@ARTICLE{Krakowski_M._Testing_2020,
 author={Krakowski, M. and Nogal, Ł.},
 volume={68},
 number={No. 5 (i.a. Special Section on Modern control of drives and power converters)},
 journal={Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences},
 pages={1099-1105},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2020},
 abstract={The complexity of power system phenomena challenges power system protection testing to obtain the required adequacy of the testing environment. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation in real-time substantially increases testing capabilities. However, there is still the question of the availability of commercial solutions. To address the challenges, a new hardware-in-the loop system has been designed and implemented utilizing the easily available Matlab/Simulink environment and Linux RT Preempt OS. The custom software part prepared for the presented system is based on the Matlab/Simulink s-function mechanism, Embedded Coder toolbox and Advantech biodaq library as the interface for the utilized I/O cards. The simulator’s real-time performance limits on Linux RT Preempt have been verified, and it was shown that its performance is sufficient to conduct successful tests of protection relays. Consequently, a simple power system protection relay testing example is provided, including a discussion of results. Finally, it has been proven that the presented system can be utilized as a simpler and more accessible hardware-in-the-loop testing alternative to commercial simulators.},
 type={Article},
 title={Testing power system protections utilizing hardware-in-the-loop simulations on real-time Linux},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/117251/PDF/15_D1099-1105_01532_Bpast.No.68-5_30.10.20_.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/bpasts.2020.134169},
 keywords={hardware-in-the-loop simulation, testing, real time systems, power systems protection},
}