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Abstract

The article presents a methodology for analysing historical gas production data and determining the gas reserves and the petrophysical parameters of a reservoir-aquifer system. These parameters are obtained from a fitting algorithm using production data sets. A forecast of the future field gas production can be created on the calibrated mathematical model basis. The developed method is based on the material balance assumptions and the widely used Fetkovich and van Everdingen-Hurst equations for calculating water influx. To conduct the calculations and analyse production data, the computer application was developed using Python programming language. A user-friendly graphical interface makes the proposed application convenient and intuitive to use. The software was calibrated based on the literature data from the gas field of known parameters and then validated using five case studies of the actual gas fields in the Polish Carpathian Foredeep. From the tests, very high compatibility between the computed and the real field values were obtained. An additional comparison with the commercial program MatBal confirmed the proper functioning of the application.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Żygas
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Blicharski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Czesław Rybicki
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The paper presents the author’s approach to evaluating the dynamic resistance of existing building structures exposed to the action of paraseismic events. The idea of the approach was demonstrated in the example of an existing conveyor bridge, which is an important component of an industrial plant located in an area threatened by the occurrence of mining tremors. A scenario was analysed in which the object’s structure was not adapted to absorb additional dynamic effects. Therefore, it was necessary to determine the load-bearing capacity reserve within which the dynamic effects induced by a mining tremor could be allowed. As part of the analysis, criteria for selecting the authoritative section of the analysed object for further dynamic calculations were established and described in detail. As a result of the implemented evaluation procedure, the limiting values of the ground acceleration components were obtained, which are understood as the resistance of the analysed object in the context of carrying additional dynamic actions induced by a tremor. The determined resistance is included in the ultimate limit state STR framework, which sets the level of strength of particular structures’ components as a criterion. The limit values of the ground acceleration components were calibrated, taking into account other accompanying variable actions according to the Eurocodes guidelines. The study also justified using this approach and provides essential information about dynamic excitation’s most sensitive structural components. Such information can direct the process of retrofit or necessary strengthening of the structure when the evaluated resistance will exceed the intensity of existing or predicted seismic events in the area.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Rusek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Leszek Słowik
2
ORCID: ORCID
Dagmara Rataj
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, Department of Engineering Surveying and Civil Engineering, Al. Mickiewicza30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  2. Building Research Institute, 1 Filtrowa Str., 00-611 Warszawa, Poland
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Abstract

Iron ore blending in an open-pit mine is an important means to ensure ore grade balance and resource recycling in iron mine industrial production. With the comprehensive recovery and utilisation of resource mining, the multi-source and multi-target ore blending method has become one of the focuses of the mining industry. Scientific and reasonable ore blending can effectively reduce the transportation cost of the enterprise. It can also ensure that the ore grade, washability index and iron carbonate content meet the requirements of the concentrator and significantly improve the comprehensive utilisation rate and economic benefits of the ore. An ore blending method for open-pit iron ore is proposed in this paper. The blending method is realised by establishing the ore blending model. This model aims to achieve maximum ore output and the shortest transportation distance, ore washability index, total iron grade, ferrous iron grade and iron carbonate content after the ore blending meets the requirements. This method can meet the situation of a single mine to a single concentrator and that of a single mine to multiple concentrators. According to the results of ore blending, we can know the bottleneck of current production. Through targeted optimisation management, we can tap the production potential of an open-pit mine.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jiang Yao
1
Chunhui Liu
2
Guichen Huang
2
Kai Xu
2
Qingbo Yuan
2

  1. Northeastern University, College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Shenyang, Liaoning 110819, China
  2. Ansteel Group GUANBAOSHAN Mining Co., Ltd, Anshan, Liaoning 114000, China
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of the research aimed at improving the accuracy of predictions regarding the maximum values of resultant components for horizontal ground vibration accelerations in areas threatened by induced seismicity. The presented solution proposes a spatial model of the ground vibration attenuation relationship based on the assumptions of the Joyner-Boore model. When performing statistical analyses to verify the models, great emphasis was placed on the correctness of applied estimation methods to meet the assumptions. The starting point for introducing spatiality into the models was the occurrence of spatial autocorrelation of the residual component when estimating the structural parameters of a model with the least-squares method. Spatial interactions were presented using weight matrices, the construction of which was based on the inverse of the distance between units. During the study, it was found that the estimated spatial model of the ground vibration attenuation relationship showed a much better match with empirical data compared to the classical Joyner-Boore attenuation model.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Bańka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Szuła
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. The Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation
  2. Polska Grupa Górnicza S.A.
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Abstract

