Applied sciences

Archives of Acoustics

Description

Archives of Acoustics is an English-language peer-reviewed quarterly journal publishing original research papers from all areas of acoustics and abstracts from some specialised acoustical conferences. It gives free internet access to its full content (abstracts of research papers) to current issues.

Archives of Acoustics, the peer-reviewed quarterly journal publishes original research papers from all areas of acoustics like:

acoustical measurements and instrumentation,

acoustics of musics,

acousto-optics,

architectural, building and environmental acoustics,

bioacoustics,

electroacoustics,

linear and nonlinear acoustics,

noise and vibration,

physical and chemical effects of sound,

physiological acoustics,

psychoacoustics,

quantum acoustics,

sonochemistry,

speech processing and communication systems,

speech production and perception,

transducers,

ultrasonics,

underwater acoustics.

IMPACT FACTOR 2022: 0.9

CiteScore 2022: 2.1

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2022: 0.291

Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2022: 0.687

Earlier issues are available on the old website http://acoustics.ippt.gov.pl/index.php/aa/issue/archive

ISSN

ISSN 0137-5075, eISSN 2300-262X

Publishers

Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Committee on Acoustics

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief
Andrzej Nowicki (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0002-9260-8237

Deputy Editor-in-Chief
Janusz Wójcik (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0002-6120-5195

Associate Editors

General linear acoustics and physical acoustics
• Wojciech P. Rdzanek (University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów) ORCID:

0000-0003-4328-5563
• Anna Snakowska (AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków) ORCID:

0000-0002-8419-0205

Architectural acoustics
• Tadeusz Kamisiński (AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków) ORCID:

0000-0002-8580-2402
• Mirosław Meissner (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0003-3885-0273

Musical acoustics and psychological acoustics
• Andrzej Miśkiewicz (The Fryderyk Chopin University of Music, Warszawa)
• Anna Preis (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań) ORCID:

0000-0002-9939-9722

Underwater acoustics and nonlinear acoustics
• Jacek Marszal (Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk) ORCID:

0000-0002-6760-9246

Speech, Computational acoustics and signal processing
• Jędrzej Kociński (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań) ORCID:

0000-0001-9562-9925

Ultrasonics, transducers and instrumentation
• Krzysztof Opieliński (Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław) ORCID: 0000-0001-9531-1562

0000-0001-9531-1562
• Janusz Wójcik (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0002-6120-5195

Sonochemistry
• Marzena Dzida (University of Silesia, Katowice) ORCID:

0000-0001-9566-4093

Electroacoustics
• Jan Żera (Warsaw University of Technology, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0002-2175-6910

Noise control and environmental acoustics
• Jan Andrzej Adamczyk (Central Institute for Labor Protection - National Research Institute, Warszawa)
• Grzegorz Klekot (Warsaw University of Technology, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0001-8469-8298
• Janusz Kompała (Central Mining Institute, Katowice) ORCID:

0000-0003-4544-0547
• Lucyna Leniowska (University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów) ORCID:

0000-0002-7994-7867
• Janusz Piechowicz (AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków) ORCID:

0000-0002-1435-4673
• Dariusz Pleban (Central Institute for Labor Protection - National Research Institute, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0003-1351-9584

Journal Managing Editor
• Eliza Jezierska (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN, Warszawa)

Archives of Acoustics
Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN
Adolfa Pawińskiego 5B
02-106 Warsaw, Poland
Phone: (48) (22) 826 12 81 ext. 206
Email: akustyka@ippt.pan.pl

Archives of Acoustics is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.

