@ARTICLE{Muchlisin_Z.A._Effect_2025,
 author={Muchlisin, Z.A. and Hasibuan, R.R. and Maulida, S. and Eriani, K. and Fadli, N. and Muhammadar, A.A. and Handayani, L.S. and Suharman, I. and Kocabas, M. and Kocabas, F.K.},
 volume={vol. 28},
 number={No 1},
 pages={159–164},
 journal={Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2025},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences Committee of Veterinary Sciences},
 publisher={University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn},
 abstract={Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus is a popular freshwater fish that has been extensively and intensively cultured worldwide. However, cryopreservation of its sperm, especially pre-freezing procedure, has not been properly developed. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the best pre-freezing procedure for cryopreservation of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus sperm. The completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications was employed in this study. The tested treatments were T1=4°C → 0°C → -4°C → -10°C → -79°C → -196°C, T2=4°C→ 0°C → -4°C → -10°C → -196°C, T3=4°C → 0°C → -4°C → -196°C, T4=4°C → 0°C → -196°C), and T5=4°C → -196°C, with a 10 min equilibration at each respective temperature. Furthermore, sperm was cryopreserved for two weeks in liquid nitrogen (-179 oC). The results of the ANOVA test showed that pre-freezing had a significant effect on sperm motility, and viability (P<0.05), but had no considerable impact on sperm abnormality (P>0.05). Treatment T4 exhibited higher motility and viability, but these values were not significantly different from T3 and T5. Based on practical consideration, it was recommended to utilize the T5 pre-freezing procedures (4°C → -196°C) for cryopreservation of Nile tilapia sperm. Considering these results, Nile tilapia sperm can be directly cryopreserved into liquid nitrogen after equilibration at 4°C for 10 min.},
 title={Effect of pre-freezing on motility, viability and abnormality of Nile tilapia fish Oreochromis niloticus sperm post cryopreservation},
 type={Article},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/134475/PDF-MASTER/17%20_%20Muchlisin.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/pjvs.2025.154024},
 keywords={sperm quality, cryoprotectants, DMSO, egg yolk, fish breeding},
}