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ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Opis

The „Academia” magazine was founded on the initiative of Professor Andrzej B. Legocki, a President of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 2003 – 2006. In the beginning it was published only in English as a reply to the growing demand for a current information on the Polish Academy of Sciences` activities, expressed by foreign scientists and Poles living abroad and interested in Polish science.

Since 2005 the magazine is published both in Polish and English.

The „Academia” is an exceptional - on the Polish market - scientific magazine for the general public, propagating achievements of Polish scientists here and abroad. Authors of articles in „Academia” explain their subject in a way that is accessible not only for all sorts of academics but also for students, pupils and all other readers interested in scientific topics for the general public.

ISSN
1731-7401
Wydawcy
Polish Academy of Sciences

Editorial Staff

Jolanta Iwańczuk (Editor-in-Chief, Earth Sciences)

Daniel Sax (Editor, English-Language Version)

Marcin Pietras (Biological & Agricultural Sciences)

Justyna Orłowska (Journalist)

Andrzej Figatowski (Graphic Designer)

Anna Bielec (Project Coordinator)


Scientific Council

Marek Konarzewski, President of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Chairman)

Dariusz Jemielniak (Deputy Chairman)

Andrzej Buko

Katarzyna Czarnecka

Patrycja Dołowy

Paweł Golik

Janusz Jurczak

Tomasz Kapitaniak

Marek Krawczyk

Krzysztof Nowak

Anna Zawadzka

Publisher:


Polish Academy of Sciences

Communication and Science Information Department

Defilad sq. 1,

00-901 Warsaw, Poland

e-mail: academia@pan.pl

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Zawartość

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points

1 Contents
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points
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2 From the Editors
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points
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3 New Window on the Universe
Andrzej Królak , Piotr Jaranowski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 4-7 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.143985
Słowa kluczowe: gravitational waves physics
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Abstrakt

The first direct observation of gravitational waves was a major breakthrough in contemporary astronomy – and Polish scientists made major contributions to the discovery.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Andrzej Królak
1
Piotr Jaranowski
2
  1. Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw
  2. Faculty of Physics, University of Białystok
4 The Genome above the Genome
Carsten Carlberg
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 8-11 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.143986
Słowa kluczowe: epigenomics diet nutrients
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Abstrakt

Our daily diet contains carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, minerals, and vitamins – nutrients that provide us with energy and serve as the building blocks of our bodies. However, we are increasingly learning that what we eat also interacts with the genes in our cells in important ways.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Carsten Carlberg
1
  1. PAS Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research in Olsztyn
5 Images Worth a Thousnad Words
Cezary Kępka
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 12-15 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.143987
Słowa kluczowe: computer tomography coronary artery disease medicine cardiology
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Abstrakt

Computed tomography is opening up new possibilities for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. If used routinely as a future screening method, it can detect the disease at a very early stage.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Cezary Kępka
1
  1. Institute of Cardiology in Warsaw
6 What’s Suspended in the Atmosphere
Iwona Stachlewska
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 16-19 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.143988
Słowa kluczowe: aerosol atmosphere atmospheric physics meteorology
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Abstrakt

The Earth’s atmosphere contains various dust particles that scatter and absorb solar radiation. Their amount and type affect the temperature on Earth – but how do we know what’s up there?
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Iwona Stachlewska
1
  1. Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw
7 Crises and Breakthroughs, Turns and Renewals
Danuta Ulicka
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 20-23 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.143989
Słowa kluczowe: literary studies literature the humanities
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Abstrakt

To try to really understand our position in the world – and not just in the academic sense – we need not only to survey the situation around us, but also to carefully peer into the past. And so, let us at least attempt a cursory glance examining the last century-and-a-half of turbulent change in the field of the humanities.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Danuta Ulicka
1
  1. Department of Poetics, Literary Theory, and Methodology of Literary Studies, Institute of Polish Literature, University of Warsaw
8 Turning Points Teach Us to Pay Attention
Anna Woźniak
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 24-26 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.143990
Słowa kluczowe: psychology violence post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) rape
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Abstrakt

For those who experience it, sexual violence is a traumatic event, one that marks a major turning point in their lives. Recent years have witnessed many social changes affecting attitudes towards this type of violence.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anna Woźniak
1
  1. SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Warsaw
9 Digital Transformation Just Around the Corner
Kamil Śliwowski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 27-29 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.143991
Słowa kluczowe: sociology digital transformation Internet social media
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Abstrakt

Kamil Śliwowski of the Information Society Development Foundation explains how the current reach and scale of the Internet entail a new stage of civilization – irrespective of what technologies ultimately gain the widest popularity.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Kamil Śliwowski
1
  1. Information Society Development Foundation (FRSI), Warsaw
10 The Suwałki Cataclysm
Piotr Weckwerth
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 30-35 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.143992
Słowa kluczowe: geology Suwałki region glacial floods glaciation
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Abstrakt

The landscape near the town of Suwałki in northeastern Poland shows intriguing signs of super-massive catastrophic flooding at the end of the last ice age.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Piotr Weckwerth
1
  1. Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
11 How to Compare the Incomparable?
Fabian Welc
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 36-40 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.143993
Słowa kluczowe: archaeology geophysics magnetometry archaeometry
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Abstrakt

Combining two different surveying methods – ground-penetrating radars and magnetometry – using the Amplitude Data Comparison method (ADCM) offers archeologists a new, cutting-edge tool to unravel the mysteries of the past.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Fabian Welc
1
  1. Institute of Archaeology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw
12 Genes that Cure
Mirosław Ząbek , Paweł Obierzyński , Adrian Drożdż
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 41-43 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.143994
Słowa kluczowe: medicine genetic engineering genes viruses DNA
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Abstrakt

