@ARTICLE{Turoń_Marcin_Kazimierz_Operation_2024,
 author={Turoń, Marcin Kazimierz},
 volume={vol. 45},
 number={No 4 (in progress)},
 pages={153-162},
 journal={Archives of Thermodynamics},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2024},
 publisher={The Committee of Thermodynamics and Combustion of the Polish Academy of Sciences and The Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={In Poland, heating systems using renewable energy sources have gained importance in construction projects, especially in newly designed buildings. This is mainly due to the Regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure, which sets technical conditions for buildings. As of December 31, 2020, the primary energy index for newly designed single-family buildings should not exceed 70 kWh/(m2year). This requires efficient energy sources in building design. Renewable energy installations have significantly lower primary energy utilization rates than fossil fuel systems, making them the preferred choice. In a facility in Batowice near Krakow, a hybrid energy system with ground-source and air-source heat pumps has been installed. These pumps are powered by electricity from a photovoltaic installation connected to the grid. The study aims to determine the optimal heat pump choice based on the facility’s conditions and optimize electricity consumption from the photovoltaic installation. Both heat pumps showed similar efficiencies during the heating season from December 2022 to March 2023: the ground-source heat pump achieved an annual coefficient of performance of 2.69, and the air-source heat pump achieved a seasonal coefficient of perfor-mance of 2.63. Given the high non-renewable primary energy factor for grid electricity, the feasibility of replacing gas boilers with heat pumps requires careful evaluation. The results indicate that integrating a heat pump with a photovoltaic installation substantially reduces the primary energy utilization index, supporting climate protection and the advancement of renewable energy sources. However, heat pumps alone may not be sufficiently efficient without the support of a PV installation.},
 title={Operation of a hybrid heating system based on heat pumps using a photovoltaic installation},
 type={Article},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/133413/13_AOT_4-2024_Turo%C5%84_720.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/ather.2024.152004},
 keywords={Renewable energy sources, Heat pumps, Hybrid installations, Energy efficiency, Photovoltaic installations},
}