospheric pressure, the adiabatic flame temperature linearly increases as the initial temperature increases. Under stoichiometric conditions (9.5% CH4-air mixture), the addition of C2H4 and C2H6 has a greater effect on the adiabatic flame temperature of methane than H2 and CO at different initial temperatures. Under the fuel-lean CH4-air mixture (7% CH4-air mixture) and fuel-rich mixture (11% CH4-air mixture), the addition of H2 and CO has a greater effect on the adiabatic flame temperature of methane. In contrast, the addition of combustible gases negatively affected the maximum explosion pressure of the CH4-air mixture, exhibiting a linearly decreasing trend with increasing initial temperature. As the volume fraction of the mixed gas increases, the adiabatic flame temperature and maximum explosion pressure of the stoichiometric conditions increase. In contrast, under the fuel-rich mixture, the combustible gas slightly lowered the adiabatic flame temperature and the maximum explosion pressure. When the initial temperature was 140℃, the fuel consumption time was approximately 8-10 ms earlier than that at the initial temperature of 25℃. When the volume fraction of the combustible gas was 2.0%, the consumption time of fuel reduced by approximately 10 ms compared with that observed when the volume fraction of flammable gas was 0.4%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zhenmin Luo
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Litao Liu
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Shuaishuai Gao
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Tao Wang
1 2 3
ORCID: ORCID
Bin Su
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Lei Wang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Yong Yang
4 2
ORCID: ORCID
Xiufang Li
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Xi’an University of Science and Technology, School of Safety Science & Engineering, 58, Yanta Mid. Rd., Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, PR China
  2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal Fire, 58, Yanta Mid. Rd, Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, PR China
  3. Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Postdoctoral Program, 58, Yanta Mid. Rd., Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, PR China
  4. Xi’an University of Science and Technology, School of Safety Science & Engineering, 58, Yanta Mid. Rd., Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, PR
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of a series of Cone Penetration Test CPTu performed near the city of Wroclaw (Poland). The tests were carried out in 13 testing points located in close distance to each other. To verify the results of the penetration tests, fine-grained soil samples from selected depths were taken for laboratory tests. The study focuses on the evaluation of soil type, unit weight, and undrained shear strength cu, and compression index Cc. The grain size distribution of the soil and its mechanical parameters on the basis of a uniaxial compression and an oedometer tests were estimated. A comparison of laboratory and CPTu for selected values is presented. Determination of soil type was carried out on the basis of ISBT and IC values and good agreement with the granulometric composition was found. For undrained shear strength, commonly used correlations based on Nk, Nkt and Nke were adopted. However, the values obtained from the CPT are significantly lower than the results from laboratory tests. Therefore, values of cone factors suitable for investigated soil type and reference test were proposed. In the case of the compression index, the coefficient values βc and αm obtained agreed with those available in the literature. The findings presented in the paper indicate that laboratory tests remain necessary to identify soil properties from CPTu. The presented results are also a contribution to the knowledge of local soil conditions in the Lower Silesia area (Poland).
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Authors and Affiliations

Matylda Tankiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Irena Bagińska
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 25 Norwida Str., 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
  2. Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego st., 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of a study of methane adsorption on coal samples with various degrees of metamorphism, coming from the Polish and Czech parts of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB). The range of coalification of the samples was from bituminous with vitrinite reflectance Ro equal to about 0.5% to para-anthracite coals with Ro equal to over 2%. The methane adsorption capacity was determined at the temperature 303 K for each of the studied coal seams. Methane adsorption isotherms were approximated using the Langmuir model. The relationship between the Langmuir isotherm parameters (am and PL) and the degree of coalification was presented. It was shown that the degree of coalification of the coal substance affects the adsorption ability of coal with respect to methane and determines the value of the Langmuir isotherm parameters. The study was conducted in order to present the distribution of adsorption capacity of Upper Silesian coals in relation to improving work safety in active mines as well as designing technologies that use coal bed methane (CBM) from balance and off-balance resources.
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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Dutka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Godyń
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 27 Reymonta Str.,30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Abstract

