@ARTICLE{Klojzy-Karczmarczyk_Beata_The_2024,
 author={Klojzy-Karczmarczyk, Beata and Makoudi, Said},
 volume={vol. 27},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal},
 pages={207-222},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2024},
 publisher={Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN},
 abstract={The amount of potential generation of the energy fraction in the municipal waste was analysed based on the generation index for this fraction (Klojzy-Karczmarczyk and Staszczak 2017) and based on the generation and morphological composition of municipal waste in the analysed national waste management plans. Those morphological fractions, which are characterised by a high calorific value, frequently above 12 MJ/kg (waste plastic, waste paper and cardboard, waste textiles and clothes, waste wood, multi-material waste), were considered the energy fractions. The estimated weighted average of the energy fraction in the total stream of municipal waste generated on a national scale is 29.8% (an index of energy fraction). The generation of the energy fraction based on the figures forecast in the planning documents in the years 2014–2019 ranged between 3.3 and 4.0 million Mg. Instead, the mass of the energy fraction generated under actual conditions ranged between 3.2 and 4.0 million Mg. The analysis has shown definitely smaller real generation with respect to the forecast figures for the years 2014–2016. A reverse trend has been observed in consecutive years. Considering the morphological composition, the obtained values of the potential generation are close to the figures provided based on the adopted generation index. In the years 2014–2015, the averaged mass of energy fraction in the total stream of municipal waste amounted to 3.3 million Mg per year, while its averaged mass in the stream of unsorted waste was 2.9 million Mg. In the years 2016–2022, the averaged mass of energy fraction in the total stream of municipal waste amounted to 3.8 million Mg per year, while in the stream of unsorted waste this value reached approx. 2.9 million Mg.},
 type={Article},
 title={The generation of energy fractions from municipal waste based on the analysis of planning documents},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/132950/10-09-Klojzy%20i%20Makoudi.pdf},
 keywords={municipal waste, waste generation, energy fraction, unmanaged fraction, mass estimate},
}