The journal content is available under the license CC BY-SA 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Volumes
Instructions for authors

Select number

2024
- vol. 49
  - No 4
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Content

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 3

1 A Scalar Measure of Acoustic Hazard Assessment

Wojciech Batko , Leszek Radziszewski , Andrzej Bąkowski

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 3 | 299-306 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148793

Keywords: traffic noise noise hazard coefficient of exceedances Cnossos noise model

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Abstract

The article addresses the problem of assessing the impact of road modernization on improving the acoustic environment. It formulates a hypothesis about the advisability of adopting the scalar dimension of the decibel space to describe acoustic hazards. It is proposed to reduce the analysis of changes in sound levels to the analysis of changes in the coefficient of exceedance of the recommended noise levels. Its value is determined by the decibel relation of dividing sound levels. The basis for the assessment of the effectiveness of the adopted solution was the analysis of the statistical characteristics of monitored exceedances of recommended noise levels, considered through the prism of the current and proposed measure. They showed greater sensitivity of the proposed coefficient in the assessment of the improvement of the acoustic climate caused by road modernization. For example, the median noise level for nights before the road modernization was 66.9 dB(A), and after the modernization 65.6 dB(A). However, the coefficient of exceedances decreased by approximately 25 %. Numerical simulations, in accordance with the Cnossos noise model, showed that reducing the speed by 10 km/h will reduce the coefficient of exceedances by approximately 20 %.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Batko

e-mail:

ORCID:

Leszek Radziszewski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Andrzej Bąkowski

State University of Applied Sciences in Krosno, Krosno, Poland
Kielce University of Technology, Kielce, Poland

2 Evaluation Modeling of Electric Bus Interior Sound Quality Based on Two Improved XGBoost Algorithms Using GS and PSO

Enlai Zhang , Yi Chen , Liang Su , Ruoyu Zhonglian , Xianyi Chen , Shangfeng Jiang

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 3 | 307–317 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148794

Keywords: electric bus sound quality acoustic comfort GS-XGBoost PSO-XGBoost

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Abstract

There is no doubt that traffic noise has become one of the main sources of urban noise, and the electric bus, as an important means of transport frequently used by people in daily life, has a direct impact on the psychological and auditory health of passengers due to its interior noise characteristics. Consequently, studying electric bus sound quality is an important way to improve vehicle performance and comfort. In this paper, eight electric buses were selected and 64 noise samples were measured. Acoustic comfort was taken as an evaluation index, professionals were organized to complete the subjective evaluation tests for all noise samples based on rank score comparison (RSC). And nine psycho-acoustic objective parameters such as loudness, sharpness and roughness were calculated using Artemis software to establish the sound quality database of electric buses. Aiming at the practical application requirements of high-precision modeling of acoustic comfort in vehicles, this paper presented two improved extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithms based on grid search (GS) method and particle swarm optimization (PSO), respectively, with objective parameters and acoustic comfort as input and output variables, and established three regression models of standard XGBoost, GS-XGBoost, and PSO-XGBoost through data training. Finally, the calculation results of three indexes of average relative error, square root error and correlation coefficient indicate that the proposed PSO-XGBoost model is significantly better than GS-XGBoost and standard XGBoost, with its prediction accuracy as high as 97.6 %. This model is determined as the evaluation model of interior acoustic comfort for this case, providing a key technical support for future sound quality optimization of electric buses.

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Authors and Affiliations

Enlai Zhang

1 2

Yi Chen

e-mail:

ORCID:

Liang Su

Ruoyu Zhonglian

Xianyi Chen

Shangfeng Jiang

School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
Xiamen Key Laboratory of Robot Systems and Digital Manufacturing, Xiamen, China
Bus Engineering Research Institute, Xiamen King Long United Automotive Industry Co., Ltd, Xiamen, China

3 Virtual Reality Technology in Analysis of the Sarek National Park Soundscape in Sweden

Dorota Młynarczyk , Jerzy Wiciak

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 3 | 319-329 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148802

Keywords: virtual soundwalk Lapland UNESCO natural soundscape virtual reality technology

