@ARTICLE{Jakubowski_Aleksander_Hydrogen_2024,
 author={Jakubowski, Aleksander and Lipinski, Lech and Kwiatkowski, Dawid and Karkosinski, Dariusz and Karkosinska-Brzozowska, Natalia},
 volume={vol. 73},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Archives of Electrical Engineering},
 pages={763-777},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2024},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={In European countries, electrified routes amount for 40% to 65% of the total railway networks length. Some of those routes are only partially electrified, and construction of a catenary network might not be viable on all routes. Consequently, operators run diesel trains under catenary or require both an electric and diesel vehicle, increasing costs of operation. Dual-mode vehicles exist, but they are mostly equipped with diesel generators, adding to the pollution and resulting in reduced movement dynamics. In this article, the authors present a hydrogen-hybrid electric multiple unit (HEMU), as an environmentally friendly vehicle for partially electrified railway lines. Insight into technologies utilized by both hybrid and hydrogen rail vehicles based on the literature review allowed for the formulation of requirements for such a vehicle. Furthermore, an approach to a modelling hybrid vehicle is described, including an energy management algorithm. A series of simulations were conducted, showing an operation of an HEMU on a partially electrified suburban/regional route. The presented simulation results show potential for the future introduction of hydrogen hybrid electric multiple units as a viable solution for partially electrified local and regional routes.},
 type={Article},
 title={Hydrogen fuel cell power supply for hybrid electric multiple unit train},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/132633/12_2k.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/aee.2024.150894},
 keywords={battery pack, energy storage, fuel cell, hybrid vehicle, rail transportation},
}