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The microcrinoid taxonomy, biostratigraphy and correlation of the upper Fredericksburg and lower Washita groups (Cretaceous, middle Albian to lower Cenomanian) of northern Texas and southern Oklahoma, USA

Andrew Scott Gale Jenny Marie Rashall William James Kennedy Frank Koch Holterhoff
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 1 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.132256
Keywords Roveacrinida Integrated biostratigraphy Ammonites Planktonic foraminifera
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Abstract

The stratigraphy of the upper Fredericksburg and lower Washita groups of northern Texas and southern Oklahoma is described, and biostratigraphical correlation within the region, and further afield, using micro­ crinoids, ammonites, planktonic foraminiferans and inoceramid bivalves is summarised. The taxonomy of the roveacrind microcrinoids is revised by the senior author, and a new genus, Peckicrinus, is described, with the type species Poecilocrinus porcatus (Peck, 1943). New species include Roveacrinus proteus sp. nov., R. morganae sp. nov., Plotocrinus reidi sp. nov., Pl. molineuxae sp. nov., Pl. rashallae sp. nov. and Styracocrinus thomasae sp. nov. New formae of the genus Poecilocrinus Peck, 1943 are Po. dispandus forma floriformis nov. and Po. dispandus forma discus nov. New formae of the genus Euglyphocrinus Gale, 2019 are E. pyramidalis (Peck, 1943) forma pyramidalis nov., E. pyramidalis forma radix nov. and E. pyramidalis forma pentaspinus nov. The genera Plotocrinus Peck, 1943, Poecilocrinus and Roveacrinus Douglas, 1908 form a branching phylogenetic lineage extending from the middle Albian into the lower Cenomanian, showing rapid speciation, upon which a new roveacrinid zonation for the middle and upper Albian (zones AlR1–12) is largely based. Outside Texas and Oklahoma, zone AlR1 is recorded from the lower middle Albian of Aube (southeastern France) and zones AlR11–CeR2 from the Agadir Basin in Morocco and central Tunisia. It is likely that the zonation will be widely applicable to the middle and upper Albian and lower Cenomanian successions of many other regions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrew Scott Gale
1 2
Jenny Marie Rashall
3
William James Kennedy
4 5
Frank Koch Holterhoff
6
  1. School of the Environment, Geography and Geological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO13QL UK
  2. Earth Science Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW75BD, UK
  3. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas at Arlington, 76019 USA
  4. Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford, OX13PW
  5. Department of Earth Sciences, South Parks Road, OX13AN UK
  6. 1233 Settlers Way, Lewisville, TX 75067 USA

Redox conditions, glacio-eustasy, and the status of the Cenomanian–Turonian Anoxic Event: new evidence from the Upper Cretaceous Chalk of England

Christophers V. Jeans David S. Wray C. Terry Williams David J. Bland Christopher J. Wood
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 2 | 103-152 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.134556
Keywords Cretaceous Cenomanian–Turonian Anoxic Event Eustatic lithocycles Glacial associations Redox conditions Cerium anomalies Carbon isotopes NW Europe Japan
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Abstract

The nature of the Cenomanian–Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event (CTOAE) and its δ13 C Excursion is considered in the light of (1) the stratigraphical framework in which the CTOAE developed in the European shelf seas, (2) conclusions that can be drawn from new detailed investigations of the Chalk succession at three locations in England, at Melton Ross and Flixton in the Northern Province where organic-rich ‘black bands’ are present, and at Dover in the Southern Province (part of the Anglo-Paris Basin) where they are absent, and (3) how these conclusion fit in with the present understanding of the CTOAE. The application of the cerium anomaly method (German and Elderfield 1990) at Dover, Melton Ross and Flixton has allowed the varying palaeoredox conditions in the Chalk Sea and its sediments to be related to the acid insoluble residues, organic carbon, δ18O (calcite), δ13C (calcite), δ13C (organic matter), Fe 2+ and Mn2+ (calcite), and P/TiO2 (acid insoluble residue). This has provided evidence that the initial stages of the δ13C Excursion in England were related to (1) a drop of sea level estimated at between 45 and 85 metres, (2) influxes of terrestrial silicate and organic detritus from adjacent continental sources and the reworking of exposed marine sediments, and (3) the presence of three cold water phases (named the Wood, Jefferies and Black) associated with the appearance of the cold-water pulse fauna during the Plenus Cold Event. Conditions in the water column and in the chalk sediment were different in the two areas. In the Northern Province, cerium-enriched waters and anoxic conditions were widespread; the δ13C pattern reflects the interplay between the development of anoxia in the water column and the preservation of terrestrial and marine organic matter in the black bands; here the CTOAE was short-lived (~0.25 Ma) lasting only the length of the Upper Cenomanian Metoicoceras geslinianum Zone. In the Southern Province, water conditions were oxic and the δ13C Excursion lasted to the top of the Lower Turonian Watinoceras devonense Zone, much longer (~1.05 Ma) than in the Northern Province. These differences are discussed with respect to (1) the Cenomanian–Turonian Anoxic Event (CTAE) hypothesis when the ocean-continent-atmosphere systems were linked, (2) limitations of chemostratigraphic global correlation, and (3) the Cenomanian–Turonian Anoxic Event Recovery (CTOAER), a new term to define the varying lengths of time it took different oceans and seas to recover once the linked ocean-continent-atmosphere system was over. The possibility is considered that glacio- eustasy (the glacial control hypothesis of Jeans et al. 1991) with the waxing and waning of polar ice sheets, in association with the degassing of large igneous provinces, may have set the scene for the development of the Cenomanian–Turonian Anoxic Event (CTAE).
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Authors and Affiliations