Salt caverns are used for the storage of natural gas, LPG, oil, hydrogen, and compressed air due to rock salt advantageous mechanical and physical properties, large storage capacity, flexible operations scenario with high withdrawal and injection rates. The short- and long-term mechanical behaviour and properties of rock salt are influenced by mineral content and composition, structural and textural features (fabrics). Mineral composition and fabrics of rock salt result from the sedimentary environment and post sedimentary processes. The impurities in rock salt occur in form of interlayers, laminae and aggregates. The aggregates can be dispersed within the halite grains or at the boundary of halite grains. Mineral content, mineral composition of impurities and their occurrence form as well as halite grain size contribute to the high variability of rock salt mechanical properties. The rock or mineral impurities like claystone, mudstone, anhydrite, carnallite and sylvite are discussed. Moreover, the influence of micro fabrics (in micro-scale) like fluid inclusions or crystals of other minerals on rock salt mechanical performance is described. In this paper the mechanical properties and behaviour of rock salt and their relation to mineral composition and fabrics are summarised and discussed. The empirical determination of impurities and fabrics impact on deformation mechanism of rock salt, qualitative description and formulation of constative models will improve the evaluation and prediction of cavern stability by numerical modelling methods. Moreover, studying these relations may be useful in risk assessment and prediction of cavern storage capacity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Cyran
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mining and Geoengineering, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Abstract

In order to study the failure mechanism and characteristics for strip coal pillars, a monitoring device for strip coal pillar uniaxial compression testing was developed. Compression tests of simulated strip coal pillars with different roof and floor rock types were conducted. Test results show that, with increasing roof and floor strength, compressive strength and elastic modulus of “roof-strip coal pillar-floor” combined specimens increase gradually. Strip coal pillar sample destruction occurs gradually from edge to the interior. First macroscopic failure occurs at the edge of the middle upper portion of the specimen, and then develops towards the corner. Energy accumulation and release cause discontinuous damage in the heterogeneous coal-mass, and the lateral displacement of strip coal pillar shows step and mutation characters. The brittleness and burst tendency of strip coal pillar under hard surrounding rocks are more obvious, stress growth rate decreases, and the rapid growth acoustic emission (AE) signal period can be regarded as a precursor for instability in the strip coal pillar. The above results have certain theoretical value for understanding the failure law and long-term stability of strip coal pillars.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xiao Qu
1
Shaojie Chen
1
Dawei Yin
Shiqi Liu

  1. Hohai University, China
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Abstract

To improve the durability of the rollers of supporting and guiding devices as well as traction ropes of ropeway facilities based upon the analysis of their contact interaction. Theoretical studies of a mathematical model of contact interaction of mine ropeway components to determine regularities of the formation of dynamic efforts within the contact area and experimental studies of the plant under mine conditions. Based upon a mathematical model, contact stresses within the zone of contact of traction rope with guiding rollers and drive sheaves of mine ropeways under real operating conditions have been determined. The obtained results are validated experimentally under mine conditions. Innovative patent-protected design solutions have been proposed; the solutions make it possible to considerably increase the durability of the ropeway components.
It has been determined that methods of surface increase in the strengthening of a roller working surface do not have proper effect as the strengthened layer on a soft base cracks and delaminates due to high contact loads; maximum angle of rope bending on rollers of supporting devices (6º – in operation manual; 15º – in safety rules) recommended for GRW is overstated. It shouldn’t be more than 1.5º in terms of values of contact stresses for standard plants; development of prestressed compression state in the material of elastic lining of a drive friction sheave allows increasing considerably (by two times and more) its service life. Ropes with reduced diameters of external layer wires (Ukraine’s regulatory document – DST 2688) being used currently on mine ropeways do not meet the operating conditions and have a short period of service life due to their corrosive and fatigue breaking. To lengthen the service life of GRW traction ropes, it is required to change for the ropes with increased diameters of the external layer wires with preliminarily clamped strands.
(Ukraines regulatory documents: DST 3077, DST 3081, DST 7668, DST 7669 and TU 14-4-1070).
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Authors and Affiliations

Jamil Sami Haddad
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oleksandr Denyshchenko
2
ORCID: ORCID
Dmytro Kolosov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Stanislav Bartashevskyi
2
ORCID: ORCID
Valerii Rastsvietaiev
2
ORCID: ORCID
Oleksii Cherniaiev
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Al-Balqa Applied University, 1 Al-Balqa Applied University, Jordan
  2. Dnipro University of Technology, Ukraine
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Abstract

Strip backfilling mining technology is of great significance for eliminating coal gangue, improving coal recovery rate, harmonizing the development between resources and environment in diggings. This paper firstly analyzed the roof control mechanism, the deformation and failure mechanism and characteristics of the filling body through theoretical analysis. Then, through numerical simulation combined with the geological conditions on site, a gangue strip filling scheme was designed for the 61303 working face of the 13th layer of the rear group coal of the Wennan Coal Mine in Shandong Province, and the filling scheme of filling 50 m and leaving 25 m was determined. Finally, an on-site engineering test was carried out on the 61303 working face. Through the analysis of the measured data of “three quantities” after the filling test, it can be seen that the test has achieved a good engineering application effect and verified the rationality of the filling scheme design. It solves the coal gangue problem, improves the resource recovery rate, and provides a reference for other similar mines.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wenbin Xing
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wanpeng Huang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Fan Feng
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Shandong University of Science and Technology, China
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Abstract

