Life Sciences and Agriculture

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica

Content

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica | 2021 | vol. 63 | No 1

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Abstract

The achene morphology and pericarp anatomy of 12 taxa representing three genera ( Anemone, Hepatica, and Pulsatilla) of the subtribe Anemoninae were investigated using microtome and light microscopy to evaluate the taxonomic implications of achene characters. The achenes of Anemone were elliptical or obovoid and beaked, whereas the achene of Hepatica and Pulsatilla were obovoid and elliptical, respectively. Noticeable variations in both quantitative and qualitative features of achenes were observed among the species of the three genera. One-way analysis of variance indicated that the quantitative achene variables among the species were highly significant (P<0.001). Pearson’s correlation coefficient also showed a significant correlation between different achene variables. The pericarp structure, particularly the number of cell layers and cell forms in the exocarp and endocarp, seems to be very useful for species delimitation in Anemone and Hepatica. The nature of the endotesta could provide substantial proof for sub-generic classification in Anemone. Unweighted paired group analysis showed the utility of achene features for taxonomic groupings of the species within the studied genera. Although the specimen samples represented a limited range of taxa, the achene features and pericarp anatomy provided a reasonable source for the taxonomic treatment of the studied genera within the subtribe.
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Authors and Affiliations

Balkrishna Ghimire
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dabin Yum
2
Jae Hyeun Kim
2
Mi Jin Jeong
2

  1. Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Korea
  2. Division of Plant Resources, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon 11186, Korea
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Abstract

In this study, female gametophytes of Silene muradica, which is a gynodioecious species, were examined histologically. Buds and blossoms of S. muradica were used as the research material. They were collected in the Sivas province (Turkey) in July 2019, and fixed with ethanol:acetic acid solution (3:1, v/v). Flower parts were dissected under a stereo microscope. They were dehydrated in rising alcohol series and then embedded in Historesin. The sections were taken by a rotary microtome and stained with 0.5% Toluidine blue O. The ovary of S. muradica has three carpels and a single chamber, the ovules are arranged on a central column. The mature ovule is of the campylotropous type, crassinucellate and bitegmig. The megaspore mother cell undergoes regular meiotic division and forms a linear megaspore tetrad after meiosis. The development of the embryo sac is monosporic. The chalazal megaspore is functional and the others degenerate. The mature embryo sac is eight-nucleated and of the Polygonum type. The synergid cells and the egg cell are completely surrounded by the cell wall. Antipodal cells are temporary cells, which degenerate immediately after fertilization. Before fertilization, polar nuclei are fused in the central cell and form the secondary nucleus. The endosperm development is of the nuclear type. Nucellar tissue is permanent and forms perisperm in mature seeds. The embryo development is of the Caryophyllad type. In this study, the development of the female gametophyte of S. muradica, which was determined to be a gynodioecious species, was reported for the first time.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ciler Kartal
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mehmet Tekin
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Abstract

Accumulation of LaCl3, a well-known Ca2+-channel blocker, can inhibit plant growth. However, the current understanding of its effects on gene expression is limited. In this paper, different concentrations of LaCl3 (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mM) were used to treat germinated wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seeds for 24 h. The degree of root growth inhibition gradually increased with increasing LaCl3 concentration. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of several key genes related to the cell cycle process, such as pcna, mcm2, rdr and cyclin B, were significantly down-regulated. Further analysis of genomic DNA instability using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and methylation levels by Coupled Restriction Enzyme Digestion-Random Amplification (CRED-RA) analysis indicated a significant increase in genomic DNA polymorphisms and methylation levels. The results of this study verified that the reasons why LaCl3 treatment can inhibit the growth of wheat roots are as follows: interference in the normal progression of the cell cycle, induction of genomic DNA instability and increase in DNA methylation levels.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xia Lei
1
Keshi Ma
2
Feixiong Zhang
1

  1. College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
  2. College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou City, Henan Province, 466001, China
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Abstract