Christophers V. Jeans
1
David S. Wray
2
C. Terry Williams
3
David J. Bland
4
Christopher J. Wood
5
  1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK
  2. School of Science, University of Greenwich, Pembroke, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
  3. Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
  4. 15 Pains Close, Pinner, Middlesex, HA5 3BN, UK
  5. Deceased

On some Turonian and Coniacian ammonites from central Colombia

William James Kennedy
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 3 | 259-285 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.134557
Keywords Ammonites Turonian Coniacian Colombia
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Authors and Affiliations

William James Kennedy
1
  1. Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3P Wand Department of Earth Sciences, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, United Kingdom

Bashkirian Rugosa (Anthozoa) from the Donets Basin (Ukraine). Part 10. The Family Krynkaphyllidae fam. nov.

Jerzy Fedorowski
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | vol. 71 | No 1 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.132258
Keywords Rugosa (Anthozoa) taxonomy Relationships Bashkirian Donets Basin
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Abstract

The known occurrence of corals distinguished here in the new Family Krynkaphyllidae varies at the subfamily level. Those of the Subfamily Krynkaphyllinae subfam. nov. are so far almost unknown from outside of the Donets Basin. In contrast, those of the Subfamily Colligophyllinae subfam. nov. are common, possibly ranging from the lower Viséan Dorlodotia Salée, 1920, a potential ancestor of the family, to the Artinskian Lytvophyllum tschernovi Soshkina, 1925. They bear different generic names, but were all originally described as fasciculate colonial. A detailed study of Lytvophyllum dobroljubovae Vassilyuk, 1960, the type species of Colligophyllum gen. nov., challenges that recognition in that at least some of those taxa are solitary and gregarious and/or protocolonial. As such, solitary, protocolonial and, probably, fasciculate colonial habits are accepted in the Colligophyllinae subfam. nov., whereas the Krynkaphyllinae subfam. nov. contains only solitary taxa. The resemblance to the Suborder Lonsdaleiina Spasskiy, 1974 led to the analysis of families included in that suborder by Hill (1981) in the context of their relationship, or homeomorphy, to Krynkaphyllidae fam. nov. This question primarily concerns the Family Petalaxidae Fomichev, 1953; a relationship with the Family Geyerophyllidae Minato, 1955, is more distant, if one exists. The distinct, parallel stratigraphic successions of taxa within two subfamilies of the Krynkaphyllidae fam. nov. document their probably common roots and early divergence. However, a lack of robust data precludes an interpretation or treatment of those successions as phylogenetic. The absence of key stratigraphic and morphologic data meant that eastern Asiatic taxa have not been considered in these successions; however, morphological similarities allow for their tentative inclusion within the Krynkaphyllidae fam. nov. The following new taxa are introduced: Krynkaphyllidae fam. nov., Krynkaphyllinae subfam. nov., Colligophyllinae subfam. nov., Krynkaphyllum gen. nov., Colligophyllum gen. nov., Protokionophyllum feninoense sp. nov., Krynkaphyllum multiplexum sp. nov., Krynkaphyllum validum sp. nov., and three species of Protokionophyllum Vassilyuk in Aizenverg et al., 1983 left in open nomenclature.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Fedorowski
1
  1. Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Bogumiła Krygowskiego 12, PL-61-680 Poznań, Poland

Early Pliocene calcareous and siliceous microfossils of the Sawai Bay Formation, Car Nicobar Island, northern Indian Ocean

Arindam Chakraborty Amit K. Ghosh Kevin McCartney Stuti Saxena Rikee Dey Lopamudra Roy
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 2 | 175-198 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.134554
Keywords Zanclean Calcareous nannofossils Radiolarians Diatoms Silicoflagellates Sponge spicules Andaman and Nicobar Islands India
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Abstract

