The global demand for energy continues to grow while non-renewable energy resources are rapidly running out and their exploitation is damaging the environment and Earth's climate. As such, there has been growing interest in scientific circles and among the public in reducing our reliance on fossil fuels and gradually replacing them with renewable sources such as biofuels.
The shift from traditional to contemporary medicine in the early 19th century was as fundamental as it was rapid. This revolution was driven by the development of new, effective methods of fighting infections, with the French scholar Louis Pasteur leading the way.
Metamorphic processes - one of the key geological parameters responsible for shaping our planet - can be classified into varying types, each of them delimited by its own set of boundary conditions.
What is migration: an acute social problem, an anomaly that upsets the world's natural order and should be eliminated? Or maybe a natural and welcome phenomenon that has been present throughout the history of mankind? What significance does it have for such countries as Poland?
The ways the Romani have been depicted in European literature are projections of various fears, phobias, and prejudices against strangers, while at the same time expressing yearnings for the idealistic side of life - freedom, happiness, and disregard for borders.
Alongside numerous archaeological discoveries, the 18th century brought an upsurge of interest in the age of Antiquity across Europe. Young Polish nobles embarked on Grand Tours "to gather knowledge and experience;' the more adventurous ones blazing previously unfamiliar trails.
What we say often conveys far more than just literal meaning of the words said. One of the riddles of communication, therefore, is how we actually work out what a speaker meant.
The ability to deceive others has appeared relatively recently in the evolutionary process. Deceptive behavior is a skill possessed by sophisticated animals, and it developed independently in several different species.
Time perception is a key function of the human mind. Its disruption can lead to difficulties in many areas of our cognition, including language communication. Our research has managed to repair damaged "neural clocks" in people who have difficulties in language communication.
Machine linguistic tools are now so widespread that we barely notice them. But we don't like to conform to their whims - rather, we want them to adapt to us, to start to understand what we say or write, be it in English, Polish, or otherwise. This requires effective text analysis methods, and digital tools are becoming increasingly sophisticated in response.
Discs: these round, flattened objects have been widely associated with athletics competitions since the Antiquity. Thrown correctly, they spin through the air, and the low friction around them means they can travel a long way. But that's not why discs are important in contemporary astrophysics - here we are interested in the energy they give off.