Our study involved the first-ever evaluation of the performance of anther culture and wheat × maize hybridization techniques in producing haploids or doubled haploids as a result of spontaneous doubling of the chromosome number during androgenesis in plants from 30 wheat genotypes including ancient, local and modern types. The results indicated that the best induction rates of androgenic structures and haploid embryos for the hexaploid and tetraploid wheat genotypes were obtained with anther culture and wheat × maize hybridization, respectively. Whereas only one regenerated plant from 15 genotypes of tetraploid wheat was obtained, 13 plants were regenerated from 15 genotypes of hexaploid wheat. Moreover, haploid embryos obtained in wheat × maize hybridization 60 and 100% green plants regenerated in relation to the number of the cultured haploid embryos. Genotypes with high induction capacity to produce androgenic structure or haploid embryos did not have desired haploid plantlets regeneration capacity and vice-versa. However, with both methods, hexaploid wheat genotypes had a considerable ability to produce green plants. Doubled haploid plants were obtained from ancient and local wheat genotypes by both methods, but not from modern wheat. Those genotypes can be used as parents in future wheat breeding programs and new varieties may be obtained by selecting pure lines in wheat populations
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Authors and Affiliations

Gamze Gurtay
1
Imren Kutlu
2
Suleyman Avci
3

  1. Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, 26160 Eskisehir, Turkey
  2. Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biosystem Engineering, 26160 Eskisehir, Turkey
  3. 1Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, 26160 Eskisehir, Turkey
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Abstract

The genus Narcissus has several endemic, rare and/or threatened species in the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa. In vitro propagation is a useful tool for threatened plants conservation used in ex situ strategies. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the propagation in vitro of bulb scale explants of five endemic, rare and/or endangered Narcissus species from the Iberian Peninsula, treated with different PGR combinations. Initiation was achieved in half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal salts and vitamins, 10 g/L sucrose, 500 mg/L casein hydrolysate, 2 mg/L adenine, 10 mg/L glutathione and 5.5 g/L plant agar. In the multiplication phase, the highest bulblet proliferation was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose and the combination of 10 μM 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) + 5 μM α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in N. alcaracensis, N. eugeniae and N. hedraeanthus; 20 μM BAP + 5 μM NAA in N. jonquilla and N. yepesii. The highest rooting was obtained with 5 μM NAA + 1 μM Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for all species (>75%) and more than 80% of the produced bulblets were successfully acclimatized.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jorge Juan-Vicedo
1 2
Atanas Pavlov
3 4
Segundo Ríos
1
Jose Luis Casas
1

  1. Instituto Universitario de Investigación CIBIO, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera Sant Vicent del Raspeig, 03690 Sant Vicent del Raspeig (Alicante), Spain
  2. Current address: Instituto de Investigación en Medio Ambiente y Ciencia Marina IMEDMAR, Universidad Católica de Valencia, Carrer Guillem de Castro, 94, 46001 Valencia, Spain
  3. Laboratory of Applied Biotechnologies, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Boulevard, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
  4. University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Boulevard, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria

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ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica is an English-language journal founded in 1958, devoted to plant anatomy and morphology, cytology, genetics, embryology, tissue culture, physiology, biochemistry, biosystematics, molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography, as well as phytochemistry. It is published twice a year.

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PALMER TP. 1962. Population structure, breeding system, interspecific hybridization and alloploidy. Heredity 17: 278-283.
CHEN BY, HENEEN WK, SIMONSEN V. 1989. Comparative and genetic studies of isozymes in resynthesized and cultivated Brassica napus L., Brassica campestris L., and B. alboglabra Baitey. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 77: 673-679.
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BERGRREN DJ. 1981. Atlas of Seeds, part 3. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm.
BING D, DOWNEY RK, RAKOW GFW. 1991. Potential of gene transfer among oilseed Brassica and their weedy relatives. Proceedings of the GCTRC Eighth International Rapeseed Congress, 9-11 July 1991, 1022-1027. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
ROMEO JT. 1973. A chemotaxonomic study of the genus Erythrina (Leguminosae). Ph.D. disseration, University of Texas, Austin, TX.
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PHILLIPS RL. 1981. Pollen and pollen tubes. In: Clark G [ed.], Staining Procedures, 61-366. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD.
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