The present contribution provides a study of calcareous nannofossils and siliceous microfossils from the Sawai Bay Formation on Car Nicobar Island, northern Indian Ocean. Two stratigraphically short sediment intervals near Sawai Bay have been examined. Qualitative and quantitative microfossil analyses show the Sawai Bay ‘A’ Section to be devoid of siliceous microfossils, while 24 well-preserved calcareous nannofossil taxa are identified. The Sawai Bay ‘B’ Section yields 18 calcareous nannofossil, 33 radiolarian and 25 diatom taxa. The calcareous nannofossil index taxa ( Ceratolithus armatus Müller, 1974a and C. cristatus Kamptner, 1950) indicate both sections to be from zones NN12 (CN10b) and NN13 (CN10c) of early Pliocene (Zanclean) age. The radiolarian taxa, i.e., Didymocyrtis avita Riedel, 1953, Euchitonia spp., Siphocampe lineata (Ehrenberg) Nigrini, 1977, Stichocorys peregrina Riedel, 1953, Semantis spp. and Stylochlamydium sp. are common in the Sawai Bay ‘B’ Section, which is assigned to Zone RN9. Most of the diatom taxa are represented by representatives of the genera Actinocyclus Ehrenberg, 1837, Azpeitia Peragallo in Tèmpere and Peragallo, 1912, Coscinodiscus Ehrenberg, 1839a, Grammatophora Ehrenberg, 1841 and Triceratium Ehrenberg, 1839b, with the benthic diatom species Triceratium favus Ehrenberg, 1839b being predominant (~35% of the total diatom count). Siliceous microfossils are also represented by silicoflagellates dominated by Dictyocha spp. and sponge spicules dominated by astrophorids.
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Authors and Affiliations

Arindam Chakraborty
1
Amit K. Ghosh
1
Kevin McCartney
2
Stuti Saxena
1
Rikee Dey
1
Lopamudra Roy
1
  1. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow 226 007, India
  2. Department of Environmental Science and Sustainability, University of Maine at Presque Isle, Presque Isle, 04769 ME, USA

The erratic rocks of the Upper Cretaceous Chalk of England: how did they get there, ice transport or other means?

Christopher V. Jeans Ian M. Platten
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 3 | 287-304 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.134555
Keywords Cretaceous Chalk erratics Gastroliths Fast-ice palaeogeography
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Abstract

Rare erratic clasts – extraneous rock types – occur in the Upper Cretaceous Chalk, including a local basal facies, the Cambridge Greensand. The underlying Upper Albian Gault Clay and the Hunstanton Red Chalk Formations have also yielded erratics. The discovery of these erratics, their description and the development of hypotheses to explain their origins and significance are reviewed. They became the subject of scientific interest with the interpretation of a particularly large example “The Purley Boulder” by Godwin-Austen (1858) as having been transported to its depositional site in the Chalk Sea by drifting coastal ice. Thin section petrography (1930–1951) extended knowledge of their diverse provenance. At the same time the Chalk Sea had become interpreted as warm, so drifting ice was considered out of context, and the preferred agents of transport were entanglement in the roots of drifting trees, as holdfasts of floating marine algae, or as stomach stones of marine reptiles or large fish. Reconsideration of their occurrence, variable nature and sedimentary setting suggests that there are three zones in the English Chalk where erratics may be less rare (1) near the base of the Cenomanian in the Cambridge area, (2) the Upper Cenomanian–Middle Turonian in Surrey, and (3) the Upper Coniacian and Lower Santonian of Kent. The assemblage from each level and their sedimentary setting is subtly different. Present evidence suggests that the erratics found in the Upper Albian–Lower Cenomanian and the Upper Cenomanian–Middle Turonian zones represent shallow water and shoreline rocks that were transported into the Chalk Sea by coastal ice (fast-ice) that enclosed coastal marine sediments as it froze. The Upper Coniacian and Lower Santonian erratics from Rochester and Gravesend in Kent are gastroliths.
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Authors and Affiliations

Christopher V. Jeans
1
Ian M. Platten
2
  1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK
  2. 4 Little Youngs, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, AL8 6SL, UK

The maximum ice sheet extent and its retreat in the western part of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, during the Sanian 2 Glaciation/MIS 12 based on geological data and analysis of karst phenomena

Jan Dzierżek Leszek Lindner Krzysztof Cabalski Jan Urban Michał Cyglicki
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 2 | 199-218 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.132264
Keywords central Poland Glacial deposits Cave deposits palaeogeography Middle Pleistocene
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Abstract

The paper is focused on the palaeographic development of the western part of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, during the maximum extent of the Sanian 2 (MIS 12) ice sheet and its retreat. The studies were based on archival cartographic data, coupled with new lithological and petrographic analyses of limni- and fluvioglacial sands, i.e., grain-size composition, quartz grain morphology and heavy mineral analysis, as well as analysis of the erratic material of tills. The results confirm the regional variability of the erratic material in the Sanian 2 tills and point to the long-term development of fluvioglacial sands cover documenting cold climate conditions. They also evidence that the western part of the Holy Cross Mountains was the area where two oppositely directed ice sheet lobes (Radoszyce and Sandomierz) advanced during the Sanian 2 Glaciation and that deglaciation of the area took place in two stages. Huge quantities of meltwater released at that time contributed to the intensification of earlier initiated karst phenomena, as well as filling of the existing caves by fluvioglacial sands.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Dzierżek
1
Leszek Lindner
1
Krzysztof Cabalski
1
Jan Urban
2
Michał Cyglicki
3
  1. Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, PL-02-089 Warszawa, Poland
  2. Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adama Mickiewicza 33, PL- 31-120, Kraków
  3. Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975, Warszawa, Poland