The historical datasets at operating mine sites are usually large. Directly applying large datasets to build prediction models may lead to inaccurate results. To overcome the real-world challenges, this study aimed to handle these large datasets using Gaussian mixture modelling (GMM) for developing a novel and accurate prediction model of truck productivity. A large dataset of truck haulage collected at operating mine sites was clustered by GMM into three latent classes before the prediction model was built. The labels of these latent classes generated a latent variable. Two multiple linear regression (MLR) models were then constructed, including the ordinary-MLR (O-MLR) and the hybrid GMM-MLR models. The GMM-MLR model incorporated the observed input variables and a latent variable in the form of interaction terms. The O-MLR model was the baseline model and did not involve the latent variable. The GMM-MLR model performed considerably better than the O-MLR model in predicting truck productivity. The interaction terms quantitatively measured the differences in how the observed input variables affected truck productivity in three classes (high, medium, and low truck productivity). The haul distance was the most crucial input variable in the GMM-MLR model. This study provides new insights into handling massive amounts of data in truck haulage datasets and a more accurate prediction model for truck productivity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Chengkai Fan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Na Zhang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Bei Jiang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Wei Victor Liu
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Alberta , Edmonton, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
  2. University of Alberta , Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G1, Canada
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Abstract

Taking the sand-inrushing accident of the Selian No. 1 coal mine in the Ordos of inner Mongolia as the research background, four main factors of sand-inrushing, including sand source, channel, sand-breaking power, and flowing space, were analysed. The disaster formation process (SCPS) illustrated that sand-inrushing disasters in shallowly buried coal seams with soft surrounding rock have the characteristics of being significantly influenced by mining, the development of vertical overburden channels, and sufficient space for water-sand mixed particles to flow. Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) software has been used to reveal that the vertical cracks in the overburden between the coal wall and support undergo a process of development and expansion along with the cumulative stress of mining. This showed that the vertical fissure through the overburden is the main pathway for the disaster. Combined with the site conditions, disaster occurrence mechanism, and numerical simulation results, a comprehensive prevention and control technology based on the working face and roadway grouting to block the channel was proposed. It contains reasonable mining height and optimisation of advancing speed, so that safe and efficient mining of coal seams in shallow-buried soft surrounding rocks could be achieved.
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Authors and Affiliations

Fangtian Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dongliang Shao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Cun Zhang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Chenkai Zhang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ziyu Song
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. China University of Mining and Technology, China
  2. China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, China
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Abstract

Given that a source is located underground and detected by sounds that cannot be completely known or predicted, every stage of the operation from grade changes to product sales exhibits uncertainties. Parameters and constraints used in mining optimizations (sales price, costs, efficiency, etc.) comprise uncertainties. In this research, chrome open-pit resource optimization activities were performed in the province of Adana, Turkey. Metallurgical recovery, which is considered a constant as an optimization parameter in mining software, has been optimized as a variable based on fixed and variable values related to the waste material grade of processing. Based on scenario number 7, which yields the highest net present value in both optimizations, this difference corresponds with an additional $1.4 million, i.e., 7% minimum. When the number of products sold were compared, a difference of 25,977 tons of concentrate production was noted (Optimization II produces less than Optimization I). In summary, concentrated efficiency and economic findings show that using variable metallurgical recovery parameters in NPV estimation improves optimization success by reducing the level of uncertainty.
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Authors and Affiliations

Furkan K. Kasa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ahmet Dağ
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Çukurova University, Department of Mining Engineering, Adana, Turkey
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Abstract