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Abstract

The paper presents an in-depth analysis of the soundscape within Sarek National Park, the oldest national park in Europe, situated in Lapland, northern Sweden. The comprehensive acoustic measurements, ambisonic recordings, and 360° video recordings were carried out during a scientific expedition in the summer of 2020. The aim of the paper is to show the soundscape analysis of carefully selected characteristic locations in various parts of the valley. The paper extensively discusses the findings derived from the recorded data using both classical acoustic methods and the soundscape approach. The classic acoustic parameters, commonly employed in environmental acoustics as well as eco-acoustic indices such as: ACI (acoustic complexity index), ADI (acoustic diversity index), AEI (acoustic evenness index), NDSI (normalized difference soundscape index), BIO (energy level of biophony), amplitude index (M), and total entropy (H) were calculated. To gain further insights, listening tests, facilitated through virtual reality tools, were conducted, enabling participants to engage in soundwalk experiences. By employing a combination of traditional acoustic methods and innovative soundscape approaches, the paper presents a holistic evaluation of the auditory environment in Sarek National Park. The main contribution of the presented research is providing new data from the unique, geographically inaccessible region of the world, the Sarek National Park. This research not only enriches our understanding of the national park’s soundscape but also offers valuable insights into the interaction between the natural environment and human perception of sound.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Młynarczyk

Jerzy Wiciak

AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland

4 Assessing Spatial Audio: A Listener-Centric Case Study on Object-Based and Ambisonic Audio Processing

Paweł Małecki , Joanna Stefanska , Maja Szydłowska

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 3 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148798

Keywords: spatial sound technologies Dolby Atmos Ambisonics music production sound evaluation

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Abstract

The research explores the production and critical evaluation of two distinct mixes of “Dancing Ends”, a musical composition by Łukasz Pieprzyk. These mixes were engineered using two cutting-edge spatial sound technologies: Dolby Atmos and Ambisonics. The recording process incorporated overdub and multitrack recording techniques. Once created, the mixes were evaluated using a method of direct rating, based on an average rank system from 1 to 5, adhering strictly to the (ITU-R, 2015) BS.1116-3 and (ITU-R, 2019) BS.1284-2 standards. Evaluation criteria included factors such as mix selectivity, depth, width, and height of the sound stage, sound envelopment, tonal brightness, and quality of source localization. Additionally, some criteria were specifically tailored to evaluate characteristics unique to the composition. The evaluations were performed on three different listening systems and environments: surround systems of 5.1 and 7.1.4, and binaural listening. Although Ambisonics’ mix received higher ratings in several categories, Dolby Atmos’ mix was preferred across all listening environments. The results underscore the potential benefits of employing spatial sound technologies in music production and evaluation, offering insight into the capabilities of Dolby Atmos and Ambisonics.

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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Małecki

Joanna Stefanska

Maja Szydłowska

Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics, AGH University of Krakow, Kraków, Poland

5 Modelling the Acoustic Properties of Baffles Made of Porous and Fibrous Materials

Krzysztof Kosała

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 3 | 345-357 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148792

Keywords: sound absorption coefficient insertion loss sound transmission loss acoustical enclosures porous materials

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Abstract

The research described in the article addresses the problem of measurement, prediction and practical use of the acoustic properties of materials determined in an impedance tube. The aim of the research was to develop a simple calculation model for the insertion loss of small machinery enclosures, based on the normal incidence sound transmission loss and the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient of porous and fibrous materials. Both experimental and model tests were carried out on materials such as mineral wool, melamine foam and rebonded polyurethane foam. Assessing the absorption properties of the tested porous and fibrous materials was performed using selected theoretical models, relating the calculations of the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient to measurements of this parameter conducted using an impedance tube. The application of the modified Allard and Champoux model brought the best results with the smallest discrepancies of the obtained results in relation to the experimental tests. Assessing the sound-insulating properties of the tested mineral wool was carried out using the proposed calculation model for the normal incidence sound transmission loss, relating the obtained results to measurements conducted using an impedance tube. The assessment of the sound-insulating properties of porous and fibrous materials was performed using the proposed calculation model for insertion loss, which was validated using two prototype test stands for determining the insertion loss of cubic enclosures, in this case with walls made of porous and fibrous materials. Satisfactory results were obtained for engineering applications in the calculation results using the proposed models with respect to measurements. The results may have practical applications in assessing the effectiveness of acoustic enclosures, in which the basic construction material is an appropriate porous or fibrous plate, selected to have both sound-absorbing and sound-insulating properties.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Kosała