Stratigraphy of the Albian−Cenomanian boundary interval in the Agadir Basin, Morocco: ammonites, microcrinoids, planktonic foraminifera

Andrew Scott Gale William James Kennedy Maria Rose Petrizzo
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 4 | 453-480 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.134560
Keywords Albian−Cenomanian boundary Agadir Planktonic foraminifera Ammonites
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Abstract

The uppermost Albian and lowermost Cenomanian succession at Abouda Plage, north of Agadir, in the Agadir Basin, western Morocco, is described in detail, and ammonites, microcrinoids and planktonic foraminifera are recorded and illustrated. The lower part of the Aït Lamine Formation yields ammonites indicative of the Pervinquieria (Subschloenbachia) rostrata and P. (S.) perinflata ammonite zones, and the Thalmanninella appenninica planktonic foraminiferan Zone. The base of the Cenomanian is identified at 42.2 m above the base of the Aït Lamine Formation, based on the lowest occurrence of the planktonic foraminiferan Thalmanninella globotruncanoides Sigal, 1948. Lower Cenomanian ammonites of the Graysonites adkinsi Zone enter 3 m higher in the succession. Microcrinoid zones AlR11 and AlR12 are identified in the Upper Albian, and the base of the CeR1 Zone coincides with the lowest occurrence of Cenomanian ammonites. The ammonite and microcrinoid occurrences and detailed distributions are very similar to those found in north central Texas, which, in the Cenomanian, was 5,300 km to the west. The new records suggest that the G. adkinsi Zone is equivalent to the uppermost (Lower Cenomanian) part of the Pleurohoplites briacensis Zone of the Global Stratotype Section for the base of the Cenomanian stage. An hiatus, of global extent, immediately underlies the base of the G. adkinsi Zone and is represented in the Agadir Basin by an erosion surface containing bored and encrusted hiatus concretions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrew Scott Gale
1 2
William James Kennedy
3 4
Maria Rose Petrizzo
5
  1. School of the Environment, Geography and Geological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO13QL UK
  2. Earth Science Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW75BD, UK
  3. Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford, OX13PW
  4. Department of Earth Sciences, South Parks Road, OX13AN UK
  5. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra ‘A. Desio’, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 34, 1-20133 Milano, Italy

Marine fishes (Elasmobranchii, Teleostei) from the Glendon Limestone Member of the Byram Formation (Oligocene, Rupelian) at site AWa-9, Washington County, Alabama, USA, including a new species of gobiid (Gobiiformes: Gobiidae)

Jun A. Ebersole David J. Cicimurri Gary L. Stringer
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 4 | 481-518 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.134561
Keywords Chondrichthyes Teleostei Otoliths Paleogene Gulf Coastal Plain Vicksburg Group
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Abstract

The Oligocene (Rupelian) Byram Formation (Vicksburg Group) in Alabama, USA, is divided into three members, including (in ascending order) the Glendon Limestone, unnamed marl, and the Bucatunna Clay. The Oligocene marine units in Alabama have been historically under-investigated, but bulk samples recently obtained from Glendon Limestone Member exposures at site AWa-9 in Washington County yielded 20 unequivocal elasmobranch and teleost taxa. This surprisingly diverse paleofauna, based on isolated teeth, bones and otoliths, includes the new taxon, Gobiosoma? axsmithi sp. nov., as well as “Aetomylaeus” sp., Albula sp., Aplodinotus gemma Koken, 1888, Ariosoma nonsector Nolf and Stringer, 2003, Balistidae indet., Citharichthys sp., Myliobatoidei indet., Diretmus? sp., Hemipristis sp., Negaprion aff. N. gilmorei (Leriche, 1942), Pachyscyllium sp., Paralbula sp., Physogaleus sp., Preophidion meyeri (Koken, 1888), Sciaena pseudoradians (Dante and Frizzell in Frizzell and Dante, 1965), Sciaenops? sp., Sparus? elegantulus Koken, 1888, Sphyraena sp., and Syacium sp. Additional remains were recovered but could not be identified beyond undetermined Elasmobranchii or Teleostei. All these taxa represent first occurrences within the Glendon Limestone Member in Alabama, and the “Aetomylaeus” sp., Pachyscyllium sp., Paralbula sp., and Sciaenops? sp. specimens represent the first occurrences of each in the Oligocene of the Gulf Coastal Plain of the USA. We also report the first record of Oligocene Paralbula Blake, 1940 teeth, and the first occurrence of an Oligocene member of the Balistidae in the Western Hemisphere. This marine vertebrate assemblage indicates that the Glendon Limestone Member at site AWa-9 represented a subtropical to temperate, middle shelf paleoenvironment with a paleowater depth interpreted as 30–100 m.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jun A. Ebersole
1
David J. Cicimurri
2
Gary L. Stringer
3
  1. McWane Science Center, 200 19th Street North, Birmingham, AL 35203, USA
  2. South Carolina State Museum, 301 Gervais Street, Columbia, SC 29201, USA
  3. Museum of Natural History, 708 University Avenue, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA

