@ARTICLE{Wan-En_Ooi_A_2024,
 author={Wan-En, Ooi and Yun-Ming, Liew and Al Bakri Abdullah, M.M. and Shee-Ween, Ong and Yong-Jie, Hang and Hoe-Woon, Tee and Jia Ni, Lim},
 volume={vol. 69},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Archives of Metallurgy and Materials},
 pages={833-837},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2024},
 publisher={Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences},
 publisher={Committee of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy of Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={This study investigated the sustainability aspect of the fly ash (FA)-based one-part geopolymers (OPGs) with various combinations and amount of alkali activators (AA). The three groups of OPG were: the M-OPG activated with solely sodium metasilicate-anhydrous (Na2SiO3), the MH-OPG with Na2SiO3 and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and the MC-OPG with Na2SiO3 and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). The compressive strength, embodied carbon, embodied carbon index, embodied energy and embodied energy index were identified. Test result shows that the M-OPG and MC-OPG with the AA/FA ratio of 0.20 attained 83 MPa and 75 MPa of compressive strengths, respectively. The MH-OPG with AA/FA ratio of 0.15 attained 72 MPa of compressive strength. The embodied carbon and embodied energy of the OPGs were mainly contributed by the Na2SiO3-anhydrous. The values were lowered when the Na2SiO3-anhydrous were partially substituted with NaOH or Na2CO3. Increasing the AA content increased the embodied carbon and energy. The embodied carbon index (3.80 kg CO2/m3/MPa) and embodied energy index (14.72 MJ/m3/MPa) of the MC-OPG with AA/FA ratio of 0.20 were the lowest. The outcome of this study supports the utilisation of Na2CO3 to partially substitute Na2SiO3 for the development of OPGs.},
 type={Article},
 title={A Prefatory Sustainability Assessment of One-Part Geopolymers},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/132642/AMM-2024-3-04-Liew%20Yun-Ming.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/amm.2024.150903},
 keywords={Geopolymer, embodied energy, embodied carbon, Fly ash, One-part},
}