@ARTICLE{Пономаренко_Володимир_Designations_2021,
 author={Пономаренко, Володимир},
 volume={vol. LXX},
 number={No 3},
 pages={623-642},
 journal={Slavia Orientalis},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2021},
 publisher={Komitet Słowianoznawstwa PAN},
 abstract={The aim of the study is a historical‑etymological and sociolinguistic analysis of the above designations. Тhe traditional Ukrainian demonym цигани is considered to be an ancient borrowing from Greek. Historical names in other Slavic languages have the same origin, while the less widely used Germanic names are presumably borrowed from Slavic or other (Hungarian or Italian) languages. Names like the English term Rom(any) have been known since the 19th century. The distribution of such names in Europe concerns primarily the political sphere and is explained by the social unacceptability of names such as the English term Gypsies given their negative connotations. The peculiarity of the nomination lies in the historical diversity of the names of this ethnic group in different languages, their semantic ambiguity, and characteristic secondary meanings. The historical experience of Ukrainian designations is evidenced by derivatives and figurative meanings of various, including those of a negative nature. Set expressions and paroemias (catch phrases, aphorisms etc) refer to the characteristic realities of Gypsy life and its specific features. The perception of the traditional Ukrainian name by some speakers is ambiguous, something that should be considered rather a social problem. It is caused, in particular, by ethnic stereotypes that are reflected in the language. The names циган and ром(а) are not lexical duplicates, though their meanings are quite similar. Роми and ромський are increasingly used in the media, although, it has not yet become a normative phenomenon. The use of synonyms when referring to words with a relative meaning cannot be a problem. Similarly, belonging to exonyms cannot be problematic, because the term does not contain anything negative. Therefore, there are insufficient grounds to speak of the necessity of using any designation other than the historically established one. However, the authorities and society itself have the right to choose freely.},
 type={Artykuły / Articles},
 title={Designations for the Gypsy Ethnos in Modern Ukrainian and Other European Languages: Historical and Sociolinguistic Dimensions},
 URL={http://journals.pan.pl/Content/121264/PDF/2021-03-SOR-10-Ponomarenko.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/slo.2021.138197},
 keywords={ethnonyms, Gypsies, Roma(nies), exonyms, national stereotypes, ethnophaulisms},
}