Vestiges of Cambro-Ordovician continental accretion in the Carpathian-Balkan orogen: First evidence of the ‘Cenerian event’ in the central Serbo-Macedonian Unit

Darko Spahić Zoran Bojić Danica Popović Tivadar Gaudenyi
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 2 | 219–247 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.134558
Keywords ‘Cenerian event’ North Gondwana Serbo-Macedonian Unit Supragetic basement Lower Paleozoic paleosuture Migmatites Shear zones
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Abstract

In the Balkans, the Serbo-Macedonian Unit (SMU), Serbia, is thrust bounded by the composite Tethyan Vardar Zone and the Carpatho-Balkanides. The SMU actually emerges from beneath the Neoalpine Miocene–Pliocene deposits. Both provenance and geodynamic position of the SMU are poorly known and still debated. This paper reviews the data hitherto published and includes some new field data interpretations. The SMU is composed of a Neoproterozoic–Cambrian high-grade (para- and ortho-) gneiss with peraluminous magmatic arc components (560–470 Ma). The SMU is in the contact with Neoproterozoic upper Ordovician–Carboniferous low-grade metasedimentary succession of an accretionary wedge assembly represented by the Supragetic basement. The SMU basement became folded, sheared and metamorphosed around 490–450 Ma. Paleomagnetic data point to high southern latitudes and a peri-Gondwanan position of the SMU at that time, which concurs with glaciomarine evidence recorded from the upper Ordovician sediments at the base of an accretionary wedge succession. Based on the published data and field survey in the Stalać region, we correlate the SMU with the pre-Mesozoic gneiss terrane exposed in the Strona-Ceneri zone of the Alps. This terrane, identified as the Cenerian orogen of the Alaskan subduction type, developed at an active margin of Gondwana during middle Ordovician times. The SMU basement, with augen and migmatitic gneisses and arc-related peraluminous magmatic bodies, developed at this margin as part of the Cenerian belt or its equivalent. Such an orogenic edifice proved transient and in the earliest Silurian the SMU fragments drifted away being bound for Baltica (amalgamated Moesian microplate and Danubian terrane) to which they became accreted in the Carboniferous and included in the southern European branch of the Variscan orogen (Marginal Dacides/Carpatho-Balkanides). Despite considerable Variscan and Alpine reworking, the pre-Variscan, Cenerian-type crustal assembly along with an inferred boundary between the magmatic arc and the accretionary wedge, accompanied by back-arc/forearc deposits, are still decipherable in the Western Balkan countries.
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Authors and Affiliations

Darko Spahić
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zoran Bojić
1
Danica Popović
1
Tivadar Gaudenyi
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Geological Survey of Serbia, Rovinjska 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
  2. Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Djure Jakšića 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

Acorn barnacles (Crustacea, Thoracica, Balanomorpha) from the Eocene and Oligocene of the Isle of Wight and Hampshire (United Kingdom) and Manche, northern France

Andrew Scott Gale
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 2 | 153-174 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.132263
Keywords Acorn barnacles Paleogene Northwest Europe New taxa
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Abstract

Balanomorph cirripedes from the Eocene–Oligocene of the Hampshire Basin (United Kingdom) and the Middle Eocene of the Cotentin Peninsula, Manche (France) are described. A new genus, Vectibalanus, is founded, with the type species Balanus unguiformis J. de C. Sowerby, 1846; assigned to this are also Balanus erisma J. de C. Sowerby, 1846 and Vectibalanus mortoni sp. nov. In addition, a new species of Lophobalanus Zullo, 1984, L. fresvillensis sp. nov., is described. This is the first record of that genus from outside the eastern USA and the oldest species known to date. Cladistic analysis of 24 morphological characters suggests that Vectibalanus unguiformis is sister taxon to a group comprising the most derived balanomorph taxa, and thus represents an important transition in the evolution of the group, with the initiation of development of a complex parietal wall structure. Vectibalanus unguiformis was evidently adapted to low salinity habitats (10–30 ppt), and is the oldest known brackish water barnacle. The other species ( V. erisma, V. mortoni sp. nov.) occupied more clearly marine environments (>30 ppt). Balanomorph barnacles appeared simultaneously in the Priabonian (Upper Eocene) of the Gulf and Atlantic seaboards of the USA and northwest Europe, which probably represents a northerly migration from Tethys.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrew Scott Gale
1 2
  1. School of the Environment, Geography and Geological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO13QL, UK
  2. Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW75BD, UK

