@ARTICLE{Kuczok_Marcin_Adult_2015,
 author={Kuczok, Marcin},
 volume={vol. 36},
 journal={LINGUISTICA SILESIANA},
 pages={111-125},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2015},
 publisher={Polska Akademia Nauk • Oddział w Katowicach},
 abstract={The present article aims at identifying four types of metonymic mappings: formal, referential, propositional and illocutionary, as described by Bierwiaczonek (2013), in English X-phemisms. The use of X-phemisms in language is strictly connected with the rules of politeness functioning in communication. X-phemisms encompass euphemisms and orthophemisms that are used by language users to avoid dispreferred tabooed words, as well as dysphemisms which assume a deliberate use of a tabooed expression in order to offend, show disapproval or express negative feelings. Although linguists have listed a number of various mechanisms used in the creation of X-phemisms, often including metonymy as one of the rhetorical tools, it will be claimed that metonymy, understood as a conceptual process, may be also identifi ed in other linguistic means applied by English speakers to X-phemism creation.},
 type={Article},
 title={Adult drinks and hanky-panky. The types of metonymic motivation in English x-phemisms},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/118254/PDF/08_Kuczok.pdf},
}