@ARTICLE{Habib_M._Proposed,
 author={Habib, M. and Malkawi, A. and Awwad, M.},
 volume={Vol. 66},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Archives of Civil Engineering},
 pages={239-252},
 howpublished={online},
 publisher={WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING and COMMITTEE FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES},
 abstract={The problem of setting out in civil engineering applications has been addressed in the literature for a long time. However, technological development has provided researchers with an opportunity of having other procedures in line with modern techniques in surveying sciences. One of the most important procedures in erecting steel structures, bridges, and precast columns of a building is the accurate placement of the anchorage system in concrete. The traditional method for staking out anchor bolts relies on sight rails, string lines, and tape measure. The precision of this art depends not only on the accuracy of observed offset distances during layout operations but also on the centerline of the anchoring template itself. Nowadays, the process of designing structures is executed using software that can perform a digital plan in CAD environment, where the coordinates of each anchor bolt can be defined. This research presents an accurate approach of positioning anchor bolts based on the second problem in surveying and total station. Error analysis and field application are described to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. However, the results indicate that the developed technique increases productivity, reduces the cost, and improves the positional accuracy.},
 type={Article},
 title={Proposed Approach for Positioning Anchorage System in Concrete},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/117462/PDF/13.Paper_806%20do%20druku_B5.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/ace.2020.134395},
 keywords={anchor bolts, setting out, column base plate},
}