With the increase of coal mining depth, the gas content in coal seams could also become larger and larger, which could suddenly cause an inrush of gas into the longwall mining face. It is very dangerous for miners’ safety in the underground. The U-shaped ventilation pattern of longwall mining face that underground coal mines currently use is not enough to deliver sufficient air quantities to dilute gases in mining faces, which could result in the gas concentration over the required celling limit by government laws. Thus, the mine must stop production. In this paper, the high level roadway (HLR) is designed and the U + HLR new ventilation pattern is proposed to control gas emission in a longwall mining face. Using computational fluid dynamics simulation (CFD) software, the flow field and gas transportation in the mine gob are studied. The optimized ventilation parameters are summarized. It is found that the best vertical distance of the HLR is 35 m over the coal seam and the horizontal distance is 25 m from the air return roadway. It is recommended that the negative suction pressure design of the high level roadway should be ranged from 9000 Pa to 10000 Pa. Based on the study outcomes, the gas emission could be well controlled in mining faces and avoid any gas disaster accidents.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yongzhen Ma
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jianwei Cheng
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rui Zhang
1
Zui Wang
1
Dezhi Ran
1
Shuping Sheng
1
Jufeng Zhang
2
Junhong Si
3
Zhaoyang Yu
4

  1. China University of Mining and Technology, China
  2. Longdong University, China
  3. North China Institute of Science and Technology, China
  4. Guizhou University, China
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of works related to the analysis of microclimate hazards in the Crystal Caves of the Wieliczka Salt Mine. The paper focused on the development of a device for monitoring, testing and preliminary measurements of the gravimetric water content of rock in the Crystal Caves. The multisensory measurement system equipped with capacitive soil moisture sensors has been developed, calibrated and optimised. The system was used for monitoring moisture content in the sidewall and thill of the Crystal Caves.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Jamróz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Socha
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Strata Mechanics Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, 27 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The occurrence of faults in coal seams has an impact on the possibility of methane hazard. There are several methods for identifying tectonic faults, but they cannot be applied directly to solve dynamic hazard problems in coal mine. Thus, searching for appropriate methods, that can detect faults in regional and local scales is needed. In order to meet this need, the paper proposes a new measurement method of estimating changes to the coal structure, based on profilometry measurements (roughness analysis) and application of madogram functions. Based on examining coal samples from near fault zones it was shown that the proposed approach allows us to detect changes of the coal surface that appear as the distance to a tectonic fault gets shorter. The proposed method, due to its simplicity and speed of measurement, implies a potential for practical application in the process of detecting local tectonic dislocations in coal mines.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mariusz Młynarczuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marta Skiba
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Abstract

The caving effect of the top coal caving is crucial for efficient mining. Using the Yushuling coal mine, Xinjiang province, China, as a case study, the coal and rock physical and mechanical parameters, such as the compressive, tensile, and shear strength values and hardness of the top coal and roof rock, were determined. The analysis of the effect of different factors on the blasting presplitting process was numerically simulated, and the optimal parameters of blast drilling were identified. Three presplit boreholes were implemented: in the workface, the workface’s advance area, and the two roadway roofs in the workface’s advance area. The optimal blasting drilling parameters and charge structure were designed. The field test results in the mine under study indicated that the top coal recovery rate of the 110501 fully mechanised top coal caving face was improved twice (from 40 to more than 80%), and an effective blasting presplitting was achieved. The proposed blasting presplitting method has an important guiding significance for fully mechanised top coal caving mining in Xinjiang and similar mining areas.
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Authors and Affiliations

Qiang Sun
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chengfang Shan
2
ORCID: ORCID
Zhongya Wu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yunbo Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. China University of Mining and Technology, China
  2. Kuqa Yushuling Coal Mine Co., Ltd, Kuqa, Aksu, China
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Abstract

