@ARTICLE{Mzad_Hocine_Simulation_2021,
 author={Mzad, Hocine and Otmani, Abdessalam},
 volume={vol. 42},
 number={No 1},
 pages={115-128},
 journal={Archives of Thermodynamics},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2021},
 publisher={The Committee of Thermodynamics and Combustion of the Polish Academy of Sciences and The Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={Solar cell performance decreases with increasing temperature, heat can reduce output efficiency by 10–25%. The operating temperature plays a key role in the photovoltaic conversion process. Increase in electrical efficiency depends on cooling techniques, in particular photovoltaic modules installed in the high temperature regions. A cooling process using a single nozzle of photovoltaic panel operating under different configurations was simulated. The simulation contains two parts: the first is a thermodynamic investigation of fluid impingement upon the sensor front face. The second is a performance comparison between two types of glass cover. The major result that emerges from this simulation is the effect of a single nozzle arrangement to enhance the cooling process, under a low cadence of impinging droplets in the range 0.1–1.7 m/s.},
 type={Article},
 title={Simulation of photovoltaic panel cooling beneath a single nozzle based on a configurations framework},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/119571/art07.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/ather.2021.136950},
 keywords={photovoltaic panel, Nozzle, dispersion, Comsol, Glazing, heat transfer},
}