According to the requirements of green mine construction and the coordinated development of environmental protection regulations, the existing filling technologies in China are compared and analysed. Several types of technologies are discussed, including the dry filling technology for gangue, grouting and filling for separated strata zones in overburden, grouting and filling technology for caving gangue fissures, paste and paste-like filling, high-water and ultra-high-water filling, and continuous mining and continuous filling. Then, the characteristics of these individual technologies are analysed. Through the analysis and comparison of these technologies, considering the requirements of green mine construction and coordinated development of environmental protection regulations, it was found that continuous mining and continuous filling technology is a feasible mean for constructing green mines and protecting the environment. In this study, the application of continuous mining and continuous filling technology in the Yuxing coal mine is introduced. Results show that surface subsidence was less than 80 mm, and the recovery rate of the working face reached 95%. This indicates that continuous mining and continuous filling technology can solve the problems of surface subsidence, environmental damage, and coal resource waste. Finally, the development prospects of continuous mining and continuous filling technology are proposed, providing theoretical and technical support for similar mining.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dongmei Huang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Daqian Xing
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Xikun Chang
1 3
ORCID: ORCID
Yingying Zhu
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Chunjing Gao
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Shandong University of Science and Technology, State Key Laborat ory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-Founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
  2. Shandong University of Science and Technology, College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Qingdao 266590, China
  3. Shandong University of Science and Technology, College of Energy and Mining Engineering, Qingdao 266590, China
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Abstract

In this study, a series of destructive and non-destructive tests were performed on sandstone samples subjected to wetting-drying cycles. A total of 25 Wet-Dry cycles were provided to investigate any significant change in the engineering properties of sandstones in terms of their porosity, permeability, water absorption, density, Q-factor, elastic modulus (E), and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). The overall reduction in the values of density, E, Q-factor, and UCS was noted as 3-4%, 42-71%, 34-62%, and 26-70% respectively. Whereas, the overall appreciation in the values of porosity, permeability, and water absorption was recorded as 24-50%, 31-64%, and 25-50% respectively. The bivariate analysis showed that the physical parameters had a strong relationship with one another and their Pearson’s correlation value (R) ranged from 0.87-0.99. In prediction modeling, Q-factor and E were regressed with the contemplated physical properties. The linear regression models did not provide satisfactory results due to their multicollinearity problem. Their VIF (variance inflation factor) value was found much greater than the threshold limit of 10. To overcome this problem, the cascade-forward neural network technique was used to develop significant prediction models. In the case of a neural network modeling, the goodness of fit between estimated and predicted values of the Q-factor (R2 = 0.86) and E (R2 = 0.91) was found much better than those calculated for the Q-factor (R2 = 0.30) and E (R2 = 0.36) in the regression analysis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hafiz Muhammad Awais Rashid
1
Muhammad Ghazzali
1
Umer Waqas
1
Adnan Anwar Malik
2
Muhammad Zubair Abubakar
3

  1. University of Engineering and Technology, Department of Geological Engineering, Lahore, Pakistan
  2. Saitama University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Japan
  3. University of Engineering and Technology, Dean Faculty of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Lahore, Pakistan
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Abstract

As one of the most important decision-making problems in fully mechanised mining, the corresponding mining technology pattern is the technical foundation of the working face. Characterised by complexity in a thin seam fully mechanised mining system, there are different kinds of patterns. In this paper, the classification strategy of the patterns in China is put forward. Moreover, the corresponding theoretical model using neural networks applied for patterns decision-making is designed. Based on the above, optimal selection of these patterns under given conditions is achieved. Lastly, the phased implementation plan for automatic mining pattern is designed. As a result of the industrial test, automatic mining for panel 22204 in Guoerzhuang Coal Mine is realised.
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Authors and Affiliations

Chen Wang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Yu Zhang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yong Liu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chengyu Jiang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mingqing Zhang
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Guizhou University, Mining College, Guiyang 550025, China
  2. Chongqing Energy Investment Group Science & Technology co., LTD, Chongqing 400060, China
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Abstract