It has been acknowledged that two important rock aggregate properties are the Los Angeles abrasion value (LAAV) and magnesium sulphate soundness (M wl). However, the determination of these properties is relatively challenging due to special sampling requirements and tedious testing procedures. In this study, detailed laboratory studies were carried out to predict the LAAV and M wl for 25 different rock types located in NW Turkey. For this purpose, mineralogical, physical, mechanical, and aggregate properties were determined for each rock type. Strong predictive models were established based on gene expression programming (GEP) and artificial neural network (ANN) methodologies. The performance of the proposed models was evaluated using several statistical indicators, and the statistical analysis results demonstrated that the ANN-based proposed models with the correlation of determination (R2) value greater than 0.98 outperformed the other predictive models established in this study. Hence, the ANN-based predictive models can reliably be used to predict the LAAV and M wl for the investigated rock types. In addition, the suitability of the investigated rock types for use in bituminous paving mixtures was also evaluated based on the ASTM D692/D692M standard. Accordingly, most of the investigated rock types can be used in bituminous paving mixtures. In conclusion, it can be claimed that the proposed predictive models with their explicit mathematical formulations are believed to save time and provide practical knowledge for evaluating the suitability of the rock aggregates in pavement engineering design studies in NW Turkey.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ekin Köken
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Abdullah Gul University, Nanotechnology Engineering Department, 38100, Kayseri – Turkey
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Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the formation of the WF coefficient in coal excavations. The WF coefficient determines the share of the wet surface of the excavation sidewall. The wet part of the excavation sidewall is covered partly by the water film, which evaporates, lowering the temperature of this surface. This coefficient is one of the principal parameters used in forecasting the changes in temperature and humidity of the mine air occurring on the way of contact between the excavation sidewall and the flowing air. During the determination of the coefficient value, the criterion of equality of the actual and forecasted ratios of sensible heat to total heat was assumed in the research methodology. Values of the WF coefficient in the examined excavations generally vary within the range of 0,1-0,6, and they are mostly dependent on the parameters related to the period of ventilation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Smołka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Central Mining Institute, Plac Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

Slope Stability Analysis is one of the main aspects of Open-pit mine planning because the calculations regarding the stability of slopes are necessary to assess the stability of the open pit slopes together with the financial feasibility of the mining operations. This study was conducted to analyse the effect of groundwater on the shear strength properties of soft rock formations and determine the optimum overall slope angle for an open pit coal mine at Thar Coalfield, Pakistan. Computer modelling and analysis of the slope models were performed using Slide (v. 5.0) and Phase2 (v. 6.0) software. Integrated use of Limit Equilibrium based Probabilistic (LE-P) analysis and Finite Element Method (FEM) based shear strength reduction analysis was performed to determine the safe overall slope angle against circular failure. Several pit slope models were developed at different overall slope angles and pore-water pressure ratio (Ru) coefficients. Each model was initially analysed under dry conditions and then by incorporating the effect of pore-water pressure coefficients of Ru = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 (partially saturated); finally, the strata were considered to be fully saturated. It was concluded that at an overall slope angle of 29 degrees, the overall slope will remain stable under dry and saturated conditions for a critical safety factor of 1.3.
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Authors and Affiliations

Shafi Muhammad Pathan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abdul Ghani Pathan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Fahad Irfan Siddiqui
1
ORCID: ORCID
Muhammad Burhan Memon
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mairaj Hyder Alias Aamir Soomro
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Department of Mining Engineering, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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Abstract

In this study, the noise sources to which a coal miner, who works at the Kurul panel of Kilimli Colliery, Zonguldak, was exposed were investigated. These sources were positioned at different points from the surface to the workface. Noise levels were measured according to the working periods of the coal miners around the machines. The results were evaluated under the Turkish Noise Regulation. The critical exposure times in which the coal miners could work without the use of personal protective equipment were examined according to the noise values to which they were exposed. In addition, the personal noise exposure values of the machine operators (boring machine, electro-hydraulic drill, and pick hammer) were determined during the development works. Two different types of noise measurements, with a microphone at the ear level and inside the ear protector, were conducted. The results obtained when the microphone of the personal dosimeter was at ear level, were found to be 15 dBA higher than those when the microphone was inside the ear protector. As a result, the selection methods of ear protectors were analyzed. Recommendations were given for those working on the risky tasks at the panel.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ilknur Erol
1
ORCID: ORCID
Okan Su
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Çukurova University, Dept. of Mining Engineering, Adana, Türkiye
  2. Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Dept. of Mining and Mineral Extraction, Zonguldak, Türkiye
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Abstract