A putative Tournaisian and Visean volcanic-sedimentary succession in the Lublin Basin, SE Poland: depositional processes, petrological characteristics and sequence stratigraphy

Maria I. Waksmundzka Aleksandra Kozłowska Magdalena Pańczyk
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 3 | 305-344 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.134559
Keywords Tournaisian Visean Lublin Basin Sequence stratigraphy Petrography Cyclothems Volcanic source areas
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to establish the stratigraphic extent of a putative Tournaisian Stage within the Carboniferous succession in the Lublin Basin. The oldest part of the succession, known as the Huczwa Formation and comprising depositional sequences 1–4, was investigated based on lithofacies analysis, sequence stratigraphy and petrographic studies. The article provides descriptions of depositional sequences, parasequences (cyclothems) and lithofacies that were formed in a range of environments (elements of depositional architecture) and as a result of volcanic processes – lava and pyroclastic eruptions and chemical weathering of their products. Correlation of the sequence stratigraphy to the West European and global Carboniferous chronostratigraphic divisions, as well as to the Khoriv suite in the Lviv-Volyn Basin in adjacent Ukraine, indicates a putative late Tournaisian age for sequence 1, and a late Visean age for sequences 2–4. There is a stratigraphic gap between sequences 1 and 2, spanning probably the uppermost Tournaisian and the lower and middle Visean. The upper Tournaisian is represented by the FRST-LST deposits of sequence 1, comprising mainly volcaniclastic conglomerates and sandstones developed in braided-river channels and incised valleys with hyperconcentrated flow processes. These deposits are represented by polymictic paraconglomerate and lithic/sublithic/subarkose arenites or sublithic wackes, and contain predominantly grains of acidic and alkaline volcanic and igneous rocks. This material probably came from the Łuków-Wisznice Elevation and the Volynian Polesia region, located to the NE and E of the Lublin Basin. In the uppermost part of sequence 1, volcanic rocks and tuffs appear which developed during the activity of at least three volcanic cones in the Lublin Basin. The volcanoes were the source of alkaline lavas in the central and SW areas of the basin, and of acidic lavas in the SE area, previously undescribed. The Visean sequences 2–4 consist of the FRST-LST sediments deposited within incised valleys. The TST and HST deposits accumulated mainly in a shallow ramp-type carbonate shelf, shallow clayey shelf and deltaic environments.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maria I. Waksmundzka
1
Aleksandra Kozłowska
1
Magdalena Pańczyk
1
  1. Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975 Warsaw, Poland

Bashkirian Rugosa (Anthozoa) from the Donets Basin (Ukraine). Part 11. The Family Pentaphyllidae Schindewolf, 1942 and considerations on the Suborder Tachylasmatina Fedorowski, 1973

Jerzy Fedorowski
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 4 | 415-431 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.134564
Keywords Anthozoa (Rugosa) validity of Suborder Tachylasmatina Lower Bashkirian (Carboniferous) Ukraine
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Abstract

Inconsistency in the approach to the corals included by different authors in the families Tachylasmatidae Grabau, 1928 and Pentaphyllidae Schindewolf, 1942 are discussed in the context of their relationship vs homeomorphy to the Family Plerophyllidae Koker, 1924. Following Schindewolf (1942), the pentaphylloid or cryptophylloid early ontogeny, typical of the former two families, is contrasted with the zaphrentoid ontogeny typical of the latter family. Comprehensive analysis proves the independent taxonomic position of the Suborder Tachylasmatina Fedorowski, 1973. The taxa described herein support this idea. The relationship of the two families: Tachylasmatidae and Pentaphyllidae within the framework of this suborder are suggested. A new genus left in open nomenclature (represented by a single specimen) and three new species, Pentaphyllum sp. nov. 1, ?Pentaphyllum sp. nov. 2 and Gen. et sp. nov. 1 are described from lower Bashkirian deposits.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Fedorowski
1
  1. Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Bogumiła Krygowskiego 12, PL 61-680 Poznań, Poland

In defence of invertebrate fossil taxonomy

Jerzy Fedorowski
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 3 | 249-258 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.134565
Keywords taxonomy invertebrates palaeobiology palaeobiogeography palaeoecology
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Abstract

Starting from a subjective viewpoint on the decreasing interest in invertebrate fossil taxonomy, this essay discusses its importance in palaeobiological studies exemplified with cases from the palaeobiogeography and palaeoecology of rugose corals, and aims at provoking a discussion on the topic. The possible causes of this negative declining trend include inherent problems of palaeontological taxonomy, and changing systems in science and higher education.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Fedorowski
1
  1. Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Bogumiła Krygowskiego 12, 61-680 Poznań, Poland

Campanian–Paleocene Jaworzynka Formation in its type area (Magura Nappe, Outer Carpathians)

