@ARTICLE{Niewiarowski_Władysław_Glacial_1993, author={Niewiarowski, Władysław and Pazdur, Mieczysław F. and Sinkiewicz, Mieczysław}, volume={vol. 14}, number={No 3}, journal={Polish Polar Research}, pages={243-258}, howpublished={online}, year={1993}, publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences}, publisher={Committee on Polar Research}, abstract={Geological and geomorphological studies in Kaffiöyra and Hermansenöya (Oscar II Land, northwestern Spitsbergen), completed with radiocarbon datings, indicated that the Early Vistulian (Weichselian) Glaciation of presumable regional significance, occupied the whole area. Marine transgression during and after deglaciation reached at least to 65 m a.s.l. Glacioisostatic uplift and marine regression in Kaffiöyra resulted in development of older raised beaches at 52-65 m a.s.l. During the Late Vistulian, Kaffiöyra was occupied partly by outlet glaciers (Aavatsmark, Elise and Andreas), while the Dahl Glacier covered Hermansenöya. Extents of these glaciers were much greater than during the Little Ice Age. Marine transgression during deglaciation reached to 46-48 m a.s.l. at about 12-11.5 ka B.P. During glacioisostatic emergence at 11.5-9 ka B.P., ten younger raised marine beaches were formed in Kaffiöyra. Traces of a probable glacial episode at 3-2.5 ka B.P. were noted in forefields of the Aavatsmark and the Elise glaciers only. In forefields of all glaciers in Kaffiöyra there are deposits and landforms formed during glacial advances of the Little Ice Age and the following continuous retreat. The Aavatsmark Glacier was the only one to indicate surge type readvances at that time.}, type={Article}, title={Glacial and marine episodes in Kaffioyra, northwestern Spitsbergen, during the Vistulian and the Holocene}, URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/111062/PDF-MASTER/1993-3_243-256.pdf}, keywords={Arctic, Spitsbergen, Kaffioyra, Quaternary, glaciations, marine transgressions}, }