The analysis of natural hazards, including gas-geodynamic phenomena, requires study of the basic physical processes that take place at each stage of an event. This paper focuses on analysing the transport of fragmented rock material during rock and gas outbursts. Our theoretical considerations and experiments have allowed us to specify and verify the significant forces acting on fragmented rock during its transport, thus determining the speed of grains of each grain class in the stream of expanding gas. The above study may serve as a preface to a wide-ranging quantitative and qualitative energy analysis of the movement of material ejected during Gas-geodynamic phenomena.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Kozieł
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jakub Janus
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Strata Mechanics Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Science, 27 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

In longwall coal exploitation, problems with the proper functioning of the powered shield support often occur. In many cases, it results from the insufficient load-bearing capacity of the ground (floor) and the inability to achieve the set or yield pressure of the shield support. The improper functioning of the shield support may also result from its construction and the lack of optimisation to work effectively on a weak mine floor. This paper presents an attempt to optimise the operating conditions of the base of two-legged shield support based on the field observations and results of the PFC3D numerical calculation. In the framework of the numerical calculations, the impact of the width of the base and the location of the hydraulic legs on the working conditions of shield support on a weak floor were analysed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sylwester Rajwa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sven Bock
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Central Mining Institute (GIG), 1 Gwarków Sq., 40-166 Katowice, Poland
  2. DMT GmbH, Germany
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Abstract

In the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (Poland), numerous former workings have been left unprotected after the liquidation of mines in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The workings have been located at low depths. The paper presents the results of strength tests of wood samples acquired from linings in former workings, and the obtained results have been compared to the results achieved in tests of samples of wood intended to be used in a reconstruction of a historic gallery. The tests consisted in determining the bending strength of wood in compliance with the applicable Polish standard. The results showed that the wood from historic mines was characterised by high variability of bending strength – usually much lower than that of the wood intended for construction. Too low bending strength of timber may result in caving in shallow excavation and lead to sinkhole creation on the surface.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Strzałkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Grzegorz Dyduch
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Silesian University, Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation, 2 Akademicka Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

The article assesses the production capacity of the Polish Power System, taking into account the military operations in Ukraine and the related resource crisis. An analysis was made of how the war in Ukraine will affect the validity of Poland’s energy policy adopted a year ago. The sensitivity of the Polish Energy System to the import of energy resources from Russia was assessed as well as the possibilities of filling the gap caused by the lack of these raw materials were described and measures were proposed. It shows how electricity prices in the EU countries developed in the last year and what the energy mix of these countries looked like. Alternative scenarios for the transformation of the domestic system were discussed, including the coal – renewable energy – nuclear energy scenario, with the minimization of gas as a fuel of the transition period.
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Authors and Affiliations

Antoni Tajduś
1
ORCID: ORCID
Stanisław Tokarski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Science and Technology (AGH), Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
  2. Central Mining Institute, 1 Gwarków Sq., 40-166 Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

The article presents the results of laboratory tests determining the concentration of rare earth elements (REE) in coal-burning wastes to assess their economic usefulness. The content of valuable elements was determined by the technique of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the material collected from three regions of southern Poland. A mixture of waste (including fly ash, furnace slag) from heat and power plants using coal for thermal transformation processes was an object for testing. Part of the research project was to identify a share of the rare elements in the collected samples with a selected grain class of <0.045 mm.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Rafał Karol Baron
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Matusiak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Daniel Kowol
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Talarek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. ITG KOMAG, 37 Pszczyńska Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

BacBinh is a sand dune area located in the southern part of central Vietnam. This area is confronted with a lack of water supply. The project aims to investigate the site for artificial recharge (AR) and the management of aquifer recharge (MAR) in the sand dune area. The geological setting of the area is characterised by ryo-dacitic bedrock, which forms steep isolated hills (up to 300 m a.s.l.) overlain by a Pleistocene-Holocene marine sand dunes plateau (up to 200 m a. s. l.). This is represented by prevailing white fine sand (Pleistocene) and prevailing red sand (Holocene), which occurs extensively in the coastal area. The hydrological and geological conditions are investigated by collecting all existing data of aerial and satellite photos, rainfall statistics, morphological/geological/ and hydrogeological maps for acquisition and interpretation. The field geophysical surveys are carried out for the location of groundwater aquifers to site selection, monitoring and operation of groundwater recharge. Hydrochemical and isotopic characterisation of surface water and groundwater in different periods showed that the sand dunes aquifers, with electrical conductivity ranging from 100 to 400 μS/cm, are composed of different water types, characterised by complex mixing processes. The site chosen for the artificial recharge, where 162 days of pumping tests have been carried out, proved that the use of the bank filtration technique has considerably improved the quality of water, which was originally highly contaminated by E-coli bacteria. The well field developed within the present project is now capable of supplying 220 m3/day of good water quality to the HongPhong community, BacBinh district, which were recurrently affected by severe droughts.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Nguyen Van Giang
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. BinhDuong University, Faculty of Architecture and Construction, 504 Binhduong Ave., Thu-Dau Mot city, BinhDuong province
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Abstract