Anna Waśkowska Jan Golonka Krzysztof Starzec Marek Cieszkowski
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 3 | 345-370 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.134562
Keywords Upper Cretaceous Paleogene lithostratigraphy Foraminifera biostratigraphy
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Abstract

The Campanian–Paleocene Jaworzynka Formation, a part of the Magura Nappe succession in the Polish Outer Carpathians, is described in terms of its detailed litho- and biostratigraphy. The formation stretches along the marginal part of the Siary Unit, from the Jaworzynka stratotype area in the Silesian Beskid Mts up to the Mszana Dolna area in the Beskid Wyspowy Mts. Its equivalent in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts of the Czech Republic is the Soláň Formation. In the stratotype area, the formation displays complex structure. We distinguish four lithological units, i.e., Biotite Sandstone and Shale (I), Shale (II), Mutne Sandstone Member (III) and Thin-bedded Turbidite (IV) and provide the first detailed biostratigraphy of particular units. The first unit forms the most prominent part of the formation. It was deposited in the Middle Campanian–earliest Maastrichtian within the upper part of Caudammina gigantea Zone up to the lower part of the Rzehakina inclusa Zone. The second unit occurs only locally and its age is limited to the Maastrichtian, to the Rzehakina inclusa Zone. The third unit is composed of thick-bedded sandstones that in some parts may form more than the half of the total thickness of the formation. It is Late Maastrichtian–Danian in age and is placed in the upper part of the Rzehakina inclusa Zone and the lower part of the Rzehakina fissistomata Zone. It is usually covered by a thin package of thin-bedded turbiditic sandstone and shales of Danian–Thanetian age with foraminifera of the Rzehakina fissistomata Zone.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Waśkowska
1
Jan Golonka
1
Krzysztof Starzec
1
Marek Cieszkowski
2
  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  2. Jagiellonian University, Institute of Geography and Geology, Gronostajowa 3a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland

On imperfectly known Hauterivian representatives of the families Holcodiscidae Spath, 1923 and Barremitidae Breskovski, 1977 in Butkov Quarry (Central Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

Zdeněk Vašíček Jaap Klein
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 4 | 433-451 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.134563
Keywords Early Cretaceous Ammonites taxonomy stratigraphy Manín Unit Carpathians
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Abstract

In Butkov Quarry, ammonites of the families Holcodiscidae Spath, 1923 and Barremitidae Breskovski, 1977 occur in the pelagic Lower Cretaceous pelagic deposits of the Manín Unit. This contribution discusses the taxonomy of both families and presents their distribution in the layered sequences of the quarry. The genus Spitidiscus Kilian, 1910 classified as a member of the Superfamily Perisphinctoidea Steinmann in Steinmann and Döderlein, 1890 is an important representative of the Holcodiscidae from a stratigraphic point of view. In areas where the zonal index Acanthodiscus radiatus (Bruguière, 1789) does not occur, as in Butkov Quarry, the first representatives of Spitidiscus indicate the base of the Hauterivian. The genus Plesiospitidiscus Breistroffer, 1947 was long regarded as a member of the Superfamily Desmoceratoidea Zittel, 1895. This superfamily was based on its type species, Eodesmoceras celestini (Pictet and Campiche, 1860), which is not Valanginian in age, as now clearly proven. As a consequence, this superfamily is considered invalid. Vermeulen and Lahondère (2011) proposed an alternative by selecting a suitable initial genus, namely Plesiospitidiscus, for the Family Barremitidae, Superfamily Barremitoidea Breskovski, 1977 ( nom. transl. Vermeulen and Lahondère, 2011).
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Authors and Affiliations

Zdeněk Vašíček
1
Jaap Klein
2
  1. Institute of Geonics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Studentská 1768, CZ-708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
  2. Demmerik 12, NL-3645 EC Vinkeveen, The Netherlands

Middle Devonian acanthodians from Belarus – new data and interregional biostratigraphy

Dmitry P. Plax Michael Newman
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 4 | 393-414 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.134568
Keywords Acanthodian Belarus Baltic Scotland Stratigraphy Scales
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Abstract

The Lower Devonian (Emsian) and Middle Devonian of Belarus contain assemblages of biostratigraphically useful faunal and floral microremains. Surface deposits are few, with most material being derived from borehole cores. Acanthodian scales are particularly numerous and comparison with scales from other regions of the Old Red Sandstone continent (Laurussia), specifically the Orcadian Basin of Scotland, the Baltic Region, Spitsbergen, and Severnaya Zemlya have demonstrated a lot of synonymy of acanthodian species between these areas. This is especially the case between Belarus, the Orcadian Basin and the Baltic Region, which has allowed us to produce an interregional biostratigraphic scheme, as well as to postulate marine connection routes between these areas. The acanthodian biostratigraphy of Belarus is particularly important as it is associated with spores and marine invertebrates, so giving the potential of more detailed correlations across not only the Old Red Sandstone continent, but elsewhere in the Devonian world. We also demonstrate that differences in preservation (e.g., wear and how articulated a specimen is) is one of the main reasons for synonymy.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dmitry P. Plax
1
Michael Newman
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Belarusian National Technical University (BNTU), Nezavisimosti Avenue 65, 220013 Minsk, Republic of Belarus
  2. Vine Lodge, Vine Road, Johnston, Haverfordwest, SA62 3NZ Pembrokeshire, United Kingdom