Genetic engineering is now a reality. If used wisely, it can be beneficial for humans. A good example is offered by gene therapies that put viruses to work.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mirosław Ząbek
1 2
Paweł Obierzyński
1 2
Adrian Drożdż
1 3
  1. Interventional Neurology Center (INC), Department of Neurosurgery, Bródno Mazovian Hospital in Warsaw
  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center for Post-Graduate Education (CMKP)
  3. Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw
13 Fungi Tell Their Secret Tales
Marcin Pietras
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 44-47 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.143995
Słowa kluczowe: mycology fungi polymerase DNA
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Abstrakt

The kingdom of fungi comprises some of the most mysterious, poorly studied, and diverse organisms on our planet. The pioneering DNA-based technology known as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is now revolutionizing our understanding of fungal taxonomy, systematics, and ecology.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marcin Pietras
1
  1. Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik
14 How Society Shifts
Anna Wylegała
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 48-51 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.143996
Słowa kluczowe: sociology society innovation
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Abstrakt

A social revolution can sometimes be a healthy reaction of the social fabric in need of regeneration, says Dr. Anna Wylegała of the PAS Institute of Philosophy and Sociology.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anna Wylegała
1
  1. Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences
15 Sunlight at the End of the Tunnel
Olaf Szewczyk
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 52-55 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.143997
Słowa kluczowe: perovskite photovoltaic cells silicone cells
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Abstrakt

Perovskite solar cells represent the biggest breakthrough in photovoltaics in decades, bringing a chance for affordable and widely available green energy. They are suitable in areas where silicon cells have fallen short.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Olaf Szewczyk
1
  1. Saule Technologies in Warsaw
16 Reefs in the Twilight Zone
Mikołaj K. Zapalski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 56-59 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.143998
Słowa kluczowe: coral reefs corals symbiosis mesophotic reefs Devonian reefs
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Abstrakt

Coral reefs, commonly found in tropical coastal areas, are the world’s most complex marine ecosystems. But how do deeperwater corals differ from easier-to-study reefs in shallower waters?
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mikołaj K. Zapalski
1
  1. Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw
17 Focused Ultrasound: Doing Damage so as to Heal
Mirosław Ząbek , Paweł Obierzyński , Adrian Drożdż
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 60-63 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.143999
Słowa kluczowe: focused ultrasound brain Gamma Knife MRI neurosurgery
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Abstrakt

Innovative treatments that actually involve damaging certain parts of the brain may represent some patients’ only chance for recovery.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mirosław Ząbek
1 2
Paweł Obierzyński
1 2
Adrian Drożdż
1 3
  1. Interventional Neurology Center (INC), Department of Neurosurgery, Bródno Mazovian Hospital in Warsaw
  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center for Post-Graduate Education (CMKP)
  3. Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw
18 Science Knows No Boundries
Jacek Jemielity
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 64-66 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.144000
Słowa kluczowe: DNA viruses oncology vaccination medicine
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Abstrakt

Prof. Jacek Jemielity of the Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, talks about tailor-made cancer therapies and explains what coronavirus vaccines have to do with cancer treatment.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jacek Jemielity
1
  1. Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw
19 Plants Talk to One Other
Stanisław Karpiński
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 67-69 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.144001
Słowa kluczowe: DNA cells communication botany
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Abstrakt

Prof. Stanisław Karpiński discusses groundbreaking research into how plants communicate, remember stress, and process information.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Stanisław Karpiński
1
  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW)
20 New Knowledge from the Gravitational-Wave Observations
Amedeo Romagnolo
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 70-72 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.144002
Słowa kluczowe: gravitational waves astronomy stars black holes
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Abstrakt

Gravitational waves are not a rare phenomenon that happens only once in a while in our universe. Rather, such waves pass through the Earth on a daily basis, generated by cosmic events of various types. Studying their origins can teach us a great deal about the universe at large.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Amedeo Romagnolo
1
  1. Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences
21 Tracking Down Rare-Earth Elements
Bogusław Bagiński
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 73-77 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.144003
Słowa kluczowe: elements rare-earth elements minerals hydrothermal fluids petrology
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Abstrakt

Rare-earth elements have countless applications in electronic devices that use state-of-the-art technologies. Experimental research is aimed at making it easier to find them, by predicting their behavior in the processes that form mineral ores.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Bogusław Bagiński
1
  1. Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw
22 A Lonely Man in a Distant Backwater
Katarzyna Kasia
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 78-79 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.144004
Słowa kluczowe: short circuit history of philosophy Kant breakthroughs
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Katarzyna Kasia
1
  1. Department of Culture Theory, Faculty of Management of Visual Culture, Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw
23 The Heart Comes First
Adam Witkowski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 80-85 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.144005
Słowa kluczowe: medicine cardiology surgery valve
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Abstrakt

Transcatheter valve replacement often saves patients’ lives. The procedure has become relatively safe and very effective, and may soon become common practice.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Adam Witkowski
1
  1. National Institute of Cardiology in Warsaw
24 Ghosts of Former Inhabitants
Karolina Ćwiek-Rogalska
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2022 | No 3 (75) Turning Points | 86 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2022.144006
Słowa kluczowe: cultural anthropology grant Slavic studies
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Karolina Ćwiek-Rogalska
1
  1. Institute of Slavic Studies in Warsaw, Polish Academy of Sciences

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