The structure and load characteristics of the roadway are simplified, and the experimental model of the roadway deformation and damage under compression-shear load is established. The experimental data acquisition system is built with a CCD camera. The digital speckle correlation method is used to calculate the image data of the experimental model. The correspondence between the evolution law of the deformation field, the interlayer displacement and deformation evolution are analysed, including the dynamic characteristic of the roadway surrounding the rock. Research results indicate: (1) The damage peak load of the weak layer structure shows a decreasing trend as the interlayer shear stress increases. As the initially applied shear stress increases, the value of interlayer sliding displacement increases, and the dynamic characteristics become more apparent. (2) In the sub-instability phase of the loading curve, when the surrounding rock slides along the layers under compression-shear load, the stress is re-distributed and transmitted to the deep part of the surrounding rock. Then the surrounding rock of the roadway forms the characteristic of alternating change, between tension to compression. (3) According to the state of dynamic and static mechanics, the deformation evolution of the roadway before the peak load belongs to the static process. Zonal fracturing is part of the transition phase from the static process to the slow dynamic process, and the rockburst damage is a high-speed dynamic process. (4) Under the compression-shear load, due to the weak layer structure of the coal and rock mass, the local fracture, damage, instability and sliding of the surrounding rock of the roadway are the mechanical causes of rockburst. (5) Even if the coal and rock mass does not have the condition of impact tendency, under stress load of the horizontal direction, distribution of large shear stress is formed between layers, and the dynamic damage of the rockburst may occur.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yimin Song
1
He Ren
1
Hailiang Xu
1
Dong An
1

  1. North China University of Technology, School of Civil Engineering, China
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Abstract

UAV technology is being applied for DSM generation in open-pit mines with a well-established fact that the precision of such DSM is improved by increasing the number of Ground Control Points (GCPs). However, DSMs are updated frequently in an open-pit mine where the surface is excavated continuously. This imposes a challenge to arrange and maintain the GCPs in the field. Therefore, an optimal number of GCPs should be determined to obtain sufficiently accurate DSMs while maintaining safety, time, and cost-effectiveness in the project. This study investigates the influence of the numbers of GCPs and their network configuration in the Long Son quarry, Vietnam. The analysis involved DSMs generated from eight cases with a total of 18 GCPs and each having five network configurations. The inter-case and intra-case accuracy of DSMs is assessed based on RMSEXY, RMSEZ, and RMSEXYZ. The results show that for a small- or medium-sized open-pit mine having an area of approximately 36 hectares, five GCPs are sufficient to achieve an overall accuracy of less than 10 cm. It is further shown that the optimal choice of the number of GCPs for DSM generation in such a mining site is seven due to a significant improvement in accuracy (<3.5 cm) and a decrease in configuration dependency compared to the five GCPs.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nguyen Quoc Long
1
Ropesh Goyal
2
Luyen K. Bui
1
Cao Xuan Cuong
1
Le Van Canh
1
Nguyen Quang Minh
1
Xuan-Nam Bui
3

  1. Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Faculty of Geomatics and Land Administration,18 Vien street, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
  2. Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Department of Civil Engineering, Kanpur-208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
  3. Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, Faculty of Mining,18 Vien street, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
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Abstract

The transport pipeline of lifting the underwater minerals to the surface of the water onto the ship during the movement of the vessel takes in the water a curved deformed shape. Analysis of the state of stability of the pipeline showed that if the flow velocity of fluid in the pipeline exceeds a certain critical value Vkr, then its small random deviations from the equilibrium position may develop into deviations of large amplitude. The cause of instability is the presence of the centrifugal force of the moving fluid mass, which occurs in places of curvature of the axis of the pipeline and seeks to increase this curvature when the ends of the pipeline are fixed. When the critical flow velocity is reached, the internal force factors become unable to compensate for the action of centrifugal force, as a result of that a loss of stability occurs. Equations describing this dynamic state of the pipeline are presented in the article.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Sobota
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xia Jianxin
2
ORCID: ORCID
Evgeniy Kirichenko
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Wrocław University of E nvironmental and Life Sciences, Poland
  2. Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
  3. Mining University, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
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Abstract

This paper focused on a study concerned with the motion of platforms at loading stations during truck changing in Trucklift slope hoisting system built in Jaeryong open-pit iron mine, DPR of Korea. The motion of platform in Trucklift slope hoisting system produces undesirable effect on truck changing. To analyze the motion of platform during truck changing, we built the dynamic model in ADAMS environment and control system in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results indicate that the normal truck changing can be realized without arresters at loading stations by a reasonable structural design of platforms and loading stations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tok Hyong Han
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kwang Hyok Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Un Chol Han
2
ORCID: ORCID
Kwang Myong Li
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Kim Chaek University of Technology, Faculty of Mining Engineering, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
  2. Kim Chaek University of Technology, School of Science and Engineering, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
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Abstract