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics, AGH University of Krakow

6 Sound Insulation Properties of Sound-Reduction Louvers with Innovative Devulcanized Rubber

Tomas Vilniškis , Tomas Januševicius

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 3 | 359-368 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148789

Keywords: acoustical louvers rubber sound absorption insertion loss

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Abstract

The growing amount of used tires presents many environmental challenges around the world. Therefore, new ways to reuse used tires are being sought. One of the uses of waste tires is in sound-insulating constructions. Waste tires can be shredded into granules, which can be further devulcanized to increase their porosity. These granules can then be glued to panels and used in sound-insulating structures. Acoustic louvers were investigated in this study, with the louvers’ plates covered with rubber granule panels. Sound absorption parameters of rubber granule panels were tested across frequency bands ranging from 160 Hz to 5000 Hz. The results showed the normal incidence sound absorption coefficient reached 0.87–0.96 at 3150 Hz for 12 mm rubber granule plates. Measurements were conducted in a semi-anechoic chamber. The study has shown that rubber louvers can reduce the sound pressure level by 8 dB–12 dB, depending on the composite of the rubber granule panels and the tilt angle of the louvers’ plates.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomas Vilniškis

Tomas Januševicius

Department of Environmental Protection and Water Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Vilnius, Lithuania

7 Application of Cellulose and Paper-Based Products in Building Acoustics

Aleksandra Klimek , Jerzy F. Łątka , Paweł Nieradka , Andrzej Dobrucki

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 3 | 369-383 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148791

Keywords: paper cardboard insulation absorption acoustic metamaterial honeycomb

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Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive acoustic study of paper-based building products: cellulose wool, paperboard, corrugated cardboard, and honeycomb panels. The material configurations included the intact form as well as the various modifications, i.e., density variation, multiple-layered staking, perforation or acoustic metamaterial setup. Tests covered acoustic absorption and insulation properties, with the last examined under excitation of both a plane wave and a diffused field. Additionally, the cellulose wool is provided with the characteristic impedance and propagation wavenumber results; and the paperboard was tested for its dynamic elastic and damping properties. The paper-based products, giving their weight, prove to be a convincing replacement for conventional materials by both absorptive and insulation performance. The maximum acquired sound reduction index, for exceptionally lightweight (2.2 kg/m²) paper double-wall metamaterial structure, reached 26 dB.

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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Klimek

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jerzy F. Łątka

Paweł Nieradka

1 3

Andrzej Dobrucki

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Acoustics, Multimedia and Signal Processing, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
Department of Architecture and Visual Arts, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
KFB Acoustics, Wrocław, Poland

8 How Much Voicing in Voiced Geminates? The Laryngeal Voicing Profile of Polish Double Stops

Arkadiusz Rojczyk , Andrzej Porzuczek

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 3 | 385-397 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148797

Keywords: geminates Polish voicing stops speech production

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Abstract

Geminates (such as the double /k/ in Polish lekki “light”) form a group of consonants that are mainly characterized by longer durations than the corresponding singletons. Most of the research has concentrated on durational and spectral properties of geminates in contrast to singletons. Much less attention has been paid to the realization of the voicing contrast in geminates and whether it is differently implemented than in singletons. In the current study, we contribute to this research with the data from Polish stop geminates. To this end, a total of 49 native speakers of Polish produced all stop geminates and corresponding singletons in wordforms of the same phonological make-up. The measurements included closure duration, voicing ratio, duration, and mean intensity of the release burst. The results showed that the voicing ratio was 0.69, classifying Polish stop geminates as mildly devoiced. There was a significant speaker-dependent variability in that some speakers devoiced all geminates, while others either partially devoiced or never devoiced. The analysis of interactions between geminates and singletons revealed that geminates cancelled voicing cues observed in singletons such as longer durations and lower intensity of the release burst. We discuss the current results in terms of voicing implementation in Polish and in relation to other geminating languages.