Taxonomic revision of the Paradoxididae Hawle and Corda, 1847 from the Miaolingian (Cambrian) of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland: a morphometric approach to simply deformed trilobites

Jakub Nowicki Anna Żylińska
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 4 | 371-391 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.134566
Keywords Paradoxididae Miaolingian Cambrian Holy Cross Mountains Geometric morphometry Simple deformation Słowiec Hill
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Abstract

The taxonomy of simply deformed paradoxidids from the Miaolingian (Cambrian) of Słowiec Hill, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, is revised based on morphometric analysis. The material represents two species: Acadoparadoxides slowiecensis (Czarnocki in Orłowski, 1965) and Hydrocephalus? polonicus (Czarnocki in Orłowski, 1965). A new assemblage zone based on the combined although not precisely known ranges of these two taxa is suggested replacing the previous Paradoxides polonicus Zone of Orłowski (1975, 1988, 1992a). The Acadoparadoxides slowiecensis–Hydrocephalus? polonicus Assemblage Zone corresponds to the middle and upper part of the Wuliuan Stage (lower Miaolingian).
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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Nowicki
1
Anna Żylińska
1
  1. Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 93, PL-02-089 Warsaw, Poland

Tectonic-climatic interactions during changes of depositional environments in the Carpathian foreland: An example from the Neogene of central Poland

Marek Widera Tomasz Zieliński Lilianna Chomiak Piotr Maciaszek Robert Wachocki Achim Bechtel Barbara Słodkowska Elżbieta Worobiec Grzegorz Worobiec
Acta Geologica Polonica | vol. 71 | No 4 | 519-542 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2020.134567
Keywords River type Lignite seam Sedimentology Tectonics climate Miocene
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Abstract

Many geological problems have not been convincingly explained so far and are debatable, for instance the origin and changes of the Neogene depositional environments in central Poland. Therefore, these changes have been reconstructed in terms of global to local tectonic and climatic fluctuations. The examined Neogene deposits are divided into a sub-lignite unit (Koźmin Formation), a lignite-bearing unit (Grey Clays Member), and a supra-lignite unit (Wielkopolska Member). The two lithostratigraphic members constitute the Poznań Formation. The results of facies analysis show that the Koźmin Formation was deposited by relatively high-gradient and well-drained braided rivers. Most likely, they encompassed widespread alluvial plains. In the case of the Grey Clays Member, the type of river in close proximity to which the mid-Miocene low-lying mires existed and then were transformed into the first Mid-Miocene Lignite Seam (MPLS-1), has not been resolved. The obtained results confirm the formation of the Wielkopolska Member by low-gradient, but mostly well-drained anastomosing or anastomosing-to-meandering rivers. The depositional evolution of the examined successions depended on tectonic and climatic changes that may be closely related to the mid-Miocene great tectonic remodelling of the Alpine-Carpathian orogen. This resulted in palaeogeographic changes in its foreland in the form of limiting the flow of wet air and water masses from the south and vertical tectonic movements.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Widera
1
Tomasz Zieliński
1
Lilianna Chomiak
1
Piotr Maciaszek
2
Robert Wachocki
3
Achim Bechtel
4
Barbara Słodkowska
5
Elżbieta Worobiec
6
Grzegorz Worobiec
6
  1. Adam Mickiewicz University, Institute of Geology, Krygowskiego 12, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
  2. Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Marine Geology Branch, Kościerska 5, 80-328 Gdańsk, Poland
  3. Konin Lignite Mine, 600-lecia 9, 62-540 Kleczew, Poland
  4. Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Austria, Department of Applied Geosciences and Geophysics, Peter-Tunner-Str. 5, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
  5. Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Poland
  6. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland

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Włodzimierz Appel
Meander | Vol. 71 (2016) | DOI: 10.24425/118478
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Włodzimierz Appel
ORCID: ORCID

L. Dangereuses i nieznośna lekkość pióra

Joanna Komorowska
Meander | Vol. 71 (2016) | DOI: 10.24425/118479
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Joanna Komorowska

Talerz kampański z przedstawieniem słonia bojowego

Tomasz Kowal
Meander | Vol. 71 (2016) | DOI: 10.24425/118476
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Tomasz Kowal

Hymny i epigramy Kallimacha po polsku

Włodzimierz Appel
Meander | Vol. 71 (2016) | DOI: 10.24425/118477
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Włodzimierz Appel
ORCID: ORCID

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Anna M. Komornicka Maciej Jońca
Meander | Vol. 71 (2016) | DOI: 10.24425/118482
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Anna M. Komornicka
Maciej Jońca

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