@ARTICLE{Dubiel_Stanisław_Decision_2008,
 author={Dubiel, Stanisław and Macuda, Jan and Ziaja, Jan},
 number={No 2},
 pages={123-137},
 journal={Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2008},
 publisher={Komitet Zrównoważonej Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi PAN},
 publisher={Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN},
 abstract={The unpredictability of natural phenomena and erroneousness of human decisions cause that exploration works for hydrocarbon deposits may be accompanied by failure situations, e.g. oil or natural gas eruptions. They usually take place when reservoirs containing high pressure natural gas, oil or brine are drilled, and the pressure of the drilling mud column cannot compensate for it. Natural gas or oil eruption frequently leads to fires, and the outflow of hot brine considerably destroys the soil, ground and water in the vicinity of the rig. Depending on such factors as, e.g. type of the spontaneously outflowing fluid, toxic contaminations, eruption duration, time at which the rescue measures were undertaken and methods selected - the risk for he crew and the environment may differ. The probability of eruption during drilling operations can be minimized thanks to the on-going measurements of basic technological and control parameters, as well as the possessed efficient procedures and modern blow-out prevention systems. The geologic, technical and technological causes of hydrocarbon eruptions accompanying drilling operations, especially at anomalously high formation pressures, have been analyzed in the paper. On this basis, the authors worked out efficient methods of predicting eruption hazard at exploration for hydrocarbons as well as methods of liquidating eruptions. Algorithms for quick and correct making decisions and carrying rescue procedures were created. Technological recommendations for easy and effective blow-out prophylaxy follow.},
 type={Artykuł},
 title={Decision procedures at drilling up hydrocarbon deposits in blow-out hazard},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/133502/PDF/10_GSM_24_2_1_2008_Dubiel_Decision.pdf},
 keywords={Hydrocarbon fields, drilling up, eruption, blow-out hazard, blow-out prophylaxy, procedures, blockdiagrams},
}