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Authors and Affiliations

Arkadiusz Rojczyk

e-mail:

ORCID:

Andrzej Porzuczek

e-mail:

ORCID:

Speech Processing Laboratory, University of Silesia in Katowice

9 Study on the Impact of Drainage Noise in Residential Bathrooms Based on Finite Element Simulation

Yaping Wang , Xin Deng , Bingyuan Chi , Yanqiu Cui

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 3 | 399–417 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148799

Keywords: residential building bathroom drainage noise numerical simulation sound field distribution

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Abstract

Residential bathroom drainage noise is a primary source of indoor noise that directly affects quality of life and physical and mental health. Therefore, based on the acoustic theory and the finite element simulation technology, this paper proposes a method to simulate the drainage noise characteristics and its impact range jointly using the flow and acoustic fields. The pressure at the pipe wall caused by the internal flow field of the bathroom drainage pipe is calculated by the Fluent software. Simulations are carried out with the Virtual Lab software to predict the drainage noise characteristics and spatial distribution and to analyse the influence of factors such as the door position, riser position, and the partition wall material on the noise distribution. The results show that drainage noise has prominent high-frequency characteristics, the position of the bathroom drainage pipes and doors affects the spatial noise distribution, and the sound insulation performance of a par- tition wall with ordinary fired bricks in the bathroom is slightly better than that of ordinary concrete bricks, lightweight aggregate concrete blocks or fly ash blocks. This paper provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for reducing the impact of residential drainage noise and creating a healthy and comfortable indoor acoustic environment.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yaping Wang

Xin Deng

Bingyuan Chi

Yanqiu Cui

School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, China

10 Effects of Ultrasonic Power and Intensity of Mechanical Agitation on Pretreatment of a Gold-Bearing Arsenopyrite

Won Chol Hong , Ye Yong Kim , Chang Dok Kwon , Kwang Chol So

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 3 | 419-428 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148801

Keywords: gold arsenopyrite alkaline pretreatment ultrasound computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Ansys Fluent

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Abstract

In this paper, the effects of an ultrasonic power and the intensity of mechanical agitation for pulp on alkaline pretreatment of gold-bearing arsenopyrite were investigated. The effect of pulp temperature on leaching efficiency in alkaline pretreatment of arsenopyrite was investigated under ultrasound and non-ultrasound conditions. Pre-treatment was followed by gold leaching tests with a cyanide solution. Compared with the nonultrasound condition at the temperature of 60 XC, arsenic extraction and gold extraction was increased 20 %, 14.4 %, respectively, in the presence of ultrasound at ambient temperature. The characteristics of the ultrasonic power level as a function of the intensity of mechanical agitation were evaluated by a numerical simulation with CFD software – Ansys Fluent. The simulation results demonstrated that the stronger intensity of mechanical agitation, the lower ultrasonic power level. These results were proved through leaching experiments at different rotation speeds of impeller and ultrasonic powers. The study results demonstrate that the ultrasound is an effective factor for pretreatment of gold bearing arsenopyrite and gold extraction is related to an ultrasonic power and the intensity of mechanical agitation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Won Chol Hong

Ye Yong Kim

Chang Dok Kwon

Kwang Chol So

Faculty of Mining Engineering Kim Chaek University of Technology Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

11 Mutually Orthogonal Complementary Golay Coded Sequences: An In-vivo Study

Ihor Trots , Jurij Tasinkiewicz , Andrzej Nowicki

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 3 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148807

Keywords: coded excitation Golay codes synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging

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Abstract

Fast and high-quality ultrasound imaging allows to increase the effectiveness of detecting tissue changes at the initial stage of disease. The aim of the study was to assess the quality of ultrasound imaging using mutually orthogonal, complementary Golay coded sequences (MOCGCS). Two 16-bits MOCGCS sets were implemented in the Verasonics Vantage™ scanner. Echoes from a perfect reflector, a custom-made nylon wire phantom, a tissue-mimicking phantom, and in-vivo scans of abdominal aorta and common carotid artery were recorded. Three parameters of the detected MOCGCS echoes: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), side-lobe level (SLL), and axial resolution were evaluated and compared to the same parameters of the echoes recorded using standard complementary Golay sequences (CGS) and a short, one sine cycle pulse. The results revealed that MOCGCS transmission maintained comparable echo quality metrics (SNR, SLL, and axial resolution) compared to CGS and short pulses. Notably, both MOCGCS and CGS offered similar SNR improvements (5 dB–9 dB) in comparison to the short pulse for wires placed at depths up to 8 cm. Analysis of axial resolution, estimated at the full width at half maximum level, revealed near-identical values for all transmitted signals (0.17 µs for MOCGCS, 0.16 µs for CGS, and 0.18 µs for short pulse). MOCGCS implementation in ultrasound imaging offers the potential to significantly reduce image reconstruction time while maintaining image quality comparable to CGS sequences. In the experimental study we have shown that MOCGCS offers advantages over conventional CGS by enabling two times faster data acquisition and image reconstruction without compromising image quality.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ihor Trots

Jurij Tasinkiewicz

Andrzej Nowicki

Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences

12 Influence of Ultrasonic Cavitation on Botryococcus Braunii Growth

Asleena Salaeh

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 3 | 439-445 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148800

Keywords: Botryococcus braunii ultrasonic wave cavitation specific growth rate bubble size

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Abstract

This study investigates ultrasonic energy’s impact on enhancing the growth of Botryococcus braunii (B. braunii) microalgae. Microalgae, known for their advantages in greenhouse gas mitigation and biomass conversion, were subjected to various stressors, including ultrasonic waves, to optimize productivity. Ultrasonic waves induce acoustic cavitation, increasing membrane permeability and substrate conversion. The study examined the impact of energy and maximum pressure resulting from bubble collapse on the relative specific growth rate of B. braunii microalgae. It was observed that reproduction showed a promotive trend until the energy surpassed 30 kJ. However, when ultrasonic energy reached 18.2 kJ, reproduction was inhibited due to the maximum pressure generated during bubble bursting, which reached 5.7 µN/µm², leading to the suppression of reproduction upon encountering bubble collapse events. Under specific ultrasonic conditions (15.1 kJ energy, maximum pressure of 45.5 × 10⁵ Pa), a maximum specific growth rate of 0.329 ± 0.020 day⁻¹ in a two-day interval boosted B. braunii microalgae biomass productivity. These findings advance our understanding of ultrasonic wave effects on microalgae reproduction and underscore the potential for optimizing ultrasonic parameters to enhance biomass production.

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Authors and Affiliations

Asleena Salaeh

Division of Physics, School of Science, Walailak University

13 Ultrasonic Haptic Devices: Ultrasonic Noise Assessment

Leszek Morzyński , Marlena Podleśna , Grzegorz Szczepański , Anna Włudarczyk

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 3 | 447-458 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148795

Keywords: ultrasonic haptic devices ultrasonic noise

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Abstract

Ultrasonic haptic technology is one of the more interesting novel technologies being intensively developed in recent years. Such technology has a number of undoubted advantages and potential applications, but it can also be a source of ultrasonic noise. Pursuant to the provisions of the labor law, ultrasonic noise at a high sound pressure level can be a harmful factor for human health. The article presents the results of the assessment of ultrasonic noise emitted by an ultrasonic haptic device and the assessment of exposure to noise of a person using the device. The tests were carried out using one of the haptic devices readily available on the market. Ultrasonic noise emission tests were carried out around the device, at selected points placed on the surface of a hemisphere of a radius of 0.5 m, for various haptic objects. The analyzed parameter was the equivalent sound pressure level in the 1~3 octave band with a center frequency of 40 kHz. Variable sound pressure levels ranged from 96 dB to 137 dB. Noise exposure tests were carried out both using the KEMAR measurement dummy and with test participants of different heights. In most cases, the sound pressure level exceeded 110 dB, and in the worst case it exceeded 131 dB. Comparison of the results of ultrasonic noise assessments with the permissible values of this noise in the working environment shows that in the case of prolonged or improper use of the device, the permissible values may be exceeded.