In deep mines, since the broken surrounding rocks & high-stress level of a roadway being near a coal seam, the creep characteristics of surrounding rocks should be considered as the main influencing factor in the selection for the roadway’s location of the lower coal seam. Both VI15 and VI16-17 coal seams of the Pingdingshan No. 4 Coal Mine, in China, Henan province, are close coal seams with a depth of around 900 m. According to the traditional formula calculation results, when the lower coal seam roadway is staggered 10 m to the upper coal seam goaf, the roadway pressure behaviour is significant, and the support becomes difficult. In this paper, the properties of surrounding rock were tested and the influence of lower coal seam on the stress state of surrounding rock is analysed by numerical simulation, and systematic analysis on the stress and creep characteristics of the surrounding rock of the mining roadway and its effects on the deformation is performed. The results demonstrated that the roadway’s locations in the lower coal seam can be initially divided into three zones: the zone with accelerated creep, the transition creep zone and the insignificant creep zone. The authors believed that the roadway layout in an insignificant creep zone can achieve a better supporting effect. Based on the geological conditions of the roadway 23070 of the VI16-17 coal seam of the Pingdingshan No. 4 Coal Mine, combined with the above analysis, a reasonable location of roadway (internal offset of 30 m) was determined using numerical simulation method. The reliability of the research results is verified by field measurement. The above results can provide a reference for selecting the roadway’s location under similar conditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xufeng Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jiyao Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xuyang Chen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zechao Chen
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Mine Earthquake Monitoring and Prevention, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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Abstract

The article presents a numerical model of a U-ventilated longwall, taking into account detailed elements such as arch yielding support, roof supports and shearer. What distinguishes it from previous models is the mapping of adjacent goafs. This model considers the current state of knowledge regarding spatial height distribution, porosity and permeability of goafs. Airflow calculations were carried out using the selected turbulence models to select appropriate numerical methods for the model. Obtained results show possibilities of conducting extensive numerical calculations for the flow problems in the mine environment, taking into account more complex descriptions and the interpretation of the calculation results carried out with simpler models.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Janus
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Strata Mechanics Research Institute, 27 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

Cumulative blasts are an important controlled blasting method used to control the propagation of cracks in the predetermined direction. However, traditional cumulative blasts are associated with long processing times and poor blasting effects. A simple blasting technology called bilateral cumulative tensile explosion (BCTE) is proposed in this paper. There are two application types where BCTE is used. The first application is used to control the stability of high-stress roadways in both Wangzhuang mine 6208 tailgate and Hongqinghe mine 3-1103 tailgate. The second application is used to replace the backfill body in gob-side entry retaining (GER) in Chengjiao mine 21404 panel, Jinfeng mine 011810 panel and Zhongxing mine 1200 panel. The first application type reveals that BCTE can significantly reduce the deformation of the surrounding rock and reduce the associated maintenance cost of the roadways. Whereas the second application type, the roadway deformations are smaller, the process is simpler, and the production costs are lower, which further promotes GER and is of significance towards conserving resources.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jun Yang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Binhui Liu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wenhui Bian
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kuikui Chen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hongyu Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chen Cao
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. China University of Mining and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, Beijing 100083, China
  2. University of Wollongong, Mining & Environment Engineering, School of Civil, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Abstract

Recent works aimed to investigate geotechnical properties of Transitional Group A-2-7 (TGA-2-7) soil affected by the use of hydrated lime and fly ash class F, by-products from quarries and a cement factory in Jordan, to compensate for the gap in the granular distribution. Host soil was exposed to various proportions of fly ash and lime powder. The blended specimens were subjected to different tests related to index properties, including Atterberg limits, compaction properties and California bearing ratio. The results demonstrate that 2% fly ash led to a reduction in the plasticity index from 19% to 10%, while lime powder reduced it from 19% to 13%. A sufficient improvement of maximum dry density was observed at 20% lime addition and increased from 15.11 kN/m3 to 16.29 kN/m3. California bearing ratio that measures the strength soil linearly increased up to 10% induced by 20% lime addition.
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Authors and Affiliations

Omar Asad Ahmad
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Amman Arab University, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, P.O Box. 2234, Amman 11953, Jordan

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