There are many problems associated with the surrounding rocks of the gob-side entry retaining by roof cutting (GERRC) as they are difficult to stabilise in deep mines. The following needs to be studied to understand the problems such as the pressure relief mechanism, evolution law of the surrounding-rock stress and the key technologies of GERRC in deep mines. Cracks are formed by advanced directional blasting to sever the path of stress transmission from the roof of the goaf to the roof of the entry and reduce the lateral cantilever length of the roof. Therefore the surrounding-rock stress and roof structure are optimised. The broken and expanded gangue formed by the collapse of the strata in the range of roof cutting fills the mining space adequately, which avoids a rapid pressure increase caused by the roof breaking impact and slows down the movement of overlying strata. The deformation of the deep surrounding rocks is transformed from “abrupt” to “slow”, and the surrounding-rock deformation of the retained entry in deep mines is significantly reduced. The average pressure and periodic pressure of the supports near the blasting line can be reduced by the blasting cracks to a certain extent, mainly due to the reduction of the length of the immediate roof cantilever and the effective load of the main roof. The combined support technologies for GERRC in deep mines were proposed, and field tests were performed. The monitoring results show that the coordinated control system can effectively control the deformation of deep rock masses, and all indexes can meet the requirements of the next working face after the retained entry is stabilised.
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Authors and Affiliations

Shangyuan Chen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Qian Lv
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yue Yuan
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
  2. Work Safety Key Lab on Prevention and Control of Gas and Roof Disasters for Southern Coal Mines, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan Hunan 411201, China
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Abstract

In 2017, the Central Mining Institute (GIG), Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa SA (JSW SA), the largest producer of coking coal in Europe, and JOY KOMATSU, the producer of mining machinery, signed a consortium. The project’s main goal was to reduce the costs of driving mine workings by reintroducing the rock bolt support. The works began in November 2019, and for the first time in the history of Polish coal mining, a Bolter Miner machine was used for the purpose. The paper presents the results of measuring the axial forces in rock bolts at the measurement base and their analysis with numerical modelling.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Masny
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Nita
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jerzy Ficek
3

  1. Central Mining Institute, 1 Gwarków Sq., 40-166 Katowice, Poland
  2. Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa SA, KWK „Budryk”, Poland
  3. „Geofic“ Scientific and Technical Office, Poland
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Abstract

Mercury is ranked third on the Substance Priority List, an index of substances determined to pose the most significant potential threat to human health compiled by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. This element is activated with the extraction of hard coal and accumulated in the natural environment or re-emitted from the waste deposited on dumping grounds. So far, studies on mercury content have focused on the analysis of the dumps surface and the adjacent areas. In this paper, the detection of mercury content inside mining waste dumping grounds was analysed. The recognition of mercury content in the profile of the mining waste dump is important in terms of the dismantling of the facility. The dismantling may pose a risk of environmental pollution with mercury due to the possibility of increased fire risk, re-emission, and the transfer of xenobiotics to another place. In this paper, the study of mercury content in the mining waste dump profile was presented. The research demonstrated that there is no significant relationship between the mercury content and the sampling depth. The mercury content in the mining waste was determined based on the rank and origin of hard coal only. Therefore, intensive efforts should be undertaken to identify the environmental hazards arising from the dismantling of mining waste dumps and to adopt measures to prevent these hazards.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Michalska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Smoliński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Aleksandra Koteras
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Central Mining Institute (GIG), 1 Gwarków Sq., 40-166 Katowice, Poland

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