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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek Morzyński

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marlena Podleśna

e-mail:

ORCID:

Grzegorz Szczepański

e-mail:

ORCID:

Anna Włudarczyk

Central Institute For Labour Protection – National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland

14 Drone Flight Detection at an Entrance to a Beehive Based on Audio Signals

Urszula Libal , Pawel Biernacki

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 3 | 459-468 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2024.148796

Keywords: signal processing machine learning neural networks anomaly detection autoencoder honey beeswarming drone detection

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Abstract

Spotting a significant number of drones flying near the entrance of a beehive during late Spring could indicate the occurrence of swarming mood, as the the surge in drone presence is related to an overcrowded hive. Swarming refers to a natural reproductive process witnessed in honey bees, wherein half of the bee colony departs from their hive alongside the aging queen. In the paper, we propose an early swarming detection mechanism that relies on the behavior of the drones. The proposed method is based on audio signals registered in a close proximity to the beehive entrance. A comparative study was performed to find the most effective preprocessing method for the audio signals for the detection problem. We have compared the results for three different power spectrum density coefficients estimation methods, which are used as an input of an autoencoder neural network to discriminate drones from worker bees. Through simulations employing real-life signals, it has been demonstrated that drone detection based solely on audio signals is indeed feasible. The attained level of detection accuracy enables the creation of an efficient alarm system for beekeepers.

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Authors and Affiliations

Urszula Libal

e-mail:

ORCID:

Pawel Biernacki

e-mail:

ORCID:

Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Department of Acoustics, Multimedia and Signal Processing, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology

15 Contents

Archives of Acoustics | 2024 | vol. 49 | No 3

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o author’s suggestion to classification of the paper as the research paper, review paper or technical note.

Article Requirements
1. At submission time only a PDF file is required. After acceptance, authors must submit all source material (see information about Figures). Authors can use their preferred manuscript-preparation software. The journal itself is produced in LaTeX, so accepted articles will be converted to LaTeX at production time.
2. The title of the paper should be as short as possible.
3. Full names and surnames should be given.
4. The full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name should be provided. Affiliations should contain the full postal address, as well as an e-mail address of one author designated as corresponding author.
5. The text should be preceded by a concise abstract (less than 200 words).
6. Keywords should be given.
7. The formulae to be numbered are those referred to in the paper, as well as the final formulae.
8. All notations should be written very distinctly.
9. References in the text (author(s) and year of publication) are to be cited between parentheses.
Items appearing in the reference list should be complete, including surname and the initials of the first name of the author, the full title of the paper/book in English followed by the information on the original paper language. In case of a book, the publisher's name, the place and year of publication should be given. In case of a periodical, the full title of the periodical, consecutive volume number, current issue number, pages, and year of publication should be given. All references in the bibliography should be cited in the text, and arranged in alphabetical order by authors' last name.
For more information on references see http://acoustics.ippt.gov.pl/public/Instructions.pdf.
10. Figures must be of publication quality. Each figure should be saved in separate file and captioned and numbered so that it can float. After acceptance, Authors will need to submit the original source files for all photos, diagrams and graphs in manuscript.
For diagrams and graphs vector EPS or vector PDF files are the most useful. Make sure that what you're saving is vector graphics and not a bitmap. Please also include the original data for any plots. This is particularly important if you are unable to save Excel-generated plots in vector format. Saving them as bitmaps is not useful; please send the Excel (.xls) spreadsheets instead.
Photographs should be high-quality – with resolution no lower than 300 dpi.
Pack all figure files into a single archive (zip, tar, rar or other format) and then upload on the magazine web site.